scholarly journals Hybrid Vigor for Alkaloid Contents in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yazici ◽  
G. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Alkaloid Contents ◽  
Morphine Content

This study aimed to determine suitable opium poppy hybrids over mid parent, better parent and standart check levels in alkaloid ratios. In the study, 36 hybrids were evaluated derived from nine varieties. The experiment was carried out in four replications in randomized block design in 2016 and 2017. Heterosis over mid parent values ranged from -4.91% to 65.43% for morphine, -76.91% to 278.05% for thebaine, -68.97% to 180.91% for noscapine, -53.60% to 150.45% for codeine, -93.55% to 289.61% for oripavine and -78.69% to 285.94% for papaverine. In the result study of 34 crosses recorded positive heterosis over mid parent for morphine content followed by 24 for thebaine, 23 for noscapine, 26 for codeine, 22 for oripavine and 15 for papaverine.

scholarly journals Selection of Coffea canephora parents from the botanical varieties Conilon and Robusta for the production of intervarietal hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilane Nicolino Lamarão de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽  
Fábio Medeiros Ferreira ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
André Rostand Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Botanical Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to quantify the genetic divergence of potential Coffea canephora parents, with the goal of developing progenies that associate the best traits of the Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties for hybrid vigor expression. Thus, 10 morphological and productive characteristics of 130 clones of Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties and their intervarietal hybrids were evaluated over 2 years. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates of four plants per plot. For selection of parents, the main component analysis was used to associate values with reference points obtained from the average of each botanical variety. The first two principal components allowed for the separation of the botanical varieties representing the variability contained in the original data with 76% for the first year and 69% for the second year. Although, the genotype × years interaction had significant effects, there were minor differences in the grouping from one year to the next, which is associated with the higher repeatability estimates observed in this study. It was observed that crosses with the 16-1-81I, 9-1-82L, and 13-1-61I parents of the botanical variety Robusta and the 167I, 890E, and 130I parents of the Conilon botanical variety presented greater potential for obtaining selection gains.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GROWTH, YIELD AND PHYTOSTEROL OF SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L. AND MEDICAL PUMPKIN (Cucurbita pepo) AND THEIR HYBRID

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-684
Author(s):  
Elias & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Specific Hybrid ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Landscape Gardening

This study was aimed to investigate,growth,yield and phytosterol of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. , medical pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo subsp.) and thier hybrids.The study included crossing among 15 pure lines of squash and medical pumpkin . pepo var. styriaca during fall season 2013 at  greenhouse during spring 2014 the genotypes of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. The genotypes (medical pumpkin ST + 9 parents of squash, crosses with medical pumpkin + 11 specific hybrid) were planted at the open field. The layout of the experiment was completely randomized block design. The results showed significant differences among genotypes in the studied traits. The parents ST, E1, E3, E6, K3 and K7 showed superiority when compared to other parents in vegetative and flowering growth, earliness of maturity, yield and phytosterol. Hybrids  ST1 × E, H × ST1, K × ST3, K7 × ST, E6 × ST and MR × ST were significantly superiored to other hybrids in the studied characters and had highest positive and significant hybrid vigor.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis in Chilli (Capsicum Annum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddappa S Chhabra ◽  
M Ravindra ◽  
E Shashikanth
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis

Twenty four crosses were developed by crossing three male sterile lines with each of eight testers to study the combining ability. Crosses were evaluated along with the parents in randomized block design with two replications. Results indicated that female line KCMS-44 and tester AL were identified as good general combiners for earliness and green fruit yield per hectare. The KCMS-44 × AL was best specific cross for green fruit yield per hectare on the basis of specific combining ability effects. This study suggested the exploitation of hybrid vigor in chilli.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON HETEROSIS FOR YIELD IN BRINJAL (Solanum melongena. L)

1970 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
G. KALAIYARASI, S. RANJITH RAJA RAM, K. R. SARAVANAN
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Standard Heterosis ◽  
Selection Of

Heterosis breeding is one of the most efficient tools to exploit the heterotic response for various useful traits. The Line × Tester mating design was undertaken with seven lines and three testers were evaluated along with twenty one hybrids in randomized block design to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for yield and its yield contributing characters. The best way to utilize heterosis in crop is to generate F1 hybrids having maximum heterozygocity, thereby facilitating the identification and selection of hybrid vigor. The positive significant standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant was maximum with L3 × T1 (28.94%) followed by L7 × T3 (15.73%) and L7 × T1 (15.10%) respectively. Some of the promising hybrids have showed desirable heterosis for plant height, number of fruits per plant,1000 seed weight, seedling shoot length, seedling root length and seedling dry weight.

scholarly journals Heterosis and inbreeding depression to identify superior F1 hybrids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for the yield and its contributing traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Diverse Origin ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Eight parental lines of diverse origin of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were crossed in 8 × 8 diallel mating design excluding reciprocals. The 28 F1 hybrids along with their parents and one standard check (H-86) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications during seasons of rabi 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. In the present study, revealed that heterosis over better parent, mid parent, standard check and inbreeding depression was observed for all the traits under studies. Highly significant heterosis was observed for days to first flowering (-13.49, -13.52 and -12.28%), number of flowers per cluster (17.90, 22.11 and 24.27%), days to first harvest (-8.01, -11.04 and -9.76%), number of fruit per cluster (39.17, 42.71 and 20.71%), fruit diameter (19.93, 31.43 and 13.27%), fruit length (19.29, 22.34 and 13.35%), Average fruit weight (18.88, 19.41 and 7.80%), number of fruits per plant (25.86, 46.69 and 41.87%) and yield per plant (58.61, 75.61 and 56.33%) over the better, mid and standard parents, respectively along with considerable inbreeding depression. Most promising cross Pant T-3 × H-24 showed highly significant positive heterosis over better parent for yield per plant.

scholarly journals Efficacy of weed control for opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) with a mixture of tembotrione and fluroxypyr

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Marek Wójtowicz ◽  
Andrzej Wójtowicz ◽  
Franciszek Wielebski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Agronomic Conditions ◽  
Morphine Content

Abstract The study was carried out in the years 2013 and 2014 at the Łagiewniki farm to determine the effect of some herbicides on the yield and development of two opium poppy cultivars: ‘Lazur’ - with high morphine content, and ‘Borowski Biały’ - with low morphine content. The development and yield of the poppy was a derivative of environmental and agronomic conditions. The mixture of tembotrione and fluroxypyr applied post-emergence at a rate of 88 and 75 g a.i. · ha−1, respectively, effectively controlled most weeds which are harmful for the poppy and did not phytotoxically affect opium poppy plants. The level of yield also depended on the cultivar’s ability to grow under unfavourable weather conditions. A lower yield was noted for the cultivar with a lower content of morphine - ‘Borowski Biały’.

scholarly journals Alkaloid diversity in relation to breeding for specifi c alkaloids in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shukla ◽  
H.K. Yadav ◽  
A. Rastogi ◽  
B.K. Mishra ◽  
S.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Variation Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Morphine Content

Papaver somniferum is a chief source of diverse physiologically active alkaloids, required by the pharmaceutical industry. The present study describes the diversity of the alkaloid spectrum of 122 opium poppy accessions of Indian origin by means of a cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis generalised distances. The accessions could be grouped into 11 clusters according to their relationship between the contents of morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine in raw opium. The diversity of the alkaloid spectrum of 11 clusters reflected the very low correlations between the contents of the individual alkaloids across the 122 entries, found earlier. The clusters represented almost all possible combinations of the high content of an alkaloid with high or low content of another alkaloid. Although on average the morphine content exceeds the sum of the other four alkaloids, in one cluster the narcotine content (15.3%) was even higher than that of morphine (14.6%) and the content of the remaining alkaloids was also extremely high. The variation range among the clusters was for papaverine between 0.14% to 5.3%, while for morphine between 12.4% to 18.0%. The results indicate a large space for the breeding of opium poppy for individual alkaloids or particular combinations of alkaloids, as required by pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals ​Genetic Diversity for Seed Yield and its Components in Clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina M. Makwana ◽  
P.R. Patel ◽  
D.G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Gum Content

Background: Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] (2n=2x=14) is an under exploited legume belonging to family fabaceae. Clusterbean is a versatile legume crop cultivated mostly as animal feed, green manure green leaves as fodder, vegetable and cover crop. Clusterbean is a drought resistant, hardy, deep rooted annual legume crop. D2 statistics provides a measure of magnitude for divergence between two genotypes under comparison. For broadening the genetic base of cultivars, the genetic diversity present in cultivated and wild relatives must be explored. Generally, diverse germplasms are expected to give high hybrid vigor and hence, it necessitates studying genetic divergence among the existing varieties and genotypes for the identification of parents for hybridization programme. Methods: The present investigation was undertaken to study genetic variability in clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub] with using a set of 40 genotypes at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2019 in randomized block design with four replications. Mahalanobis (1928) D2 statistic was used for assessing the genetic divergence between different populations. Grouping of the genotypes in different clusters was done by using Tocher’s method. The inter-cluster distance was calculated by measuring the distance between clusters I and cluster II, between clusters I and cluster III, between clusters II and cluster III and so on. Likewise, one by one cluster was taken and their distances from other clusters were calculated. Result: The genetic diversity analysis revealed the formation of nine clusters suggested the presence of considerable genetic diversity among the 40 genotypes. The clustering pattern indicated that geographic diversity was not associated with genetic diversity. The analysis of per cent contribution of various characters towards the expression of total genetic divergence indicated that, the number of branches per plant followed by gum content, days to maturity, days to flowering contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. On the basis of inter cluster distances, cluster IX was found to be more divergent. Therefore, it was concluded that the genotypes belonging to these cluster should be inter crossed in order to generate more variability.

scholarly journals Breeding for improving fibre yield and green biomass in sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
D Kumar ◽  
MK Tripathi ◽  
SK Sarkar ◽  
Arpita Das ◽  
Sanjoy Shill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Fifteen genetically diverse parental genotypes of sunnhemp belonging to different geographical origin were assessed to evaluate general and specific combining ability of parents and cross combinations, respectively, for selecting the superior parent combination. For this, fifteen parents and their 105 F1s were grown in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and data were collected in respect of plant height, base diameter, green weight, fibre weight, stick weight and fibre percentage. Analyses of variances of diallel revealed that there was predominance of specific combining ability (sca) in almost all the characters except fibre percentage and general combining ability (gca) was significant only in case of plant height. From the gca effect of parents it can be seen that K-12 (B) and SUIN-056 showed good promise as general combiners and able to produce better cross combinations. However only one cross combination viz. SUIN–056 × SUIN–074 was recorded positive sca effects for all the characters. This cross combination along with SUIN–001 × SUIN–056 exhibited positive heterosis over the better parents in all the characters studied and can be used in breeding programme for producing improved sunnhemp population. Further, to exploit fully both additive and nonadditive variances present in this population, random as well as chain crossing among the promising crosses was found effective to exploit both additive and fixable epistatic effects. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 369-376, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12080 

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