scholarly journals Estimation of the Water Balance and Length of Growing Period under Gumla District of Jharkhand for Efficient Crop Planning

Author(s):  
Abhijeet Pankaj Ekka ◽  
Pragyan Kumari ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
A. Wadood

Present study was conducted for Gumla district of Jharkhand at block level which experiences a humid sub-tropical climate with an average rainfall of 1100 mm annually. In spite of receiving 85% of rainfall during the monsoon season the agricultural production and productivity in the district is quite low due to improper utilization of available moisture during the cropping season. Based on the weekly, annual rainfall and Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) data of 17 years (2000-2016), the length of the growing period (LGP) and water balance was worked out for the district and suitable crop plans were suggested. The length of the growing period was observed to be 21 weeks for most of the blocks of Gumla district under Uplandand an average of 25 weeks under upper medium land situation (Don III).Under lower medium land situation (Don II), length of growing period was of 28-29 weeks for all blocks except Basia, Kamdara and Sisai and low land situation (Don I), possessed 29 weeks of LGP at all blocks whereas it was one week more for Raidih and a week less for Basia and Kamdara.In Basia and Kamdara the water surplus is almost negligible under Upland and Don III land situation and very little water can be harvested from Don II and Don I. Maximum surplus water was observed in Raidih followed by Palkot and can be harvested more water from all land situations. Only short duration varieties of different crop and low water requiring crops like maize and pigeon pea are suitable for Basia as well as Kamdara blocks.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani ◽  

The hydrology section is divided into two main components, surface and groundwater. One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. Prediction of monthly evapotranspiration can be obtained depending on observed monthly average temperatures at a meteorological station in each year. Calculating of water balance in Iraq depending on meteorological data and Thornthwaite method was the aim of this research. Results of corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) obtained from applying Thornthwaite formula were compared with annual and monthly rainfall in thirty two meteorological station in order to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AE). The results showed that the annual summation of rainfall increased from south west towards north east according to the increasing ratio of rainfall due to the impact of Mediterranean climate condition on Iraq. Actual evapotranspiration depends directly on water excess during calculating water balance. Water surplus contour map indicates increased values towards north-east direction of Iraq, where water surplus depends directly on both rainfall and actual evapotranspiration.


2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1A) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Rebwar Dara

The aim of this study was to analyze the climatic data parameters in an interesting catchment, northern Iraq, the Koysinjaq catchment. The climatic conditions were further utilized in the water balance technique. The investigated periods (2000-2019) of meteorological data were used to assess the climatic and drought conditions in Koysinjaq Basin. In terms of water availability, the mean annual rainfall was 595mm and relative humidity was 50.3%, whereas regarding the water losses elements, the total monthly evaporation is 2058.3 mm, temperature, wind speed and sunshine were 22.3 oC, 2 m/sec, and 7.8 hr/day respectively. Kharrufa method was employed to define potential evapotranspiration, and identify periods of water surplus and deficit. The results indicated that total potential evapotranspiration, water surplus and deficit are 2209.04 mm, 258.2 mm, and 1872.4 mm respectively. Different methods were used for climate classification like Mather, Unep, and Al-Kubaisi, the results of these classifications show that climate is dry-sub humid according to the first classification, semi-arid according to the second classification, and humid to moist according to the third classification.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Qusai Y. AL-Kubaisi

Mandali Basin is located between latitudes (33◦ 39' 00" and 33◦54' 55") to the north and longitudes (45ο 11' 00" and 45ο 40' 00") to theeast; to the east of Diyala province at the Iraqi-Iranian border; thebasin area is approximately 491 km2.From the study of climate reality of the basin between 1990-2013and assessment of the basic climate transactions, it was foundthat the annual rate of rainfall is 253.02 mm, the relative humidity(44.4%), the temperature (21.3 ◦C), wind speed (2.08 m /sec.),sunshine (8.27 h/day) and evaporation of the basin class (a) (271.98mm) and corrected potential evapotranspiration (80.03 mm). Theresults of the data analysis show that, there are three basic periods ofclimate variability wet period, semi wet and dry period.This study shows that, there is water surplus of 60.87% of therainfall amount which is equivalent to 154.03 mm, the amount ofrunoff is 7.47 mm, and the amount of water recharge is 146.56mm.


MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
N. CHATTOPADHYAY ◽  
S. S. VYAS ◽  
B. K. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
N. S. TIDKE ◽  
N. G. DHANGAR

Under the present study estimation of high resolution soil moisture (SM) under Pan India mode using simple water balance method and from satellite data has been explored. It aims at the simple calculation of soil moisture followed by verification with ground truth data of SM on spatial and temporal scale (WC) as climatic input. The model has been verified for winter (January-February), pre-monsoon (March-May), monsoon (June-September) and post-monsoon (October-December) seasons of year 2013. The comparison of model estimates with the in-situ data from 17 ground stations (for 396 paired datasets) over different seasons produced a better correlation coefficient varying from 0.46 to 0.60. The spatial comparison of SM estimated from model and satellite SM for the monsoon season shows a greater degree of coherence over most parts of India. Model derived weekly gridded SM combined with higher resolution satellite SM could use simple formulation and minimum inputs in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS). The SM is calculated on weekly basis and using gridded rainfall, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and field capacity (FC) and wilting point be used for better accuracy of the proposed block level agrometadvisory services.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-655
Author(s):  
Paulo André da Silva Martins ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Santos Querino ◽  
Marcos Antônio Lima Moura ◽  
Juliane Kayse Albuquerque da Silva Querino ◽  
Leia Beatriz Vieira Bentolila ◽  
...  

BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DE THORNTHWAITE E MATHER (1955) PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE MANICORÉ, NA MESORREGIÃO SUL DO AMAZONAS     PAULO ANDRÉ DA SILVA MARTINS1; CARLOS ALEXANDRE SANTOS QUERINO2; MARCOS ANTÔNIO LIMA MOURA3; JULIANE KAYSE ALBUQUERQUE DA SILVA QUERINO4; LÉIA BEATRIZ VIEIRA BENTOLILA5 E PAULA CAROLINE DOS SANTOS SILVA6   1Doutorando em Geografia pela Universidade Federal de Rondônia -UNIR, membro pesquisador do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM e grupo de pesquisa geografia e planejamento ambiental - LABOGEOPA, da Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR, Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Hidro meteorologia e pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM.  Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Instituto de Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade Federal de Alagoas – ICAT/UFAL. Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, S/N Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP: 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Departamento de Hidro meteorologia e pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM.  Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Engenheira Ambiental, membra do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] 6Mestra em Ciências Ambientais pela Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Membra do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected]     1 RESUMO   O padrão climático é descrito pelas condições das variáveis meteorológicas que exercem influência nas atividades humanas. Por sua vez, a agricultura é condicionada pela disponibilidade hídrica que pode ser conhecida através do balanço hídrico. Objetivou-se analisar a precipitação e a temperatura do ar, bem como realizar o balanço hídrico climatológico e a classificação climática em Manicoré-AM. Os dados foram coletados a partir da estação meteorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia entre os anos de 2010 a 2018. A evapotranspiração potencial foi calculada pelo modelo de Thornthwaite (1948). O balanço hídrico e a classificação climática foram estimados pela metodologia de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955). Os resultados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva. A precipitação média anual foi de 2.946,20 mm dos quais 90% ocorreram no período chuvoso. A temperatura do ar (Tar) média anual variou entre 25 e 27 °C. A deficiência hídrica anual média foi de 267,91 mm entre maio e setembro. O excedente hídrico médio anual foi de 1.609,26 mm entre dezembro e abril. A evapotranspiração potencial média anual foi de 1.604,85 mm, com máxima em agosto e mínima em julho. Por fim, a Classificação climática foi AwA’a’, clima super úmido megatérmico com moderada deficiência hídrica no inverno.   Palavras-Chaves: Precipitação, Temperatura do ar, Padrão climático.   MARTINS, P. A. da S.; QUERINO, C. A. S.; MOURA, MARCOS A. L.; QUERINO, J. K. A. da S.; BENTOLILA, L. B. V.; SILVA, P. C. dos S. CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE AND THORNTHWAITE AND MATHER (1955) CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION FOR MANICORÉ MUNICIPALITY IN AMAZONAS SOUTH MESOREGION     2 ABSTRACT   Climate pattern can be described by the conditions of the meteorological variables that exert influence on human activities. Agriculture, in its turn, is conditioned by water availability, which can be known through water balance. This paper aimed to analyze precipitation and air temperature, as well as to perform the climatic water balance and climatic classification in the municipality of Manicoré (Amazonas State, Brazil). Data were collected from the meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology from 2010 through 2018. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated by the Thornthwaite model (Thornthwaite, 1948). Water balance and climatic classification were estimated by Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) methodology. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The mean annual precipitation was 2.946.20 mm, of which 90% occurred in the rainy season. The average annual air temperature ranged from 25 to 27 ° C. The mean annual water deficit was 267.91 mm from May through September. The average annual water surplus was 1,609.26 mm from December through April. The annual average potential evapotranspiration was 1,604.85 mm, with maximum in August and minimum in July. Finally, the climatic classification was AwA'a ', super humid megathermal climate with moderate water deficiency in winter.   Keywords: Precipitation, Air temperature, Southern Amazonas.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Eleonora Runtunuwu ◽  
Akihiko Kondoh

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key role in the biosphere system. To study the global climate change impact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995), long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthly temperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution were analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, the time series of monthly air temperature and precipitation data were aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extreme periods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration (Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.<br />The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtracting the maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with the minimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The results revealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperature increased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatly in Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as well over the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55- 75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America, the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, the variation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increased<br />significantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. In the 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation of more than 100 mm occurred during the June-August and<br />September-November, especially in the northern hemisphere. The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in the tropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia. A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increase of 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growing period by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustment of cropping calendar is imperative.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 291-302
Author(s):  
Vidéhouénou Ariane Lucrèce Todote ◽  
Gustavo Bastos Lyra ◽  
Marcel Carvalho Abreu

The climate is described by the predominant atmospheric conditions in a particular region and influences several human activities. In agriculture, water availability defines the growth and yield of crops and can be obtained by the water balance. The climate classification also aids to identify suitable areas for agricultural crops. Thus, the aim of this work was to elaborate the water balance and perform the climate classification through the method of Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) for six weather stations (Bohicon, Cotonou-Airport, Kandi-Airport, Natitingou, Parakou-Airport and Savè) located in Benin, Western Africa. For the execution of this work, monthly series of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration from 1970 to 2015 were used. Once the monthly water balance of the six seasons was elaborated, it was observed that the rainy (dry) period decreases (increases) from the coast (Cotonou-Airport) to the north of Benin (Kandi-Airport) and, coincides with Boreal summer and part of autumn (Boreal winter and part of spring). Regarding the climate classification, the Cotonou-Airport station was characterized as Subhumid Megathermal climate with moderate winter deficit (C2wA’a’); the stations of Bohicon and Savè presented similar climate classification with Subhumid Dry Megathermal climate with low or without water surplus (C1dA’a’); Natitingou with Subhumid Dry climate Megathermal with large summer surplus (C1s2A’a’); Parakou-Airport with Subhumid climate Dry Megathermic with moderate summer surplus (C1sA’a’) and, Kandi-Airport presented Semi-arid Megathermal climate with moderate summer surplus (DsA’a’). In Benin, subsistence and rainfed farming showed greater risk in the north of the country due to the decrease in the rainy season and the water surplus from the coast (south) to the north of the country, with the increase in aridity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Geraldo Luís Charles de Cangela ◽  
George Do Nascimento Araújo Júnior ◽  
José Edson Florentino de Morais ◽  
José Raliuson Inácio Silva ◽  
Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim ◽  
...  

O conhecimento da variabilidade temporal das chuvas, possibilita prever mudanças no sistema hidrológico, planejar e gerenciar os recursos hídricos locais. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade temporal da precipitação pluvial e, realizar o Balanço Hídrico Climatológico (BHC), visando a caracterização da disponibilidade hídrica face às mudanças nos padrões de chuva do município de Chimoio, Moçambique, como também, classificá-lo climaticamente. Para isso, foram obtidos dados diários de precipitação pluvial e temperatura média do ar para o período de 1989 a 2018. A variabilidade da precipitação foi avaliada mediante a aplicação do Desvio Padronizado da Precipitação, teste sequencial de Mann-Kendall e regressão linear. Por meio do BHC foram determinados: deficit hídrico (DEF), excesso hídrico (EXC), retirada de água do solo (RET), reposição de água da chuva ao solo (REP), evapotranspiração real (ETR) e evapotranspiração potencial (ETP). A classificação climática foi obtida por meio dos índices: hídrico (Ih), aridez (Ia), umidade (Iu) e eficiência térmica (Iet). A precipitação pluvial de Chimoio não apresentou mudanças significativas no seu comportamento. Contudo, verificou-se grande oscilação, com valores anuais variando de 546,6 mm a 1724 mm, e média de 1016,63 mm. Observou-se um DEF anual de 240 mm entre abril e novembro, EXC de 226,4 mm e REP 96,4 mm entre dezembro e janeiro. O clima foi caracterizado como C2 B’3 s2 w a’. Os resultados obtidos poderão subsidiar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas ao gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, além de mitigar impactos ocasionados pela variabilidade da chuva no município de Chimoio, Moçambique.  Temporal analysis of rainfall and climate water balance for the municipality of Chimoio, MozambiqueA B S T R A C TThe knowledge of the temporal variability of rainfall makes it possible to foresee changes in the hydrological system, to plan and manage local water resources. The objective was to evaluate the temporal variability of rainfall and to carry out the Climatic Water Balance (CWB), aiming to characterize water availability in the face of changes in rainfall patterns in the municipality of Chimoio, Mozambique, as well as to classify it climatically. For this purpose, daily rainfall data and average air temperature were obtained for the period from 1989 to 2018. The variability of precipitation was assessed by applying the Standardized Precipitation Deviation, Mann-Kendall sequential test, and linear regression. The CWB determined: water deficit (WD), water surplus (WS), removal of water from the soil (RWS), replacement of rainwater to the soil (RRS), actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET). The climatic classification was obtained by means of the indices: water (Iw), aridity (Ia), humidity (Ih), and thermal efficiency (Ite). The Chimoio rainfall did not show significant changes in its behavior. However, there was a large oscillation, with annual values ranging from 546.6 mm to 1724 mm, and an average of 1016.63 mm. An annual WD of 240 mm was observed between April and November, WS of 226.4 mm, and RRS 96.4 mm between December and January. The climate was characterized as C2 B'3 s2 w a'. The results obtained can support the development of public policies aimed at the management of water resources, in addition to mitigating the impacts caused by the variability of rainfall in the municipality of Chimoio, Mozambique.Keywords: water deficit, climatic classification, climate changes, Mann-Kendall.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Eleonora Runtunuwu ◽  
Akihiko Kondoh

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key role in the biosphere system. To study the global climate change impact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995), long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthly temperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution were analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, the time series of monthly air temperature and precipitation data were aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extreme periods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration (Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.<br />The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtracting the maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with the minimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The results revealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperature increased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatly in Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as well over the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55- 75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America, the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, the variation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increased<br />significantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. In the 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation of more than 100 mm occurred during the June-August and<br />September-November, especially in the northern hemisphere. The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in the tropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia. A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increase of 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growing period by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustment of cropping calendar is imperative.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Aimi Athirah Ahmad ◽  
Fadhilah Yusof ◽  
Muhamad Radzali Mispan ◽  
Hasliana Kamaruddin

Rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are important variables in water balance study. Rainfall data were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Department while estimates of potential evapotranspiration were calculated using Penman-Monteith method. Trend analysis of monthly and annual rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and rainfall deficit are essential to manage irrigation system in agricultural systems. This is because changes in trend of these parameters may affect the water cycle and ecosystem. Annual and monthly values of these variables were analysed from 1980-2009. Results indicated  increasing trends of 16.2 mm yr-1 and 3.01 mm yr-1 for both annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, these trends resulted in annual rainfall deficit of 1.69 mm per year. 


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document