scholarly journals Study on the Application of Expressway Construction Based on Sponge City Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Yuanzhi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Expressway Construction ◽  
Engineering Projects

<p>Currently, in the active trial stage, sponge city concept has been applied in many low-impact development facilities on expressways in China, but many applications are not widely used. From four angles of pavement, slope, interchange and service area of expressway, this paper explains the adverse effects brought by rainwater, and then gives, and it carries out scene analysis combined with actual engineering projects with some feasible application schemes. Finally, the concept of sponge city at present is summarized, and it is considered that the optimal planning and design can be made only after establishing a reliable mathematical model and carrying out quantitative analysis.</p>

The Influence of Specimen Thickness in Quantitative Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The application of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to light element analysis is rapidly becoming an important aspect of the microcharacterization of solids in materials science, however relatively stringent requirements exist on the specimen thickness under which one can obtain EELS data due to the adverse effects of multiple inelastic scattering.1,2 This study was initiated to determine the limitations on quantitative analysis of EELS data due to specimen thickness.

scholarly journals A mathematical modeling approach to risk assessment for normal and anemic women chronically exposed to carbon monoxide from biomass-fueled cookstoves

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene N. Bruce ◽  
Margaret C. Bruce ◽  
Kinnera Erupaka-Chada
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Physiologic Responses ◽  
Significant Health

In developing countries, the chronic exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) from biomass-fueled cookstoves may pose a significant health risk for women who use these stoves, especially for those with underlying clinical conditions that impair tissue oxygenation, e.g., anemia and coronary artery disease. CO concentrations measured in the vicinity of these cookstoves often exceed World Health Organization (WHO) indoor air guidelines for an 8-h average (9 ppm) and a 1-h maximum (26 ppm). Carboxyhemoglobin levels, reported infrequently because they are difficult to obtain, often exceed the WHO threshold of 2.5%. Despite this evidence, specific adverse effects have not yet been linked with chronic CO exposures in these women. Furthermore, anemia, which is prevalent in populations that use biomass fuels, could exacerbate the adverse effects of chronic CO exposure. Because of the difficulties inherent in conducting prospective studies to address this issue, we used a mathematical model to calculate the effects of reported CO levels and exercise on carboxyhemoglobin for women living in 1) Guatemalan villages at altitudes of 4,429–4,593 ft, and 2) coastal villages in Pakistan. In addition, we used the model to calculate the effects of CO exposures in women with moderate to severe anemia on specific physiological parameters (carboxyhemoglobin, carboxymyoglobin, cardiac output, and tissue Po2) at exercise levels representing the activities in which these women would be engaged. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of using a mathematical model to predict the physiologic responses to CO and also demonstrate that chronic anemia is a critically important determinant of CO toxicity in these women.

A Mathematics Model for Quantitative Analysis of Demand Disruption Caused by Rumor Spreading

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 585-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhao ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Chongqing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mathematics Model ◽  
Rumor Spreading ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
Purchasing Intention

Rumors greatly impact consumers' attitudes and purchasing intention. Rumor spreading can disrupt supply chain demand, particularly in today's Internet age. We propose a mathematical model for the quantitative analysis of demand disruption caused by rumor spreading based on the susceptible-infective-isolated-immune (SI2I) rumor spreading model, which extends the susceptible-infective-recovered (SIR) rumor spreading model by dividing stiflers into isolators and immunes. Both groups represent individuals who do not propagate a rumor, but the former believes the rumor while the latter does not. From the firms' perspective, only ignorants and immunes will still purchase their products and services after a rumor has spread. Hence, the influence of rumors on demand can be quantitatively reflected by the proportion of ignorants and immunes in the population. This study offers a new method for company managers to predict the variation trend of demand and estimate demand loss when a firm is attacked by rumors.

scholarly journals Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2168) ◽  
pp. 20190222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griffiths ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Michelle Shao ◽  
Fangfang Zhu ◽  
David Laurence Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

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