scholarly journals Nutritive Value of Major Browse Species in East Dembia District, Central Gondar, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluye Fekade ◽  
Merga Bayissa ◽  
Ajebu Nurfeta
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Regardless of having ample number of farm animals, its contribution to GDP is limited due to insufficient year round livestock feed supply in terms of quantity and quality, particularly during the dry season. This study was conducted to assess the most commonly used browse species as livestock feed particularly during dry period and to determine their nutritive value from four kebeles of East Dembiya district. Methods: Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of respondents. A total of 12 plots of 20m *20m (400m2) were established at an interval of 200m along the transect line to identify and record the available browse species. The leaves and petioles of A. abyssinica, C. africana, F. thonigii, F. sycomorus, V. amygdolina, M. arbutifolia and A. seyal were collected for chemical analysis. General linear model procedure of SAS was used for statistical analysis.Result: The mean CP content of the browse species ranged from 12.13% (F. sycomorus) to 29.74% (V. amygdolina). The IVDMD varied from 38.5% for M. arbutifolia to 71.67% for F. sycomorus. High gas production from immediately soluble component (a) was recorded for C. africana. The gas production from insoluble but potential degradable fraction (b), production potential (a+b) and organic matter digestibility were higher for F. thounigii but low for V. amygdolina. The browse species in the current study could be used as protein supplements to livestock fed on low quality feeds due to their high levels of crude protein, low fiber contents and high digestibility potentials.

The use ofin vitrogas production to evaluate rumen fermentation of leaves of 24 browse species indigenous to semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 238-240
Author(s):  
L. R. Ndlovu ◽  
L. Hove
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Browse species are important food resources in semi-arid areas, especially during the dry season when the nutritive value of grass is at its lowest. However, browse plants often contain secondary plant compounds which limit their nutritive value. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) (also called condensed tannins) and related flavonoids are a common constituent of woody plants in tropical regions (Mangan, 1988). PAs cause a bitter and astringent taste which lowers food palatability and they also lower the digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates (Jacksonet al., 1996). PAs also interfere with current chemical methods that are used for estimating nutritive value of foods (Reed, 1995). Biological assays, especially ,in vitrotechniques, have a potential to reflect better the nutritive value of foods that contain PAs. Thein vitrogas production technique has been found to reliably predict the nutritive value of temperate forages (Makkaret al., 1996). There has been limited research on its efficacy with tropical forages. The experiment reported here was conducted to test the hypothesis that gas production of tropical browse species reflects their content of fibre, protein and/or PAs.

Use of the gas production technique to investigate the supplementation of nitrogen-deficient foods

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
C. D. Wood ◽  
N. S. Prathalingam ◽  
A. M. Murray ◽  
R. W. Matthewman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
North West ◽  
Rich Media

A major focus for improving the diets in many less developed countries (LDCS) is the provision of rumen fermentable nitrogen (N) using protein supplements to complement N-deficient foods. However, in vitro digestibility methods usually use N-rich environments for the degradation of single foods. This conventional approach may give data which do not reflect the nutritive value of the N-deficient diets often on offer in LDCS, neither is it appropriate for using in vitro gas production to study protein supplementation. Our earlier study indicated that, by using a N-free medium, the gas production technique responded to added ammonium sulphate and urea. The ADAS standardized methodology, which used 10 ml of inoculum instead of the 5 ml used in the earlier study, was found not to be very responsive to N supplementation. The ADAS methodology was therefore investigated in order to develop a modified protocol for fermenting foods in an N-limited environment. The study involved using inocula diluted to different extents in N-free medium for fermenting N-deficient substrates in N-free and N-rich media. The modified protocol was then used for investigating the interactions between N-rich and N-deficient foods from north-west India.

scholarly journals Estimation of availability and distribution of browse species and number of small ruminant animals among farmers in selected communities of Nsukka Area of Enugu State.

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
C. C. Onyeonagu ◽  
J. E. Asiegbu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Enugu State

A study of browse plants in Nsukka rural communities was conducted between February and March 2005. Structured questionnaires were administered to farmers in four communities in Nsukka Local Government Area. Twenty (20) browse species belonging to 14 families were identified. All the sampled respondents kept sheep and/or goats and depend on the natural pasture as the main source of browse plants for the animals. Fifty five per cent (55.0%) of the farmers sampled practised stall feeding while 45.0% of the respondents left the farm animals to roam and graze, especially during the dry season after crop harvests. The mean stock number per farmer in this study was 4.9 for goats and 1.0 for sheep with the highest numbers being in the Eha-Alumona community. In Obukpa community, sheep did not feature significantly. Species in the families of Bignonaceae, Chrysobalinaceae, Fabaceae, and Moraceae, are common in all the communities. The family of Moraceae has the largest number of commonly utilized browse plants.

316 DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF OOCYTES SELECTED BY THE BRILLIANT CRESYL BLUE STAINING IN PREPUBERTAL AND ADULT CATTLE

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tagawa ◽  
S. Matoba ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
K. Metoki ◽  
K. Imai
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Brilliant Cresyl Blue ◽  
Cresyl Blue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Transvaginal ultrasound guided ovum pickup (OPU) can be carried out repeatedly not only in adult cows but also in prepubertal calves. Moreover, recently the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining has been used successfully to select oocytes homologous stained with BCB as an indirect measure of oocyte growth for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in several farm animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BCB staining on the selection of developmentally competent oocytes, collected from cows and calves by OPU, before in vitro maturation by assessing the embryonic development to the blastocyst stage after IVM/IVF. OPU was performed once weekly for a period of 7 weeks on Japanese Black prepubertal calves (9 months old, n = 4) and adult cows (n = 4) without gonadotropin stimulation. Calf and cow oocytes with homogeneous cytoplasm were exposed to 26 �M BCB for 90 min and classified according to their cytoplasmic coloration: blue coloration (BCB+) or colorless (BCB-). Classified oocytes were then matured for 20 h in TCM-199 supplemented with 5% calf serum (CS). Matured oocytes were inseminated with Percoll-separated spermatozoa (3 � 106 mL) for 6 h in BO solution supplemented with 5 mM hypotaurine and 2 U mL-1 heparin. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in CR1aa supplemented with 5% CS for 8 days. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test. The mean (± SEM) percentage of oocytes classified as BCB+ in calves was significantly lower than that in cows (34.4 ± 2.9% and 69.2 ± 2.1%, respectively; P < 0.01). In cows, BCB+ oocytes showed significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst formation percentages (72.5% and 42.4%, respectively) than those of BCB− oocytes (47.0% and 13.0%, respectively). In contrast, in calves there were no significant differences in cleavage and blastocyst formation percentages between BCB+ oocytes (56.9% and 25.3%, respectively) and BCB− oocytes (65.4% and 22.4%, respectively). The mean (± SEM) numbers of usable oocytes and blastocysts obtained per calf (19.0 ± 1.5 and 4.5 ± 0.6, respectively) were similar to those obtained per cow (16.4 ± 1.1 and 5.2 ± 0.6, respectively). No significant difference was observed in the numbers between calves and cows. These results indicate that the selection of developmentally competent oocytes before IVM/IVF, using the BCB staining, was effective for cow oocytes but not for calf oocytes, and that blastocysts could be produced by OPU-IVF of oocytes from 9-month-old prepubertal calves at an efficiency equivalent to that achieved from adult cows.

scholarly journals IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF RANGE FORAGE PLANTS OF THE FESTUCA SCABRELLA ASSOCIATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Bezeau ◽  
A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Regional Adaptation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Digestible Protein

The in vitro digestibility of cellulose was determined for 20 grasses, 6 f orbs, and 6 miscellaneous browse species of the Festuca scabrella association of southwestern Alberta. From this was calculated the "Nutritive Value Index" (N.V.I.) and percentage of digestible protein. The mean N.V.I. and the mean digestible protein of the four cultivated grasses, Bromus inermis, Elymus junceus, Festuca rubra, and Phleum pratense, at each stage of growth, was higher than the respective mean of the native species of grasses. However, Bromus pumpellianus, a native species, had a higher mean N.V.I. for all stages of growth than any of the other grasses studied. The forbs as a class were equal or superior to the grasses in N.V.I. and percentage of digestible protein. It is suggested that other factors such as palatability, toxicity, and regional adaptation should be considered before a species is adequately evaluated as a range forage.

scholarly journals Direct, indirect and simultaneous selection as strategies for alfalfa breeding on forage yield and nutritive value

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Moysés Nascimento ◽  
Renato Domiciano Silva Rosado ◽  
Reinaldo de Paula Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Trait Improvement ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Alfalfa breeding aimed at trait improvement for livestock feed takes longer periods of time, if compared to many other crops. Therefore, better selection methods are necessary for the success of alfalfa breeding programs. Although knowing about selection methods is quite important, there is a notable lack of information, as regards successful solutions. This study aimed to use direct, indirect and simultaneous selection methods for selecting alfalfa cultivars, based on yield traits and nutritive value. The evaluated traits were subdivided into two groups: forage yield and nutritive value. Selection gains were estimated by direct, indirect and simultaneous selection for each group, considering the selection of the 25 % best cultivars. Direct and indirect selections among genotype averages are not efficient to provide the desirable responses to the whole set of traits. The results for simultaneous selection, using the Tai index, provided a more balanced gain distribution to the set of traits in all cuts. The simultaneous selection allowed the identification of the 5681 and Verdor cultivars in the first cut, as well as ProINTA Patricia in the second cut, as superior in the two groups of evaluated traits.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic parameters and selection of Brachiaria humidicola progenies using a selection index

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisses José de Figueiredo ◽  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic and nutritive value traits for leaves and stems of Brachiaria humidicola progenies and to compare the selection using an additive index considering the agronomic traits alone or combined with the main nutritive value traits. Fifty progenies of the cross cv. BRS Tupi x H31 were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with eight replications. The forage was cut seven times, at intervals of 30 - 35 days in the rainy season and two intervals of 60 days in the dry season. Trait variability among the progenies was confirmed. The mean progeny heritability ranged from 49.14% to 75.56% for the agronomic and from 19.59% to 71.11% for nutritive value traits. Nine of the ten best lines coincided in the selection for agronomic traits alone and in the selection including the main traits of nutritive value.

Der Sommer und Herbst 2003 aus phänologischer Sicht | Summer and autumn 2003 from a phenological point of view

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Record ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of

The record-breaking heatwave of 2003 also had an impact on the vegetation in Switzerland. To examine its influences seven phenological late spring and summer phases were evaluated together with six phases in the autumn from a selection of stations. 30% of the 122 chosen phenological time series in late spring and summer phases set a new record (earliest arrival). The proportion of very early arrivals is very high and the mean deviation from the norm is between 10 and 20 days. The situation was less extreme in autumn, where 20% of the 103 time series chosen set a new record. The majority of the phenological arrivals were found in the class «normal» but the class«very early» is still well represented. The mean precocity lies between five and twenty days. As far as the leaf shedding of the beech is concerned, there was even a slight delay of around six days. The evaluation serves to show that the heatwave of 2003 strongly influenced the phenological events of summer and spring.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

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