The effectiveness of chemicals used in the process of transmitting crude oil from the well to the processing plant

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 774-783
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bęben ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Emulsion Separation ◽  
The Subject

Chemicals are added to crude oil to ensure that it flows from the well to the processing plant. Depending on the composition of the reservoir fluids being extracted (crude oil, reservoir water, natural gas), paraffin may be separated from the crude oil, hydrates may be formed from reservoir water and natural gas, and the combination of reservoir water and crude oil may form an emulsion. Those situations should be avoided to ensure continuous flow from the wellbore to the processing plant. To this end, chemicals, paraffin inhibitors, hydrate inhibitors, and demulsifiers are used. Based on the literature on the subject and on the author’s own experience from observing technological processes, research methods were proposed to assess the effectiveness of chemicals used to ensure the continuity of crude oil flow. The crude oil selected for the tests was characterised by a high content of paraffins, asphaltenes, chloride ions, and water. To determine the onset of paraffin precipitation, tests were conducted based on a change in viscosity and a coupon method – determining the weight gain on a coupon to check the effectiveness of a paraffin inhibitor. The rate of emulsion separation was evaluated in separating funnels. The water released from crude oil often leaches the salt contained within it. Various demulsifiers were used to investigate the separation of emulsions and the purification of oil from salts; silicone demulsifiers in particular were considered. To determine the change in the amount of salt in crude oil, a conductometric measurement was performed. The amount of demulsifier used for phase separation was determined by changing the surface tension. The proposed solution for the use of chemicals to transport and purify crude oil yields tangible economic benefits. The article summarises the research procedures and presents the results for selected crude oil and chemicals.

scholarly journals KEY ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING FIXED ASSETS MANAGEMENT OF OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISES: ANALYSIS OF FEATURES, COMPOSITION AND VALUATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Sofia KAFKA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Key Issues

The article deals with the key issues concerning the system of security of fixed assets at the enterprises of the oil and gas industry. The purpose of the article is to investigate the fixed assets features and composition at the the enterprises of oil and gas industry, to determine the approaches to their assessment at the stage of their receipt by the enterprise. The state, dynamics of value and the degree of depreciation of fixed assets in Ukraine for the year 2017 have been analyzed, their features have been distinguished at the enterprises of different branches of the economy. To ensure the effective operation of the enterprises of the oil and gas industry, significant assets are required, and the results of their activities to a large extent depend on the availability and condition of fixed assets that ensure economic sustainability of economic entities. Oil and gas companies include pipelines and related equipment in fixed assets, oil and gas assets, machinery and equipment, buildings, buffer gas, drilling and reconnaissance equipment and other fixed assets. Among the assets of NJSC "NAFTOGAZ OF UKRAINE" for the year 2017, non-current assets occupied 86% of the total assets of the company, of which 94% were fixed assets, what determines the reliability of their accounting as an important element of effective management of enterprises. The dynamics of value and composition of fixed assets of enterprises of the oil and gas industry of Ukraine for 2016-2017 have been determined according to separate economic segments. The cost of fixed assets of NJSC "NAFTOGAZ OF UKRAINE" as of December 31, 2017 amounted to UAH 491 482 million, respectively, according to economic segments, it is structured in such a way that their largest share is concentrated in the system of transportation and distribution of natural gas - almost 48%, for storage of natural gas - 34%, production and sale of natural gas - 12%, and the rest belongs to the economic activities related to oil: the production of crude oil and gas condensate, transportation of crude oil. The composition of fixed assets of extractive enterprises differs from their composition in refineries. Industrial features of mining industry with significant volumes of work related to the disclosure of layers of minerals are characteristic to chemical production with a significant cost of equipment. The main approaches to the evaluation of fixed assets objects at the stage of their entrance to the enterprise have been investigated. The reliability of the accounting information on fixed assets depends on their assessment. When they are received, they are valued at their original cost, that is, by the amount of cash paid or their equivalents or fair value, another form of indemnity granted to obtain the asset at the time of its acquisition or creation, or, if accepted, the amount that is distributed to that asset in the original recognized in accordance with the specific requirements of other IFRSs. After recognition, the entity should choose either a cost model or a revaluation model in its accounting policies and should apply this policy to the entire group of fixed assets. A cessation of recognition occurs after the release of an object or when it does not expect future economic benefits from its use or disposal. In this case, it is recognized as profit or loss.

Influence of Compressed Carbon Dioxide on the Capillarity of the Gas−Crude Oil−Reservoir Water System

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 5246-5251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T. Jaeger ◽  
Mohammed B. Alotaibi ◽  
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water System ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Compressed Carbon Dioxide

Drag Reduction and Velocity Profiles Distribution of Crude Oil Flow in Spiral Pipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanuar Yanuar ◽  
Kurniawan T. Waskito ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Budiarso Budiarso
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Oil Flow

Analyzing the financial and economic momentum as a result of changes in the interest rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1673
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Interest Rate

Subject. The article discusses financial and economic momenta. Objectives. I determine financial and economic momenta as the interest rate changes in Russia. Methods. The study is based on a systems approach and the method of statistical analysis. Results. The Russian economy was found to strongly depend on prices for crude oil and natural gas, thus throwing Russia to the outskirts of the global capitalism, though keeping the status of an energy superpower, which ensures a sustainable growth in the global economy by increasing the external consumption and decreasing the domestic one. The devaluation of the national currency, a drop in tax revenue, etc. result from the decreased interest rate. They all require to increase M2 and the devalued retail loan in RUB, thus rising the GDP deflator. As for positive effects, the Central Bank operates sustainably, replenishes gold reserves and keeps the trade balance (positive balance), thus strengthening its resilience during a global drop in crude oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic. The positive effects were discovered to result from a decreased in the interest rate, rather than keeping it low all the time. Conclusions and Relevance. As the interest rate may be, the financial and economic momentum in Russia depends on the volatility of the price for crude oil and natural gas. Lowering the interest rate and devaluing the national currency, the Central Bank preserves the resource structure of the Russian economy, strengthens its positions within the global capitalism and keeps its status of an energy superpower, thus reinforcing its resilience against a global drop in oil prices.

Application of a master meter systemto assure crude oil and natural gas quality during transportation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 1222-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Perisic ◽  
Marina Milovanovic ◽  
Ivana Petrovic ◽  
Ljiljana Radovanovic ◽  
Marko Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

scholarly journals Differential hydrocarbon enrichment in deep Paleogene tight sandstones of the Dongpu Depression in Eastern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872098811
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhanli Ren ◽  
Youlu Jiang ◽  
Jingdong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Charging ◽  
Dongpu Depression ◽  
Kerogen Pyrolysis

To clarify the characteristics and enrichment rules of Paleogene tight sandstone reservoirs inside the rifted-basin of Eastern China, the third member of Shahejie Formation (abbreviated as Es3) in Wendong area of Dongpu Depression is selected as the research object. It not only clarified the geochemical characteristics of oil and natural gas in the Es3 of Wendong area through testing and analysis of crude oil biomarkers, natural gas components and carbon isotopes, etc.; but also compared and explained the types and geneses of oil and gas reservoirs in slope zone and sub-sag zone by matching relationship between the porosity evolution of tight reservoirs and the charging process of hydrocarbons. Significant differences have been found between the properties and the enrichment rules of hydrocarbon reservoirs in different structural areas in Wendong area. The study shows that the Paleogene hydrocarbon resources are quasi-continuous distribution in Wendong area. The late kerogen pyrolysis gas, light crude oil, medium crude oil, oil-cracked gas and the early kerogen pyrolysis gas are distributed in a semicircle successively, from the center of sub-sag zone to the uplift belt, that is the result of two discontinuous hydrocarbon charging. Among them, the slope zone is dominated by early conventional filling of oil-gas mixture (at the late deposition period of Dongying Formation, about 31–27 Ma ago), while the reservoirs are gradually densified in the late stage without large-scale hydrocarbon charging (since the deposition stage of Minghuazhen Formation, about 6–0 Ma). In contrast, the sub-sag zone is lack of oil reservoirs, but a lot of late kerogen pyrolysis gas reservoirs are enriched, and the reservoir densification and hydrocarbon filling occur in both early and late stages.

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