scholarly journals Exploration of Potential Bacterial Endophytes against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeshan k ◽  
◽  
Vetrivelkalai p ◽  
Bhagawati B ◽  
Nibha G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Pot Culture

A field survey was conducted in 12 districts of Assam viz., Jorhat, Golaghat, Nagaon, Marigaon, Goalpara, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Sivsagar, Kamrup and Barpeta. A total of 92 root samples were collected and 37 bacterial isolates were isolated from commercial banana cultivars. The culture filtrates extracted from 37 endophytic bacterial isolates, were screened against southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and under pot culture studies. The five bacterial isolates viz., EB4, EB8, BC1, BC11 and BC12 showed 100% inhibition of egg hatching and juvenile mortality of M. incognita with an exposure period of 48 and 72h. On seed bacterization, with these five promising isolates, two isolates viz.EB4, BC1 significantly enhanced germination percentage (33.33, 25.31%) and vigour index (75.5, 64.39%) of paddy, receptively. The potential bacterial isolates viz., BC1 and EB4 were identified as Lysinibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively , based on the morphological phenotypic and biochemical characterization. The pot culture experiment revealed that the bacterial endophytes viz., Lysinibacillus sp. (BC1) Pseudomonas sp. (EB4) significantly reduced the soil (61.64, 56.71%) and root nematode population (77.29, 68.87%), number of adult females (73.97, 69.89%), egg masses (85.63, 80.11%) and root-knot index (1.33, 1.67) of M. incognita compared to untreated control. The bacterial endophytes viz., Pseudomonas sp. (EB4), Lysinibacillus sp. (BC1) were also significantly increased the growth parameters viz., shoot length (43.33, 39.18%), and root length (78.24, 59.26%) and pesudostem girth (58.38, 52.13%).

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi as Potential Bio-Control Agents against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Banana

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
K. Ganeshan ◽  
P. Vetrivelkalai ◽  
B. Bhagawati ◽  
Nibha Gupta ◽  
K. Devrajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Pot Culture

A Survey was conducted in 12 districts of Assam to collect 92 healthy banana root samples. A total of 55 fungal isolates were successfully isolated from commercial banana cultivars. The culture filtrates were extracted from 55 endophytic fungal isolates and screened against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and pot culture studies. Among them, five fungal isolates viz., EF4, BF7, BF27, BF28 and BF35 showed 100% inhibition of egg hatching and 96.33 to 81.33% juvenile mortality of M. incognita with an exposure period of 72h when compared to other isolates and control. On paddy seed treatment with endophytic fungi of five promising isolates, two isolates viz., BF7 and BF28 significantly enhanced germination percentage (82.67%, 73.33%) and vigour index (62.91, 47.24%), respectively. The selected five endophytic fungal isolates were evaluated for their efficacy against M. incognita in banana under pot culture conditions. The study revealed that culture filtrates of BF7 and BF28 significantly reduced the soil and root nematode population, number of adult females, egg masses and root gall index of M.incognita compared to untreated control. The isolates BF7 and BF28 also significantly increased the growth parameters viz., pseudostem height, root length and pseudostem girth. These promising endophytic fungal isolates viz., BF7 and BF28 were identified as non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains (Accession no. MN567668) and (Accession no. MN567710), respectively by PCR -18S rRNA of ITS region of gene sequence and phylogenetic tree construction.

scholarly journals Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
M. Muthulakshmi ◽  
B. Anita ◽  
S. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell

The indigenous egg parasitic fungal isolates, Engyodontium aranearum was evaluated for its nematicidal potential against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The study revealed 53.75 per cent egg parasitization by the fungal isolate. Fungal colonies grew over the eggs and fungal hyphae penetrated the egg shells resulting in rupturing of egg shell layers, enzymatic digestion and empty eggs. The fungal culture filtrate was found to inhibit egg hatching by 83.42 per cent and caused upto 91.36 per cent juvenile mortality. This isolate also reduced the attraction of infective juveniles towards tomato root by 79.29 per cent. It seems to be a first report on the antinemic property of the fungus E. aranearum against root knot nematode, M. incognita and its effect was found comparable with Paecilomyces lilacinus which is known as an efficient nematode egg parasitic fungus.

scholarly journals Endophytic Bacterial Consortium Originated from Forestry Plant Roots and Their Nematicidal Activity against Meloidogyne incognita Infestation in Greenhouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1182
Author(s):  
Abdul Munif ◽  
Supramana ◽  
Elis Nina Herliyana ◽  
Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Protease Enzyme

Yield loss due to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infection is reported to reach 35%, depends on factors contributing to infection. Application of several endophytic bacterial isolates (bacterial consortium) to control pathogenic infection is reported to be more effective compared to the application of single bacterial isolate. This study was aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial consortium originated from forestry plant that is effective to control root-knot nematode. The study was conducted through bacterial isolation followed by biosafety test. Bacterial isolates that were found to be safe for plants and mammals and compatible with each other were further grouped as the endophytic bacterial consortium. Phenotypic characterization and physiological characteristics including Gram type, ability to produce protease, chitinase, and lipase enzymes as well as HCN volatile compound were also tested. Moreover, the ability to fix nitrogen and dissolve phosphate were also examined. The endophytic bacterial consortium consisted of several bacterial isolates was further tested for its ability to inhibit M. incognita egg hatching and increase J2 of M. incognita mortality in vitro. Furthermore, test on tomato plants infested with 500 J2 of M. incognita was also performed in the greenhouse. Test results showed that 70 bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from Shorea sp., Swietenia sp., Albizia falcataria, Anthocephalus cadamba, and Juglans nigra. However, 34 bacterial isolates were observed to be safe (did not cause hypersensitivity reaction and did not produce hemolytic toxin). According to physiological characteristics, it was found that 25 isolates were able to produce protease enzyme, 26 isolates were able to produce chitinase enzyme, and 14 isolates were able to produce lipase enzyme. Moreover, it was also detected that 11 isolates were able to produce HCN volatile compound, 23 isolates were able to fix nitrogen (N), and 24 isolates were able to dissolve phosphate (P). Endophytic bacterial consortium obtained in this study was also observed to be able to inhibit M. incognita egg hatching up to 81.33% and increase J2 of M. incognita mortality up to 85% compared to control. In addition, the application of endophytic bacterial consortium was also able to increase the growth of tomato plant infected with M. incognita, and suppress the severity of the root-knot disease. This study provided information that endophytic bacterial consortium originated from forestry plants has the potential as a biocontrol agent of M. incognita.

scholarly journals Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using combinations of abamectin, Purpureocillium lilacinum, rhizobacteria, and botanicals compared with nematicide

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. El-Ashry ◽  
Mohamed A. S. Ali ◽  
Ahmed E. A. Elsobki ◽  
Ahmed A. A. Aioub
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Streptomyces Avermitilis ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum

Abstract Background Acceptable alternative eco-friendly tools in the present study were tested to control the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on greenhouse-cultivated vegetables. The nematicidal effect of rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas and Serratia), egg parasitic fungus (Purpureocillium lilacinum), abamectin (Streptomyces avermitilis), and 3 botanicals (colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis; moringa, Moringa oleifera; marigold, Tagetes erecta L.) singly or in combination was tested against M. incognita, in comparison with emamectin benzoate. Results In vitro treatments revealed that egg hatching and juvenile mortality were influenced by the type of bioagents, plant species of botanicals, and exposure time. All the tested bioagents and botanicals displayed nematicidal potential via their ovicidal and larvicidal action on egg hatching and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Three and 5 days post-treatment, abamectin and emamectin benzoate were more effective than P. lilacinum, Serratia and Pseudomonas, and C. colocynthis in inhibiting egg hatching: 96.31 and 94.88%; 95.79 and 94.05%; 94.11 and 94.46%; 85.54 and 87.28%; 88.87 and 84.30%, respectively. On the other hand, after 10 days, P. lilacinum gave the highest inhibition percentage (99.00%), followed by abamectin (89.25%). However, the difference was insignificant compared with the inhibition percentage of rhizobacteria, Serratia and Pseudomonas (88.69%; p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, juvenile mortality was 100.0, 96.80, and 91.60% after 10 days of treatment, respectively. However, botanicals showed a lower effect on egg hatching and juvenile mortality. Under greenhouse conditions, potential antagonism towards M. incognita by application the mixture of biocontrol agents and botanicals was more effective in controlling M. incognita than single treatments. Conclusions The combination of abamectin and/or emamectin benzoate with P. lilacinum and rhizobacteria was the most effective against M. incognita, followed by rhizobacteria and P. lilacinum, not only in decreasing galls and reproduction of M. incognita but also in increasing plant growth of tomato parameters than the control. The application of various bioagents including abamectin might be a potential antagonism strategy against phytonematodes in protected agricultural areas.

Effect of Oil Cakes and Bio-agents Each Alone and in Combination for Management of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Green Gram

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Poornata Jena ◽  
◽  
N. K. Sahoo ◽  
J. K. Mahalik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Am Fungus

A pot experiment was carried out in the net house of Department of Nematology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during June to August, 2017 on the application of oilcakes (mustard cake and neem cake) and bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, Glomus fasciculatum, Rhizobium leguminosarum) each alone and in combination for the management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in green gram. Result of the experiment indicated that soil application of mustard or neem cake @ 50 g m-2 with AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) @ 5 g m-² and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 of green gram seed declined the root knot nematode population, number of galls plant-1, number of eggmass plant-1and root knot index with corresponding increase of plant growth parameters and chlorophyll content in green gram plant as compared to other treatments and untreated check. But integration of mustard cake @ 50 g m-2 at 2 weeks prior to sowing with AM fungus @ 5 g m-2 at 10 days before sowing and seed treatment of Rhizobium @ 25 g kg-1 green gram seed exhibited the lowest M. incognita population 200 cc soil-1 (153.33 J2), number of galls plant-1 (7.0), number of eggmass plant-1 (2.0) and root knot index (2.0) reflecting enhancement of plant growth parameters, number of pods (206.67%), number of nodules (691.17%) over untreated check. This integrated management module also recorded maximum increase in the availability of NPK content in soil and chlorophyll content as compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

scholarly journals Potential of Inula racemosa root extract and its fractions to suppress root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur ◽  
K. K. Chahal ◽  
N. K. Dhillon ◽  
Urvashi Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Inula Racemosa ◽  
Nonpolar Fraction ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Nematicidal potential of chloroform root extract of Inula racemosa and its fractions was investigated on egg hatching and mortality of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Egg masses and second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were exposed to different concentrations (0.1-8.0 mg ml-1) of I. racemosa root extract and its fractions. Observations on egg hatch were recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day and those of mortality studies were recorded on 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day, respectively. Significant mortality as well as egg hatch inhibition was observed for all the tested components at 5 %. The root extract was found to be most effective in controlling egg hatching as complete inhibition was observed at 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration on 1stday of treatment and nonpolar fraction was most effective in causing mortality of J2 of M. incognita as 100 % inhibition was observed at 6.0 and 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration on 2nd day of treatment. Maximum inhibition of egg hatching was observed for root extract at 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration and 100 % mortality was observed for root extract as well as nonpolar fraction at the same concentration. The nonpolar fraction was most effective in causing mortality as maximum mortality was observed at 6.0 and 8.0 mg ml-1 concentration throughout the exposure time. Polar fraction was least effective among all the components both in egg hatch inhibition and J2 mortality of M. incognita. Both the activities showed concentrations as well as time dependence. Results show different role of tested components on egg hatching and mortality of root knot nematode. The root extract of I. racemosa and its fractions showed a potential to develop new nematicide.

scholarly journals Screening of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars against southern root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Ifra Siddique ◽  
Ishrat Naz ◽  
Raja Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Musharaf Ahmed ◽  
Syeda Maryam Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Significant Mortality

Fourteen cultivars of cucumber were screened for their resistance to the Southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in an in planta experiment. The pots were maintained in greenhouse with CRD for 50 days after inoculation. The cultivar DS92-05 induced significant mortality and was rated “moderately resistant (MR)”. This cultivar showed increase in plant growth parameters including vine length. The cultivars DS92-06, Laghman, Sultan and Desitype were moderately susceptible (MS). The cultivar Rehan and DS96-299 were rated susceptible (S) whereas DS97-299, Chaiya, Beitalpha, Alto, DS92-04 and Local were rated as highly susceptible (HS). DS92-05 is thus promising for sustainable agriculture, specially in those areas with high population density of Southern Root knot nematode.

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