scholarly journals Sources for the breeding of soft spring wheat in the conditions of Novosibirsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Piskarev ◽  
E. V. Zuev ◽  
A. N. Brykova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Point System ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The sources were identified among collection samples characterized by highly pronounced economic and valuable features, which allows new geographically remote source material to be taken to the regional breeding practices. This research aims to assess the agronomic traits (duration of the growing period, lodging resistance and plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain weight and yield) in soft spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. Estimation was carried out by a 9-point system of expression of the trait during the study, which allows identifying samples with the greatest expression of the trait in the years of study with respect to the average experience. 5439 samples have been studied over 28 years, with 1106 of them, over two years or more. The study was carried out according to the methods of VIR on plots of 2 m2. It was shown that the samples mainly had no correlation between the yield and the duration of the growing period, while the average dependence (г = 0.6) was revealed between the yield and the height of the plants. Varieties forming the intermediate (4.5-5 points) and above average (6-7) yield in a short growing period (69-85 days) were identified (Lutescens 675, Irkut-skaya 49, Simbirca, Hybrid F3 S-141, Hybrid F4, Hybrid F3 S-289 and Hybrid F4 S-2300 and Pamyati Vavenko-va). A high average score (8.6-9) at 1000 grains weight was shown for 16 varieties with variation from 37 g (N43 and IAO-9) to 56 g (Hofed 1). A high average score (8-9) in the evaluation of grain weight was shown for Pamyati Leont'eva, Ekada 70, Simbirtsit, Don Jose, Yong-Liang 4 and Long-Mai 11, which formed ears with an average weight from 0.96 to 2.30 g. A consistently high score (9) reflecting the yield was in the varieties Condestavel, PF 843025, Prilenskaya 19, Pamyati Leont'eva, Omskaya Krasa.

scholarly journals Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum Berk. with applications for wheat breeding were studied. Ultrastructure of interactions was studied using electron microscopic techniques. Following inoculation, conidia of S. nodorum germinate, form appressoria anda penetration peg which directly penetrates through the cell walls. It is suggested that most penetration attempts fail because of cellular defence reactions, formation of papillae and cell wall alterations. Inoculation with low spore concentration reduced grain yield of Hankkija’s Taava cultivar by 10 % and 1000-grain weight by 14 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on large plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 32 % and 1000-grain weight by 18 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on normal breeding plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 35 % and 1000-grain weight by 21 % and the grain yield of Kadett cultivar by 27 % and 1000-grain weight by 20 %. Inheritance studies on F2 progenies of spring wheat crosses involving susceptible and moderately or highly resistant parents suggest that heredity component of symptom expression is moderate level and breeding success depends mainly on efficient screening techniques. Resistance was associated with tallness in crosses, and cultivar trials suggest that resistance is positively associated with late maturation time. Field screening techniques based on small plots and artificial inoculation showed that the most resistant entries were wild Triticum species and late and tall cultivars. Seedling plant tests based on attached seedling leaves and detached leaves revealed easily the most resistant and most susceptible cultivars. The overall correlation between seedling tests and field tests was quite high. The results are discussed in relation to wheat breeding strategies for resistance to S. nodorum.

scholarly journals Variability of Winter Wheat Quality Features in Northern Trans-Urals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Volkova ◽  
Raisa I. Belkina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Growing Environment ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
Grain Unit ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions on the basis of the Agrotechnological Institute of Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University. The studies include 5 varieties of winter wheat grown in 2009-2011 in three agroclimatic zones of Tyumen Region: sub-regional (Nizhnetavdinsky state crop testing site), northern forest steppe (Yalutorovsky state crop testing site), southern forest steppe (Berduzhsky state crop testing site). Bashkirskaya variety – 10 (45 g) demonstrated the highest potential in the formation of a 1000 grain weight. The same variety has the highest range of variability (11.7 g) and the variability coefficient (10.9%) indicates average variability. Other varieties showed minor variability of characteristic (V = 8.7-9.9%). Winter wheat varieties varied in terms of average hardness, at the same time the level of values of all varieties (66-77%) corresponded to the standards of high classes according to GOST. Novosibirskayaaya 32 (61-93%) and Bashkirskaya 10 (60-86%) varieties were the most stable in forming the required value of characteristic. The average gluten content in a grain of winter wheat varieties was corresponded to the standards of the third class according to GOST. Novosibirskaya 32 variety (V = 8.5%) had minor variability of the characteristic, while other varieties demonstrated the average variability. A significant proportion of the effect of the “variety” factor on the variability of such features as a 1000 grain weight (56.5%), grain-unit (50.5%) and hardness (45.1%) was established. The amount of gluten depended more on the growing environment (35.5%) and interaction of factors (39.3%). The quality of gluten was much influenced by the growing environment (52.2%).

scholarly journals Effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici) on spring wheat in Finland

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Oiva Nissinen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In 1970–72 the effect of powdery mildew on Finnish spring wheats with different field resistance was studied. For the mildew control 1 kg/ha Karathane WD (22.5 % Dinocap) was used. These investigations showed that mildew control increased grain yields in susceptible varieties by 2.4 to 6.6 %. The 1000-grain weight increased by 2.2 to 5.3 %, respectively. On the more field resistant spring wheats mildew control had no particular effect. Mildew control evened out the relative yield differences between the varieties. The paper includes notes on the occurrence of mildew in Finland while the need for resistance breeding is also discussed.

scholarly journals THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Chowdhry ◽  
Ihsan Khaliq ◽  
Masahiko Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advance are important for the prediction of response to selection in diverse environments and provide the basis for planning and evaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritance of traits related to drought in wheat under natural drought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produce F1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomized completed block design with three replications at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/lines and six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritability and genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data were collected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritability estimates and expected genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire cross combinations while the estimates for spike length and number of grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest that improvement for these characters should be faster because of higher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospects of genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident. The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26S and WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attention in future breeding programs for evolving better wheat for stress environments. <br /><br />

scholarly journals Susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk.

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Screening techniques for detecting the susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk. were studied in trials carried out in southern Finland. Small screening plots were artificially inoculated with the pathogen and subsequent observations showed that the early cultivars Apu, Ulla, Hja 21600 and the late cultivar Tähti were the most susceptible. The rank correlation between field assessments from naturally infected plots and assessment from artificially inoculated small screening plots was moderately high. The correlations between 1000 grain weight and disease severity were negatively significant in some susceptible cultivars, but also in some resistant cultivars A weak positive correlation between 1000 grain weight and disease severity was observed in some resistant and also in some susceptible varieties. Although our results do not show consistent trends we conclude that the use of small screening plots is an effective means of detecting differences in symptom expression among breeding lines and cultivars.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE VARIETIES WITH DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ORIGIN ACCORDING TO THEIR MAIN TRAITS AND PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Kameneva ◽  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
T. S. Makarova ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
High Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The article presents the results of productivity and grain quality of 47 winter durum wheat varieties of various ecological origin studied in 2016–2018. All studied samples belong to semi-dwarf and dwarf forms (height of 61–105 cm). Semi-dwarf forms possessed high lodging resistance (3.9 points). The grain harvest of the main part (89.3%) of the samples ranged from 8.41 to 9.65 t/ha in the environmental test. Only three varieties (“Lazurit”, “Agat Donskoy”, “Andromeda”) in the winter durum wheat trial are characterized with high yields ranging from 9.65–10.0 t/ha. The yield of the standard variety of “Khristella” was 9.03 t / ha on average in 2016- 2018. The varieties “Kondor” (116.8%), “Zolotko” (123.0%), “Afina” (126.9%) showed high frost tolerance of the plants through the years of research, in comparison with the standard variety “Donchanka” (100%). In the ecological test the main part (68%) of winter durum wheat varieties possessed large grain. “1000-grain weight” was more than 40 g: “Amazon” (42.9 g), “Lazurit” (47.7 g), “Diona” (42.1 g), “Alyi Parus” (43.7 g), “Dnepryana” (45.4 g), “Krupinka” (46.9 g), etc. The studied samples had high percentage of protein (13.6–15.1%), gluten (22.8–27.0%), SDS-sedimentation (30–45 ml), carotenoids (468–779 μg/%), nature weight (777.0–819.0 g/l), kernel hardness (85–98%). The technical and culinary qualities of the pasta made from the main part of the samples were evaluated as excellent (the varieties “Donchanka”, “Oniks”, “Kiprida”, “Atoll”, “Kermen”, “Winter Gold”, etc.) and as good (the varieties “Teya”, “Eirena”, “Lazurit”, “Diona”, “Alyi Parus”, “Krupinka”, “Afina”, etc.).

scholarly journals Influence of irrigation mode on winter wheat production and moisture changes of wheat fields under extreme rainfall patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Li ◽  
Ni Song ◽  
Xiaojun Shen ◽  
Jingsheng Sun ◽  
Hongkai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Population Difference ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

This work studied the effect of irrigation measures on water changes and crop growth in wheat fields during extreme drought years with rainfall of only 47.7 mm during the wheat growth period. Field investigation was carried out in the low plains of Hebei Province. In the experiment, six water-saving wheat varieties were used, and five irrigation levels (0 mm, 75 mm, 150 mm, 225 mm and 300 mm designated as T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were set in the spring. Results showed that wheat yield ranged from 70.5 kg/hm2 to 7053.0 kg/hm2. With the increase in irrigation times, yield level gradually increased and was highest under the T4 treatment. The effect of irrigation mode on panicle number was different from that on yield. The T0 treatment group had the smallest panicle number, whereas the other treatment groups showed slight differences and no discernible trend. The range of 1000-grain weight of different varieties of wheat was 33.36–46.68 g. Except for the T0 treatment, all other treatments increased with the increase in irrigation times. The difference between panicle and grain number was irregular and related to varieties. When population difference was large, yield was related to population size. When the population difference was small, yield was correlated with 1000-grain weight. From the perspective of soil water changes, in the late growth stage, the water content of deep soil under T0 and T4 treatments was higher, whereas that under T1 and T2 treatments was lower. This result indicated that T1 and T2 irrigation modes were conducive for the full utilisation of water in deep soil and were efficient water use modes. T1 and T2 were water saving irrigation models in this study. These conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the selection of irrigation patterns for wheat cultivation during spring.

INDUCED POLYGENIC VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SPRING WHEAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Singh ◽  
G. S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Gene action in relation to yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike was studied in 9 × 9 diallel F1 and F2 populations derived separately from nine elite diverse normal and EMS treated spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell.). Some additive and all dominance components were significant for the three characters, their relative proportions varied from character to character. Preponderance of additive gene action was revealed for 1000-grain weight, whereas prevalence of nonadditive gene action was noted for grain yield and number of grains per spike. The magnitude of the additive component increased considerably in EMS treated F2 populations for 1000-grain weight and grain yield, whereas the EMS treatment increased the proportion of nonadditive components for number of grains per spike. Breeding plans which may effectively exploit both additive and nonadditive components of variances for evolving superior breeding populations of spring wheat have been suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Dwarfing Gene Ddw1 on Height and Agronomic Traits in Spring Triticale in Greenhouse and Field Experiments in a Non-Black Earth Region of Russia

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kroupin ◽  
Anastasiya Chernook ◽  
Gennady Karlov ◽  
Alexander Soloviev ◽  
Mikhail Divashuk
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
New Crop

Triticale is a relatively new crop which still possesses serious drawbacks that can be significantly improved by breeding. The dwarfing genes proved to be very useful in the development of new lodging resistant and productive cultivars of winter triticale. The aim of our research was to assess the effect of the Ddw1 dwarfing gene from rye on the agronomic valuable traits in spring triticale. The Ddw1 effect was studied in the greenhouse experiment in segregating the F2:3 population and in the field of F3:4 and F4:5 families derived from crossing winter triticale ‘Hongor’ (Ddw1Ddw1) and spring triticale ‘Dublet’ (ddw1ddw1). As a result, in all three generations, a strong decrease in plant height was demonstrated that was accompanied by a decrease in grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight. In field experiments, a decrease in spike length and increase in spike density and delay in flowering and heading were observed. As a result of decrease in culm vegetative weight due to Ddw1, the harvest index measured in F4:5 increased. The spike fertility and number of grains were not affected by Ddw1. The comparison of Ddw1 in rye, winter, and spring triticale, and the possible role of Ddw1 in improving spring triticale are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Data from two experiments was analysed in order to determine the effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on the yield of spring wheat. In the first experiment the cultivar Hankkija’s Taava was artificially inoculated with low spore concentration suspensions of S. nodorum. The resulting disease reduced grain yield by 10%, 1000-grain weight by 14%, and hectorlitre weight by 5.7 %. An examination of the ears from the main stems revealed that the pathogen induced a reduction in all yield components but especially in grain number/ear and grain weight. In the second experiment a total of 28 cultivars or lines were studied and the correlation between grain yield/ear and disease severity was found to be negative but low. No consistent trend among the correlations was seen and some susceptible cultivars suffered only slightly from the disease while other fairly resistant cultivars showed great losses. The results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and potential disease tolerance in wheat.

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