scholarly journals Cosmic Implications of Tresino Formation: A Narrated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
Frederick J Mayer

Tresino formation plays an important role in determining the composition of the universe from late in the early Universe until now. This letter presents a simplified version of our Baryon Phase Transition cosmology to clarify how the composition evolved to become what it is.

Author(s):  
Abraham Loeb ◽  
Steven R. Furlanetto

This chapter considers the emergence of the complex chemical and radiative processes during the first stages of galaxy formation. It studies the appearance of the first stars, their feedback processes, and the resulting ionization structures that emerged during and shortly after the cosmic dawn. The formation of the first stars tens or hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang had marked a crucial transition in the early Universe. Before this point, the Universe was elegantly described by a small number of parameters. But as soon as the first stars formed, more complex processes entered the scene. To illustrate this, the chapter provides a brief outline of the prevailing (though observationally untested) theory for this cosmological phase transition.


2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (02n06) ◽  
pp. 374-383
Author(s):  
W-Y. PAUCHY HWANG

Our universe expands and cools. The electroweak (EW) phase transition, which endows masses to the various particles, and QCD phase transition, which gives rise to confinement of quarks and gluons within hadrons in the true QCD vacuum, Would presumably have taken place in the early universe, respectively, at around 10-11 sec and at a time between 10-5 sec and 10-4 sec, or at the temperature of about 300 GeV and of about 150 MeV, respectively. It is clear that the nucleon mass [Formula: see text], the axial coupling [Formula: see text], and other nucleon parameters evolve as the universe evolves, thereby serving as an important gauge for understanding the state of the Universe.


1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-658
Author(s):  
K. Sato

In recent years, the research on the very early universe has shown quite remarkable developments. As is well known, this development was brought about by the introduction of the Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) into cosmology. These theories have not only enabled us to trace the evolution of the Universe back to the very early stage at temperatures of 1016 GeV or higher, but also introduced various new aspects into cosmology, such as baryogenesis, phase transitions and topological defects (monopoles, etc.). In particular, inflation, which grew out of the study of GUT phase transition, is the most important and fascinating outcome.


2005 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
Ashok. Goyal ◽  
Deepak. Chandra

We study the dynamics of first-order phase transition in the early Universe when it was 10 −50μs old with quarks and gluons condensing into hadrons. We look at the evolution of the Universe in small as well as large super cooling scenario.


1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURAT ÖZER

We attempt to treat the very early Universe according to quantum mechanics. Identifying the scale factor of the Universe with the width of the wave packet associated with it, we show that there cannot be an initial singularity and that the Universe expands. Invoking the correspondence principle, we obtain the scale factor of the Universe and demonstrate that the causality problem of the standard model is solved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Baum ◽  
Marcela Carena ◽  
Nausheen R. Shah ◽  
Carlos E. M. Wagner ◽  
Yikun Wang

Abstract Electroweak baryogenesis is an attractive mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via a strong first order electroweak phase transition. We compare the phase transition patterns suggested by the vacuum structure at the critical temperatures, at which local minima are degenerate, with those obtained from computing the probability for nucleation via tunneling through the barrier separating local minima. Heuristically, nucleation becomes difficult if the barrier between the local minima is too high, or if the distance (in field space) between the minima is too large. As an example of a model exhibiting such behavior, we study the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, whose scalar sector contains two SU(2) doublets and one gauge singlet. We find that the calculation of the nucleation probabilities prefers different regions of parameter space for a strong first order electroweak phase transition than the calculation based solely on the critical temperatures. Our results demonstrate that analyzing only the vacuum structure via the critical temperatures can provide a misleading picture of the phase transition patterns, and, in turn, of the parameter space suitable for electroweak baryogenesis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Calibbi ◽  
Francesco D’Eramo ◽  
Sam Junius ◽  
Laura Lopez-Honorez ◽  
Alberto Mariotti

Abstract Displaced vertices at colliders, arising from the production and decay of long-lived particles, probe dark matter candidates produced via freeze-in. If one assumes a standard cosmological history, these decays happen inside the detector only if the dark matter is very light because of the relic density constraint. Here, we argue how displaced events could very well point to freeze-in within a non-standard early universe history. Focusing on the cosmology of inflationary reheating, we explore the interplay between the reheating temperature and collider signatures for minimal freeze-in scenarios. Observing displaced events at the LHC would allow to set an upper bound on the reheating temperature and, in general, to gather indirect information on the early history of the universe.


Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid Mughal ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Juan Luis García Guirao

In this review article, the study of the development of relativistic cosmology and the introduction of inflation in it as an exponentially expanding early phase of the universe is carried out. We study the properties of the standard cosmological model developed in the framework of relativistic cosmology and the geometric structure of spacetime connected coherently with it. The geometric properties of space and spacetime ingrained into the standard model of cosmology are investigated in addition. The big bang model of the beginning of the universe is based on the standard model which succumbed to failure in explaining the flatness and the large-scale homogeneity of the universe as demonstrated by observational evidence. These cosmological problems were resolved by introducing a brief acceleratedly expanding phase in the very early universe known as inflation. The cosmic inflation by setting the initial conditions of the standard big bang model resolves these problems of the theory. We discuss how the inflationary paradigm solves these problems by proposing the fast expansion period in the early universe. Further inflation and dark energy in fR modified gravity are also reviewed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Sobolev

AbstractThe gravitational equations were derived in general relativity (GR) using the assumption of their covariance relative to arbitrary transformations of coordinates. It has been repeatedly expressed an opinion over the past century that such equality of all coordinate systems may not correspond to reality. Nevertheless, no actual verification of the necessity of this assumption has been made to date. The paper proposes a theory of gravity with a constraint, the degenerate variants of which are general relativity (GR) and the unimodular theory of gravity. This constraint is interpreted from a physical point of view as a sufficient condition for the adiabaticity of the process of the evolution of the space–time metric. The original equations of the theory of gravity with the constraint are formulated. On this basis, a unified model of the evolution of the modern, early, and very early Universe is constructed that is consistent with the observational astronomical data but does not require the hypotheses of the existence of dark energy, dark matter or inflatons. It is claimed that: physical time is anisotropic, the gravitational field is the main source of energy of the Universe, the maximum global energy density in the Universe was 64 orders of magnitude smaller the Planckian one, and the entropy density is 18 orders of magnitude higher the value predicted by GR. The value of the relative density of neutrinos at the present time and the maximum temperature of matter in the early Universe are calculated. The wave equation of the gravitational field is formulated, its solution is found, and the nonstationary wave function of the very early Universe is constructed. It is shown that the birth of the Universe was random.


1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
E Saar

Implications of the observed large scale structure on the physics of the early universe are described. A short review of Soviet work on the subject is given, and the present status of the fractal model of the large scale structure is discussed.


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