NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVED SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING FRAIL OLDER ADULTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
K. Yoshimura ◽  
Y. Kajiwara ◽  
T. Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Frail Older Adults

Objective: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is highly prevalent in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combination of resistance training and multinutrients supplementation (including vitamin D and protein) on muscle mass and physical performance in frail older adults. Methods: This trial was conducted in Japanese frail older adults (n=77), which underwent a standardized protocol of a 3-month physical exercise intervention. The sample population was divided into two groups, according to the adoption (S/Ex: n = 38) or not (Ex: n = 39) of the additional multinutrient supplementation. The outcome measures of interest for the present analyses were the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and several physical performance tests. Results: Participants in S/Ex group had significant improvements for the outcome measures, including SMI and maximum walking time (P<0.05), compared to those in Ex group. The prevalence of sarcopenia decreased from 65.7% to 42.9% in S/Ex group, while that in Ex group remained unchanged (68.6% to 68.6%) (relative risk = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.03-2.49). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the combination of resistance training and multinutritional supplementation may be more effective at improving muscle mass and walking speed than an intervention only based on resistance training.

scholarly journals Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Lower Back or Knee Pain Are Associated with Cognitive and Emotional Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4960
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Hirase ◽  
Hyuma Makizako ◽  
Yoshiro Okubo ◽  
Stephen R. Lord ◽  
Minoru Okita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

(1) Background: The present study aimed to examine physical, cognitive and emotional factors affecting falls in community-dwelling older adults with and without pain; (2) Methods: Data from 789 older adults who participated in a community-based health survey were analyzed. Participants completed questionnaires on the presence of pain and previous falls. Muscle weakness (handgrip strength < 26.0 kg for men and < 18.0 kg for women) and low skeletal muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index < 7.0 kg/m2 for men and < 5.7 kg/m2 for women) were determined. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depressive symptoms were assessed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool and 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), respectively; (3) Results: In participants with pain, MCI and GDS-15 were associated with previous falls after adjusting for age, sex, education and medication use. In participants without pain, muscle weakness and low skeletal muscle mass were associated with previous falls when adjusting for the above covariates; (4) Conclusions: Falls in participants with pain were associated with cognitive and emotional factors, whereas falls in those without pain were associated with physical factors. Fall prevention interventions for older adults with pain may require tailored strategies to address cognitive and emotional factors.

scholarly journals Myostatin/Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASM) Ratio, Not Myostatin, Is Associated with Low Handgrip Strength in Community-Dwelling Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7344
Author(s):  
Soo Jeong Choi ◽  
Min Sung Lee ◽  
Duk-Hee Kang ◽  
Gang Jee Ko ◽  
Hee-Sook Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Background/Aims: Elevated levels of serum myostatin have been proposed as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Recent studies have shown that elevated level of serum myostatin was associated with physical fitness and performance. This study aimed to examine the significance of myostatin in the association between muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort study involving 1053 people aged 70 years or over. Anthropometric, physical performance, and laboratory data were collected. Results: The mean age of the participants was 75.8 years, and 50.7% of them were female. Serum myostatin levels in men (3.7 ± 1.2 vs. 3.2 ± 1.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001) were higher compared with that in women. Serum myostatin level was associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index and eGFR by cystatin C. Serum myostatin/ASM ratio was associated with handgrip strength in women. Conclusion: Higher serum myostatin levels were related with higher muscle mass and better physical performances in the elderly. Serum myostatin/ASM ratio may be a predictor for physical performance rather than myostatin.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Sarcopenia and Respiratory Muscle Weakness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13257
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Morisawa ◽  
Yota Kunieda ◽  
Shingo Koyama ◽  
Mizue Suzuki ◽  
Yuma Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Weakness ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

An association between respiratory muscle weakness and sarcopenia may provide a clue to the mechanism of sarcopenia development. We aimed to clarify this relationship among community-dwelling older adults. In total, 117 community-dwelling older adults were assessed and classified into 4 groups: robust, respiratory muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and respiratory sarcopenia. The respiratory sarcopenia group (12%) had a significantly higher percentage of males and had lower BMI, skeletal muscle index, skeletal muscle mass, phase angle, and oral function than the robust group (32.5%). All physical functions were significantly lower. The respiratory muscle weakness group (54.7%) had a significantly lower BMI and slower walking speed, compared with the robust group. The sarcopenia group (0.8%) was excluded from the analysis. The percent maximum inspiratory pressure was significantly lower in both the respiratory muscle weakness and respiratory sarcopenia groups, compared with the robust group. Almost all participants with sarcopenia showed respiratory muscle weakness. In addition, approximately 50% had respiratory muscle weakness, even in the absence of systemic sarcopenia, suggesting that respiratory muscle weakness may be the precursor of sarcopenia. The values indicating physical function and skeletal muscle mass in the respiratory muscle weakness group were between those in the robust and the respiratory sarcopenia groups.

scholarly journals Effects of linear versus nonperiodized resistance training on isometric force and skeletal muscle mass adaptations in sarcopenic older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Conrado de Freitas ◽  
Caroline Galan de Souza Pereira ◽  
Vitor Cabrera Batista ◽  
Fabricio Eduardo Rossi ◽  
Alex Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Isometric Force

scholarly journals Relationship between skeletal muscle mass and cardiac function during exercise in community-dwelling older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Sugie ◽  
Kazumasa Harada ◽  
Tetsuya Takahashi ◽  
Marina Nara ◽  
Joji Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

scholarly journals Skeletal Muscle Mass and Higher-Level Functional Capacity in Female Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6692
Author(s):  
Shuichi Wakayama ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujita ◽  
Keisuke Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Sasaki ◽  
Hiroshi Yuine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Female Community ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Purpose: In this study, our purpose was to examine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and higher-level functional capacity in female community-dwelling older adults. Participant(s) and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we targeted 55 female community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above participating in long-term care prevention classes in Ibaraki Prefecture between 2018 and 2020. We excluded individuals with cognitive impairment and those judged as having sarcopenia. The variables of interest included age, height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, step count, and family structure. We calculated the SMI by dividing the extremities’ total lean mass by the square of the height (in m), while the number of steps was calculated using the three-axis accelerometer Actigraph GT3X®. We measured skeletal muscle mass via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the InBody270 body composition analyzer and muscular strength as grip strength. Results: We observed significant relationships between skeletal muscle mass and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) (β = 0.336, p < 0.01) and handgrip strength (β = 0.230). Conclusion: In this study, a relationship between skeletal muscle mass and higher-level functional capacity was demonstrated among elderly female community residents.

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