scholarly journals Management of Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita on Mulberry with Passiflora foetida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Victoria Rani ◽  
N. Vijaya Kumary
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Silk Industry ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Passiflora Foetida ◽  
Botanical Extract

Background: The root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Chit wood infesting mulberry is economically important in silk industry as it affects the leaf yield both quantitatively and qualitatively which in turn affects the silkworm Bombyx mori L., growth and cocoon yield because its foliage is the sole food source of silkworm. Methods: Hence a pot experiment was conducted for the evaluation of efficacy of eco-friendly formulate like botanical extract from Passiflora foetida L., to manage nematode disease severity applied as soil amendment and aqueous leaf extract on nematode egg hatching. Result: After treatment, nematode infestation reduced significantly in terms of number of root knots/ g root weight and nematode egg masses / g root weight in mulberry plants and the treated plants showed better growth in shoot and root length compared to control plants. The aqueous extract of P. foetida showed maximum inhibition of egg hatchability with an increase in the concentration of plant extract.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

scholarly journals Potential of Inula racemosa root extract and its fractions to suppress root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
K. K. Chahal ◽  
N. K. Dhillon ◽  
Urvashi Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Inula Racemosa ◽  
Nonpolar Fraction ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Nematicidal potential of chloroform root extract of Inula racemosa and its fractions was investigated on egg hatching and mortality of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Egg masses and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to different concentrations (0.1-8.0 mg ml-1) of I. racemosa root extract and its fractions. Observations on egg hatch were recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day and those of mortality studies were recorded on 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day, respectively. Significant mortality as well as egg hatch inhibition was observed for all the tested components at 5 %. The root extract was found to be most effective in controlling egg hatching as complete inhibition was observed at 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration on 1stday of treatment and nonpolar fraction was most effective in causing mortality of J2 of M. incognita as 100 % inhibition was observed at 6.0 and 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration on 2nd day of treatment. Maximum inhibition of egg hatching was observed for root extract at 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration and 100 % mortality was observed for root extract as well as nonpolar fraction at the same concentration. The nonpolar fraction was most effective in causing mortality as maximum mortality was observed at 6.0 and 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration throughout the exposure time. Polar fraction was least effective among all the components both in egg hatch inhibition and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Both the activities showed concentrations as well as time dependence. Results show different role of tested components on egg hatching and mortality of root knot nematode. The root extract of I. racemosa and its fractions showed a potential to develop new nematicide.

scholarly journals Exploration of Potential Bacterial Endophytes against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeshan k ◽  
◽  
Vetrivelkalai p ◽  
Bhagawati B ◽  
Nibha G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Pot Culture

A field survey was conducted in 12 districts of Assam viz., Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagaon, Marigaon, Goalpara, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Sivsagar, Kamrup and Barpeta. A total of 92 root samples were collected and 37 bacterial isolates were isolated from commercial banana cultivars. The culture filtrates extracted from 37 endophytic bacterial isolates, were screened against southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and under pot culture studies. The five bacterial isolates viz., EB4, EB8, BC1, BC11 and BC12 showed 100% inhibition of egg hatching and juvenile mortality of M. incognita with an exposure period of 48 and 72h. On seed bacterization, with these five promising isolates, two isolates viz.EB4, BC1 significantly enhanced germination percentage (33.33, 25.31%) and vigour index (75.5, 64.39%) of paddy, receptively. The potential bacterial isolates viz., BC1 and EB4 were identified as Lysinibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively , based on the morphological phenotypic and biochemical characterization. The pot culture experiment revealed that the bacterial endophytes viz., Lysinibacillus sp. (BC1) Pseudomonas sp. (EB4) significantly reduced the soil (61.64, 56.71%) and root nematode population (77.29, 68.87%), number of adult females (73.97, 69.89%), egg masses (85.63, 80.11%) and root-knot index (1.33, 1.67) of M. incognita compared to untreated control. The bacterial endophytes viz., Pseudomonas sp. (EB4), Lysinibacillus sp. (BC1) were also significantly increased the growth parameters viz., shoot length (43.33, 39.18%), and root length (78.24, 59.26%) and pesudostem girth (58.38, 52.13%).

Usage of green manure plants as cover-crops in controlling root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) on tomato, Lyco-persicon esculentum (Mill.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
L. D. Amarasinghe ◽  
N. W. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Plant Parts

This study was conducted to determine the nematicidal effect of aqueous extractions of dry plant materials, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium and Tagetes erecta on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) and to determine the effect of dry leaves of wild sunflower, dry leaves of Gliri-cidia, and dry plant parts of marigold as cover crops on the growth of potted tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) infested with M. incognita. Nemati-cidal effect of aqueous extracts of T. diversifolia, G. sepium and T. erecta (20 g/ 100 mL w/v) were evaluated at 0.05 g/mL, 0.1 g/mL and 0.2 g/mL concentrations in the laboratory bioassay. Results revealed that 0.1 g/ mL and 0.2 g/ mL concentration of T. erecta and 0.2 g/mL concentration of T. diversifolia were very effective in juvenile mortality by over 50% within 48 hours com-pared to other treatments. T. erecta plant parts were the most effective causing above 70% juvenile mortality in 48 hours. M. incognita infested potted tomato plants supplement with dry plant parts of Marigold (2% w/w) showed; significantly higher number of green leaves (P=0.000, F=10.95); significantly lower number of yellow leaves (P=0.001, F=6.78); significantly high-er plant height (P=0.000, F=8.90), stem diameter (P=0.000, F=11.83), root length (P=0.000, F=14.71) and root weight (P=0.000, F=15.08); significantly lower number of root galls (P=0.000, F=116.74), gall index (P=0.000, F=95.80) and significantly lower population of M. incognita in soil (P=0.000, F=24.78) compared to other treatments. This study concludes that addition of botani-cals as cover crops enhanced plant growth and significantly reduced root-knot infestation in tomato plants.

scholarly journals Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita by the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium muscarium

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Hussain ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Pavel Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lecanicillium Muscarium ◽  
Nematode Eggs

The entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch) Zare and Gams is currently being developed as a biocontrol agent against insect pests, as well as some plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Data about its activity against plant-parasitic nematodes exist, but are relatively limited. To expand this understanding, we investigated the biocontrol efficiency of three isolates of L. muscarium (Lm) against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In our experiments, the maximum number of nematode eggs, juveniles (J2s), females, and egg masses that were parasitized were quantified after a 72-h exposure to the fungus. The isolate Lm1 was designated as the best biocontrol agent against nematode eggs as well as J2s. It showed the highest colonization of eggs and significantly decreased egg hatching events. The results from two additional isolates, Lm2 and Lm3, were also significant (P = 0.05) but less pronounced than those observed with Lm1. L. muscarium treatments had significant (P = 0.05) positive effects on plant shoot and root growth compared with the growth of control plants. These results suggest the effectiveness of the fungus may be due to either the infection of eggs and J2s, or the production of secondary metabolites that induced plant defense mechanisms and lead to systemic resistance. Our study demonstrates that L. muscarium could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against root knot nematodes.

scholarly journals The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, profoundly affects the production of popular biofortified cassava cultivars

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminat Korede Akinsanya ◽  
Steve Olaoluwa Afolami ◽  
Peter Kulakow ◽  
Danny Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Weight Percentage

Summary Despite being the single largest cassava-producing country, yields in Nigeria remain consistently poor and among the lowest. Regionally, yields are also particularly low across Africa. Pests and pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes, play an important role in this current yield deficit. African countries are not only faced with the problem of food security but also that of nutritional deficiency, due to limited micronutrients in the diet. In this study, six biofortified cultivars were evaluated for their response to inoculation with approximately 30 000 root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) eggs in 30 l pots in Nigeria. All cassava cultivars proved highly susceptible to M. incognita infection after 6 months, with nematode reproduction factor ranging from 7.0 to 44.8. Galling was common on feeder roots and gall index scores were recorded between 4 to 5 (on a scale of 1-5 where 5 ⩽ 100 galls). Meloidogyne incognita infection significantly reduced plant height, stem girth, fresh plant mass, fresh storage root number and storage root weight. Percentage yield loss of between 41.8-88.4% was recorded in M. incognita-infected plants compared with non-infected controls. Although M. incognita reduced storage root weight, it did not necessarily affect the nutritional quality (total carotenoid) or dry weight percentage of the biofortified cassava cultivars. Total carotenoid and dry weight contents of the control cultivar were similar to some of the biofortified cultivars. The high susceptibility of the biofortified cassava cultivars to M. incognita infection indicates that substantial yield losses are likely being experienced by farmers, as this nematode pest is prevalent across sub-Saharan Africa and the tropics.

scholarly journals Nematicidal Evaluation and Active Compounds Isolation of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 against Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Qiong He ◽  
Dongya Wang ◽  
Bingxue Li ◽  
Ambreen Maqsood ◽  
Haiyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Aspergillus Japonicus

The root-knot nematode is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, and the ecofriendly alternative approach of biological control has been used to suppress nematode populations. Here the nematicidal activity of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in vitro and in greenhouse, and the effects of A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate on seed germination and the active compound of A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate were determined. The 2-week fermentation filtrate (2-WF) of A. japonicus ZW1 exhibited markedly inhibitory effects on egg hatching, and 5% 2-WF showed potential nematicidal activities on second-stage juveniles (J2s); the mortality of J2s was 100% after 24 h exposure. The internal contents of nematodes were degraded and remarkable protruded wrinkles were present on the body surface of J2s. The nematicidal activity of the fermentation was stable after boiling and was not affected by storage time. A germination assay revealed that 2-WF did not have a negative effect on the viability and germination of corn, wheat, rice, cowpeas, cucumbers, soybeans, or tomato seeds. The pot-grown study confirmed that a 20% fermentation broth solution significantly reduced root galls and egg numbers on tomatoes, and decreased galls and eggs by 47.3% and 51.8% respectively, over Czapek medium and water controls. The active compound from the A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate was isolated and identified as 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate hydrochloride ester on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LC-MS (liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer) techniques. Thus, fermentation of A. japonicus ZW1 could be considered a potential new biological nematicide for the control of M. incognita.

scholarly journals Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
M. Muthulakshmi ◽  
B. Anita ◽  
S. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell

The indigenous egg parasitic fungal isolates, Engyodontium aranearum was evaluated for its nematicidal potential against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The study revealed 53.75 per cent egg parasitization by the fungal isolate. Fungal colonies grew over the eggs and fungal hyphae penetrated the egg shells resulting in rupturing of egg shell layers, enzymatic digestion and empty eggs. The fungal culture filtrate was found to inhibit egg hatching by 83.42 per cent and caused upto 91.36 per cent juvenile mortality. This isolate also reduced the attraction of infective juveniles towards tomato root by 79.29 per cent. It seems to be a first report on the antinemic property of the fungus E. aranearum against root knot nematode, M. incognita and its effect was found comparable with Paecilomyces lilacinus which is known as an efficient nematode egg parasitic fungus.

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