scholarly journals Neural correlates of childhood trauma with executive function in young healthy adults

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (45) ◽  
pp. 79843-79853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojia Lu ◽  
Fen Pan ◽  
Weijia Gao ◽  
Zhaoguo Wei ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Adults

The Effect of Serotonergic Dysfunction and Hypercortisolaemia on the Neural Correlates of Episodic Memory and Executive Function

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (s47) ◽  
pp. 64P-64P
Author(s):  
R.H. McAllister-Williams ◽  
M. Garside ◽  
F.C. Hsu ◽  
A.E. Massey ◽  
M.D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Serotonergic Dysfunction

scholarly journals S80. CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND SOCIAL COGNITION IN DELUSIONAL PSYCHOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Covadonga Díaz-Caneja ◽  
Marcos González-Iglesias ◽  
Victoria Del Amo ◽  
Ignacio García-Cabeza ◽  
Celso Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Attributional Bias ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cohen's D

Abstract Background Deficits in social cognition could be involved in the pathogenesis of delusions in psychotic disorders (Bentall et al., 2009). Childhood trauma (CT) has been associated with an increased risk for psychosis (Varese et al., 2012). Neurocognitive and social cognition deficits could mediate in the association between CT and psychosis (Mansueto et al., 2019). Social cognition and childhood trauma have been understudied so far in delusional disorder (DD). We aimed to assess social cognition in a sample of patients with delusional psychoses (i.e., DD and schizophrenia) and healthy controls (HC) and to explore the potential effect of childhood trauma on social cognition and delusion. Methods This cross-sectional, transdiagnostic study included 69 patients with a DSM-IV-TR-confirmed diagnosis of DD (mean age 44.06 ± 11.39 years, 53.6% female), 77 with DSM-IV-TR-confirmed schizophrenia (mean age 38.12 ± 9.27 years, 27.3% female), and 63 HC (mean age 43.6 ± 13.0 years, 68.3% female). Attributional bias was assessed with the “Internal, Personal, and Situational Attributions Questionnaire.” Theory of Mind (ToM) performance was assessed with the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test” and the “Faux Pas Recognition Test.” Childhood trauma was measured with the “Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.” Neuropsychological functioning was measured with a comprehensive battery assessing attention, verbal learning, working memory, and executive function. We used ANCOVAs and linear regression analyses to assess the association between the three measures of social cognition and i) diagnosis, ii) dimensional measures of delusion proneness (Peters Delusion Inventory, PDI) and intensity (Maudsley Assessment of Delusion Schedule, MADS), and iii) childhood trauma; after controlling for potential confounders (age, sex, socioeconomic status, and estimated premorbid intelligence quotient). Results Patients with DD showed significantly poorer performance on the “Eyes Test” than HC (Cohen’s d=-0.44, p=0.037), after controlling for potential confounding variables. The difference was no longer significant after controlling for verbal memory. Patients with schizophrenia (d=-1.54, p<0.001) and DD (Cohen’s d=-0.60, p=0.002) showed significantly poorer performance than HC on the “Faux Pas Test,” after controlling for potential confounders. The difference between patients with schizophrenia and HC remained significant after controlling for neuropsychological functioning (Cohen’s d=-1.09, p<0.001), while differences between patients with DD and HC were no longer significant after controlling for executive function and working memory performance (Cohen’s d=-0.23, p=0.596). No significant differences were found between diagnostic groups in externalizing or personalizing attributional bias. In the fully adjusted models, intensity of the delusional idea was significantly associated with performance in the “Faux Pas Test” in DD, and with externalizing and personalizing attributional bias in schizophrenia. A positive history of CT was significantly associated with lower performance on the “Faux Pas Test” (Cohen’s d=-0.40, p=.022) and higher delusional proneness scores in the delusional psychosis samples (Cohen’s d=-0.49, p=.006), but not in HC. Discussion Social cognition deficits are associated with delusional intensity in delusional psychoses. Childhood trauma could increase the risk of psychosis through its effect on social cognition.

Exercise and Working Memory: An Individual Differences Investigation

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Sibley ◽  
Sian L. Beilock
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Baseline Session ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
The Impact

In the current work we asked whether executive function, as measured by tests of working memory capacity, might benefit from an acute bout of exercise and, more specifically, whether individuals who are lower or higher in working memory to begin with would be more or less affected by an exercise manipulation. Healthy adults completed working memory measures in a nonexercise (baseline) session and immediately following a 30-min self-paced bout of exercise on a treadmill (exercise session). Sessions were conducted 1 week apart and session order was counterbalanced across participants. A significant Session × Working Memory interaction was obtained such that only those individuals lowest in working memory benefited from the exercise manipulation. This work suggests that acute bouts of exercise may be most beneficial for healthy adults whose cognitive performance is generally the lowest, and it demonstrates that the impact of exercise on cognition is not uniform across all individuals.

Neural correlates of dietary self-control in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Han ◽  
Nadia Boachie ◽  
Isabel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Andréanne Michaud ◽  
Alain Dagher
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Functional Brain

Neural correlates of executive function in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

2007 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. e49
Author(s):  
A. Hunt ◽  
P. Schönknecht ◽  
M. Henze ◽  
P. Thomann ◽  
P. Toro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Animacy Attribution Include Neocerebellum in Healthy Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4240-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Jack ◽  
Kevin A. Pelphrey
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Healthy Adults
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