scholarly journals Metformin alters skeletal muscle transcriptome adaptations to resistance training in older adults

Aging ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 19852-19866
Author(s):  
Ameya S. Kulkarni ◽  
Bailey D. Peck ◽  
R. Grace Walton ◽  
Philip A. Kern ◽  
Jessica C. Mar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome

scholarly journals Resistance Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Innervation Without Modifying the Number of Satellite Cells or their Myofiber Association in Obese Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1273-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Messi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zhong-Min Wang ◽  
Anthony P. Marsh ◽  
Barbara Nicklas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Innervation

scholarly journals Does Post Exercise Protein Reduce Total Protein Needs for Optimal Skeletal Muscle Responses to Resistance Training in Older Adults?

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teak V Lee ◽  
Chang Woock Lee ◽  
Heath G Gasier ◽  
Gentle Chikani ◽  
Vincent Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Responses

scholarly journals Impact of Endurance and Resistance Training on Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Consitt ◽  
Courtney Dudley ◽  
Gunjan Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Aging is associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. While this process is multifaceted, age-related changes to skeletal muscle are expected to contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. Some of these changes include sarcopenia, impaired insulin signaling, and imbalances in glucose utilization. Endurance and resistance exercise training have been endorsed as interventions to improve glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity in the elderly. While both types of exercise generally increase insulin sensitivity in older adults, the metabolic pathways through which this occurs can differ and can be dependent on preexisting conditions including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we will first highlight age-related changes to skeletal muscle which can contribute to insulin resistance, followed by a comparison of endurance and resistance training adaptations to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in older adults.

scholarly journals Moderate-intensity resistance exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular and cellular structure and function in inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Miller ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Timothy W. Tourville ◽  
James R. Slauterbeck ◽  
Anna Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Function

High-intensity resistance exercise (REX) training increases physical capacity, in part, by improving muscle cell size and function. Moderate-intensity REX, which is more feasible for many older adults with disease and/or disability, also increases physical function, but the mechanisms underlying such improvements are not understood. Therefore, we measured skeletal muscle structure and function from the molecular to the tissue level in response to 14 wk of moderate-intensity REX in physically inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis ( n = 17; 70 ± 1 yr). Although REX training increased quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), average single-fiber CSA was unchanged because of reciprocal changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIA fibers. Intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content increased with training because of increases in mitochondrial size in men, but not women, with no changes in subsarcolemmal mitochondria in either sex. REX increased whole muscle contractile performance similarly in men and women. In contrast, adaptations in single-muscle fiber force production per CSA (i.e., tension) and contractile velocity varied between men and women in a fiber type-dependent manner, with adaptations being explained at the molecular level by differential changes in myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics and mechanics and single-fiber MHC protein expression. Our results are notable compared with studies of high-intensity REX because they show that the effects of moderate-intensity REX in older adults on muscle fiber size/structure and myofilament function are absent or modest. Moreover, our data highlight unique sex-specific adaptations due to differential cellular and subcellular structural and functional changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Moderate-intensity resistance training causes sex-specific adaptations in skeletal muscle structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels in inactive older adult men and women with knee osteoarthritis. However, these responses were minimal compared with high-intensity resistance training. Thus adjuncts to moderate-intensity training need to be developed to correct underlying cellular and molecular structural and functional deficits that are at the root of impaired physical function in this mobility-limited population.

scholarly journals Effects of linear versus nonperiodized resistance training on isometric force and skeletal muscle mass adaptations in sarcopenic older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Conrado de Freitas ◽  
Caroline Galan de Souza Pereira ◽  
Vitor Cabrera Batista ◽  
Fabricio Eduardo Rossi ◽  
Alex Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Isometric Force

NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVED SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING FRAIL OLDER ADULTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
K. Yoshimura ◽  
Y. Kajiwara ◽  
T. Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Frail Older Adults

Objective: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is highly prevalent in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combination of resistance training and multinutrients supplementation (including vitamin D and protein) on muscle mass and physical performance in frail older adults. Methods: This trial was conducted in Japanese frail older adults (n=77), which underwent a standardized protocol of a 3-month physical exercise intervention. The sample population was divided into two groups, according to the adoption (S/Ex: n = 38) or not (Ex: n = 39) of the additional multinutrient supplementation. The outcome measures of interest for the present analyses were the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and several physical performance tests. Results: Participants in S/Ex group had significant improvements for the outcome measures, including SMI and maximum walking time (P<0.05), compared to those in Ex group. The prevalence of sarcopenia decreased from 65.7% to 42.9% in S/Ex group, while that in Ex group remained unchanged (68.6% to 68.6%) (relative risk = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.03-2.49). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the combination of resistance training and multinutritional supplementation may be more effective at improving muscle mass and walking speed than an intervention only based on resistance training.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic effects of resistance training on skeletal muscle markers of mitochondrial remodeling in older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo H.C. Mesquita ◽  
Donald A. Lamb ◽  
Hailey A. Parry ◽  
Johnathon H. Moore ◽  
Morgan A. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Remodeling ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

scholarly journals No effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D supplementation on the skeletal muscle transcriptome in vitamin D deficient frail older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland W. J. Hangelbroek ◽  
Anouk M. M. Vaes ◽  
Mark V. Boekschoten ◽  
Lex B. Verdijk ◽  
Guido J. E. J. Hooiveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome
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