scholarly journals Analiza możliwości podwyższenia stabilności termicznej płuczek wiertniczych poprzez dobór środków chemicznych

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-163
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Jasiński ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Graphene Flakes ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

Drilling deep holes or drilling to provide access to thermal waters places increasingly high demands on the properties of the drilling muds. Due to the very high temperature, it may be difficult to maintain the appropriate rheology of the drilling fluid during drilling, especially when an inflow of highly mineralized brines occurs. High temperatures significantly reduce the effectiveness of most of the polymeric agents currently used in the drilling muds technology, in extreme cases causing complete and irreversible damage to their structure. Polymers with ether bonds, which include starches and cellulose, are the most vulnerable. Based on the literature data, it can be concluded that the disadvantages of these polymers can be effectively compensated by the addition of synthetic polymers, e.g. sulfonated polymers. Another direction in improving the thermal resistance of drilling muds indicated in the literature is the use of carbon nanoparticles: graphene flakes and nanotubes. The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of improving thermal stability of drilling muds by using chemical agents that allow to maintain appropriate rheological and structural parameters and filtration at temperatures up to 130°C. During the tests, three types of chemicals were added to the polymer-potassium drilling mud at different concentrations. The impact of these modifications on technological parameters of the drilling mud was tested. Then, samples modified by the addition of selected agents were exposed to the temperature of 130°C for a period of 24 hours. After this time, the samples were cooled to 20°C, then their technological parameters were measured and compared with the results obtained before aging at high temperature, and based on the obtained results, the effectiveness of individual agents was assessed. Among the agents tested to protect drilling mud against the adverse effects of high temperature, the most beneficial effect was shown by potassium formate in combination with PoliAMPS.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Barite and Hematite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Mud

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osei H
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

High demand for oil and gas has led to exploration of more petroleum resources even at remote areas. The petroleum resources are found in deeper subsurface formations and drilling into such formations requires a well-designed drilling mud with suitable rheological properties in order to avoid or reduce associated drilling problems. This is because rheological properties of drilling muds have considerable effect on the drilling operation and cleaning of the wellbore. Mud engineers therefore use mud additives to influence the properties and functions of the drilling fluid to obtain the desired drilling mud properties especially rheological properties. This study investigated and compared the impact of barite and hematite as weighting agents for water-based drilling muds and their influence on the rheology. Water-based muds of different concentrations of weighting agents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the total weight of the drilling mud) were prepared and their rheological properties determined at an ambient temperature of 24ᵒC to check their impact on drilling operation. The results found hematite to produce higher mud density, plastic viscosity, gel strength and yield point when compared to barite at the same weighting concentrations. The higher performance of the hematite-based muds might be attributed to it having higher specific gravity, better particle distribution and lower particle attrition rate and more importantly being free from contaminants. The water-based muds with hematite will therefore be more promising drilling muds with higher drilling and hole cleaning efficiency than those having barite.

scholarly journals Dependence of the Equivalent Circulation Density of Formate Drilling Fluids on the Molecular Mass of the Polymer Reagent

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7639
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Leusheva ◽  
Valentin Morenov ◽  
Tianle Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide ◽  
Drilling Muds

Construction of offshore gas wells is characterized by increased requirements for both the technological process in general and the technological parameters of drilling fluids in particular. Parameters and properties of the used drilling muds must meet a large number of requirements. The main one is the preservation of the permeability of the reservoirs, in addition to the environmental and technological concerns. At the same time, pressures in the productive formation at offshore fields are often high; the anomaly coefficient is 1.2 and higher. The use of barite in such conditions can lead to contamination of the formation and a decrease in future well flow rates. In this regard, the development and study of the compositions for weighted drilling muds is necessary and relevant. The paper presents investigations on the development of such a composition based on salts of formic acid (formates) and evaluates the effect of the molecular weight of the polymer reagent (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide) on the equivalent circulation density of the drilling fluid. The result of the work is a formate-based high-density drilling mud with no barite added. Application of such a mud will preserve the permeability of the productive formation.

scholarly journals Drilling mud with addition of new hydration inhibitor for clay rocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Sławomir Wysocki ◽  
Magdalena Gaczoł ◽  
Marta Wysocka
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Effective Inhibition ◽  
Rock Disintegration ◽  
Clay Rocks ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
New Formula

While drilling through clay rocks using water-based mud, number of challenges need to be faced in view of hydration and swelling of this type of rock. Those phenomena consist in the fact, that clay mineral grows in volume due to water contact. In order to limit hydration phenomenon, for clay rocks drilling are used drilling muds with addition of chemical agents called hydration inhibitors. The article describes studies, which resulted in development of new formula of drilling mud with addition of a new short-chained amino polymer developed in Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty AGH-UST Krakow. For the developed mud, tests of technological parameters were conducted according to API RP 13B-1 as well as specialist examinations: linear swelling of Miocene shale and clay rock disintegration. Studies also consists of syntheses of polyampholyte and short-chained cationic polymer. Based on performed studies, it was found that studied mud is characterized by good and easy to regulate technological parameters as well as effective inhibition of hydration, swelling and disintegration of clay rocks.

Stabilization of Drilling Fluid Waste with Fly Ash

1986 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Deeley ◽  
Larry W. Canter ◽  
Joakim G. Laguros
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
High Calcium Fly Ash ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Drilling Muds

Water based drilling muds typically contain clays, barite, lime, caustic soda and other chemicals, such as polymers. Land disposal of these wastes raises the possibility of groundwater pollution which can be abated if the waste is stabilized either by chemical reaction or by solidification through some form of cementation. Many ASTM high-calcium (Class C) fly ashes are cementitious and thus may be useful in stabilization of drilling mud. The basic idea is to stabilize the clay-containing muds using the model of soil and roadbed stabilization with high-calcium fly ash [1]. Fly ash that is not utilized is considered to be a solid waste, so this application would would actually constitute codisposal of two wastes.

scholarly journals Determining the parameters for a 3D-printing process using the fused deposition modeling in order to manufacture an article with the required structural parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1 (110)) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Oleksii Vambol ◽  
Andrii Kondratiev ◽  
Svitlana Purhina ◽  
Maryna Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Elasticity Module ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Printing Parameters

The mass application of FDM technology is slowed down due to the difficulty of selecting 3D printing parameters in order to manufacture an article with the required characteristics. This paper reports a study into the impact of 3D printing parameters (temperature, print speed, layer height) on mechanical parameters (strength, elasticity module), as well as on the accuracy of printing and roughness of the surface of a specimen based on thermoplastic (PLA plastic). Several batches of specimens were fabricated for this study in accordance with ASTM D638 and ASTM D695, which were tested for tension, geometric accuracy, and roughness. Based on the experimental data, regression analysis was carried out and the functional dependences of the strength, elasticity module, printing precision, roughness of a surface on 3D printing parameters (temperature, speed, thickness of the layer) were constructed. In addition, the derived mathematical model underlying a method of non-linear programming has established such printing parameters that could provide for the required properties of a structure. The analytical dependences reported in the current work demonstrate a high enough determination factor in the examined range of parameters. Using functional dependences during the design phase makes it possible to assess the feasibility of its manufacture with the required properties, reduce the time to work out the process of printing it, and give recommendations on the technological parameters of 3D printing. The recommendations from this study could be used to make PLA-plastic articles for various purposes with the required properties

An Integrated Approach to Efficient Drilling through Unstable Coal Intervals Using Different Types of Mud in the Yamal Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Viktorovich Kabanov ◽  
Aydar Ramilevich Galimkhanov ◽  
Andrey Borisovich Kharitonov ◽  
Alexander Mikhailovich Matsera ◽  
Valery Viktorovich Pogurets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Engineering Approach ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Productive Time ◽  
Nenets Autonomous ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article is a description of an integrated engineering approach to solutions selection for efficient and safe drilling of unstable intervals represented by interbedded coal and argillite layers. Due to specific features of these formations, any significant mechanical stress, as well as penetration of drilling fluid filtrate, may lead to wellbore instability regardless of the drilling mud type used. The paper presents a description of the features of drilling in unstable intervals with various types of drilling muds (WBM/OBM) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO). Experience has shown that drilling through coal intervals prone to instability may cause significant non-productive time (NPT). Such wells should be designed with an integrated engineering approach, which covers the entire cycle: starting with the well path planning, casing setting depths selection, BHA design and drilling regimes of the risk interval. No less important, detailed development of solutions for drilling muds. During the study the main causes of issues in wells drilled through the interbedded formations of coal and argillites in two fields were identified. As a result, a set of measures was developed to minimize risks for each type of mud (OBM and WBM): – Revision of the initial well design solutions. Selection of optimal mud weight based on the experience gained and the geomechanical model – Revision of chemicals concentrations together with the use of additional additives – Placement of stabilizing pills across unstable intervals – Well path optimization – Development of safe drilling procedures. The measures developed for various types of drilling muds allowed minimizing the NPT and successfully completing the wells on time. The experience gained formed the basis for recommendations to prevent issues associated with the coal layers instability in the region.

Experimental Study of Drilled Cuttings Transport Using Common Drilling Muds

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Hussaini ◽  
Jamal J. Azar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Drilling Muds

Abstract Experiments are conducted with actual drilling muds to study the behavior of drilled cuttings in a vertical annulus. The effect of parameters such as particle size, flow rate, apparent viscosity, and yield point to plastic viscosity ratio on mud-carrying capacity are studied. The applicability of a semiempirical transport model developed by Zeidler also is investigated. It has been shown that in vertical annuluses, the fluid annular velocity has a major effect on the carrying capacity of muds, while the other parameters have an effect only at low to medium fluid annular velocities. We also conclude that Zeidler's semiempirical formulations for the prediction of drilled cuttings behavior are valid with certain limitations. Introduction One of the most important functions of a drilling fluid is to transpose the drilled particles (cuttings) generated by the drill bit to the surface through the wellbore annulus. This commonly is called the "carrying capacity" of drilling mud. Factors affecting the ability of drilling muds to lift cuttings arefluid rheological properties and flow rate,particle settling velocities,particle size and size distribution, geometry, orientation, and concentration,penetration rate of drill bits,rotary speed of drillstring,fluid density.annulus inclination, anddrillpipe position in the wellbore (eccentricity) and axially varying flow geometry. With the advent of deeper drilling and better bit designs, the demand for expending most of the energy at the bit has made it necessary to minimize the pressure losses in the annulus. These pressure losses depend on the fluid velocity, fluid density, and particle concentration. By control of these factors, pressure losses can be minimized. The particle slip velocity is an important factor and is defined as the velocity at which a particle tends to settle in a fluid because of is own weight. The velocity depends on the particle size, its geometry, its specific weight, and fluid rheological properties. The carrying capacity of muds also is affected by the velocity profile in the annulus. With all these variables acting simultaneously, the determination of carrying capacity of a mud becomes a complicated problem. An optimal drilling fluid is expected to lift the cuttings from the wellbore, suspend them when circulation is stopped, and drop them at the surface. Failure to achieve this performance often leads to problems that are costly and performance often leads to problems that are costly and time-consuming to solve. To avoid such problems, the previously mentioned parameters are to be considered in previously mentioned parameters are to be considered in the design of an optimal drilling fluid. Previous Investigations Previous Investigations SPEJ P. 11

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SOLID CONTROL SYSTEM TO OPTIMIZE DRILLING PERFORMANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imros Kinif ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
Abhilash M. Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Yield Point ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Low Gravity ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
The Impact

The nature of solid content mechanism in drilling fluids directly affects its properties and causes adverse impact on drilling performance. It has rapidly evolved and become a paramount issue over the years because of challenging drilling operations. To control the impact of the drilled solids on drilling fluid properties, solid control system unit must be capable of removing the drilled solids before the re-circulation. Failure to establish good solid control management may end the operation strategy with dilution method. A rigorous analysis of drilled solid effects and its correlation with poor performance of solid control system significantly reflects on the overall rig performance in optimizing drilling operation. This paper presents a study of two different solid control system configuration used in two drilling wells. The study shows that installation of distributor tank reduces mud overflow and brings in flow control stability. Mud rheologies – Plastic viscosity, Yield Point and Low Gravity Solid are considered for the two solid control systems. The results of the new solid control system design are better than the old one. Plastic viscosity, yield point and low gravity solid values improve by 14 %, 17 % and 25 % respectively. These results can be used to check the drilling performance and also in characterization of the solid control system to enhance the drilling mud capabilities. This research shows the need of engineering evaluation in the solid control system to reduce the chances of frequent drilling problems, rig components wear issue and other drilling fluid related hazards.

scholarly journals Impact of organophilic clay on rheological properties of gasoil-based drilling muds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3533-3540
Author(s):  
Cheikh Bergane ◽  
Larbi Hammadi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Casson Model ◽  
Organophilic Clay ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this study, the impact of VG69 organophilic clay on the rheological properties of gasoil-based drilling muds (invert emulsions) was investigated. The flow curves of gasoil-based drilling muds as a function of the dose of VG69 organophilic clay were analyzed by the Casson model. The addition of VG69 organophilic clay with a quantity range between 0 and 5 g in gasoil-based drilling muds induces an increase in the yield stress and the viscosity at an infinite shear rate of drilling muds. It is also proven that the addition of VG69 organophilic clay leads to an increase in the viscoelastic and thixotropic properties of the drilling muds. The study of the stability of gasoil-based drilling muds by centrifugation showed that for a quantity of VG69 organophilic clay lower than 3 g, the stability of the drilling muds increases and for a quantity of VG69 organophilic clay higher than 3 g, their stability decreases. The results obtained showed that the addition of 3 g of VG69 organophilic clay to the gasoil-based drilling mud increased the yield stress by 230%, the viscosity at an infinite shear rate by 3.4% and it improved the mud stability by 70%.

Experimental Study of the Impact of Drilling Fluid Contamination on the Integrity of Cement-Formation Interface

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnamdi Agbasimalo ◽  
Mileva Radonjic
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Interface Zone ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Primary Cementing ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact

Primary cementing is performed during drilling and completion of wells mainly to provide zonal isolation. Ideally, 100% drilling fluid displacement should be achieved during cementing. This is difficult to achieve and some mud is left on the wellbore walls. This study investigates the effect of the undisplaced mud on the integrity of the cement-formation interface. Flow-through experiments were conducted at 14.48 MPa (2100 psi) overburden pressure and temperature of 22° C (72° F) with cement-sandstone composite cores and brine at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The cement-sandstone composite cores had 0% and 10% drilling mud contamination respectively. Variations in the permeability of the composite cores were recorded throughout the flow-through experiments by measuring the pressure drop across the composite cores. The composite cores were characterized before and after the flow-through experiments to delineate the alterations in the composite cores due to the flow-through experiments. Higher pH values were observed in the effluent brine from the 10% mud contaminated core than the 0% mud contaminated core due to increased dissolution of cement. Microtomography revealed higher porosity at the interface zone of the 10% mud contaminated core. These show that mud contamination has a deleterious effect on the cement-sandstone interface and may create pathways for inter-zonal communication.

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