Piecewise Baseline Hazard Model with Gamma Frailty: Analysing the Transitions into The Labour Force Entry by The Youths in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-583
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Baseline Hazard ◽  
Gamma Frailty

scholarly journals Application of Survival Analysis of TB Patients Using Parametric Model: A Case Study of General Hospital Bayara

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Samson Daniel ◽  
K. E. Lasisi ◽  
Jerry Banister
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Frailty Model ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Gamma Frailty ◽  
Cox Hazard Model

Aim: We evaluate the performance of parametric models, mixture of generalized gamma frailty model with Gompertz distribution and compare it with Cox proportional hazard model that is commonly used in the analysis of TB patients and also by [1]. Place and the Duration of the Study: The study was carried out in Bauchi State, Nigeria from January, 2017 to January, 2020. Methodology: In this study secondary data was used and gotten from the patients’ treatment card and TB registers from January 2015 to December 2017. The covariates used were, drug, age, marital status, smoking habit, educational level, weight, category, and risk factor. We used AIC and BIC selection tool to select the model with the lowest value and then compare it with Cox hazard model. Data analysis was done in Stata version 14. Results: The result of the analysis shows that mixture of frailty model with Gompertz baseline distribution has the lowest AIC and BIC value when compared to Cox Proportional model therefore shows a better goodness of fit for our dataset. Conclusion: We therefore conclude that mixture of frailty model with Gompertz baseline distribution model can serve as an alternative to Cox Proportional Model.

Proportional hazard model for cutting tool recovery in machining

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-332
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Diamoutene ◽  
Farid Noureddine ◽  
Rachid Noureddine ◽  
Bernard Kamsu-Foguem ◽  
Diakarya Barro
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Function ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Proportional Hazard Model ◽  
Baseline Hazard ◽  
Baseline Hazard Function

The proportional hazard model is a statistical method capable of including information on environmental and operating conditions. In machining, in the reliability field of a cutting tool, the interest of using proportional hazard model is highlighted. On one hand, the environmental and operating conditions are described and taken into account as explanatory variables. Three covariates are considered, namely, the vibration signal, the hardness material, and the lubrication/cooling. On the other hand, a new baseline hazard function is designed according to phenomena of tiny tool breakage followed by a self-sharpening process. This latter phenomenon, which can be considered as a rare event, prompted us to study extreme value theory to propose an adequate baseline hazard function. The newly obtained baseline hazard function will be named generalized extreme value proportional hazard model. This function is obtained thanks to the Gumbel function and has the property to be non-monotonic, an increasing then decreasing function. An alternative option as a baseline hazard function, based on the flexible Weibull distributions, is also proposed. Results produced in this article show the impact of all these variables on the surface roughness of the machined parts. According to reliability studies, the premature replacement of the cutting tool implying financial losses can be delayed. This may be of particular significance and benefit, in terms of sustainable development, in the case of mass production, by limiting the frequency of tool replacement.

Mapping Precariousness in the Canadian Labour Force

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Cranford ◽  
Leah Vosko
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force

Independent commissions and labour migration: The British MAC

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin ◽  
Martin Ruhs
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Labour Immigration ◽  
British Labour ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Uk

The independent Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) was created in 2007 after a decade in which the share of foreign-born workers in the British labour force doubled to 13 per cent. The initial core mandate of the MAC was to provide “independent, evidence-based advice to government on specific skilled occupations in the labour market where shortages exist which can sensibly be filled by migration.” The MAC's answers to these 3-S questions, viz, is the occupation for which employers are requesting foreign workers skilled, are there labour shortages, and is admitting foreign workers a sensible response, have improved the quality of the debate over the “need” for foreign workers in the UK by highlighting some of the important trade-offs inherent in migration policy making. The MAC can clarify migration trade-offs in labour immigration policy, but cannot decide the ultimately political questions about whose interests should be prioritised and how competing policy objectives should be balanced.

Repopulating Landscapes: Using Offence Data to Recreate Landscapes of Incarceration and Labour at the Port Arthur Penal Station, 1830–1877

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tuffin ◽  
Martin Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Complex Series ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Landscape

For over half-a-century (1803–54), the Australian colony of Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), played a key part in Britain's globe-spanning unfree diaspora. Today, a rich built and archaeological landscape, augmented by an exhaustive and relatively intact documentary archive, stand as eloquent markers to this convict legacy. As historical archaeologists, we have spent countless hours querying the physical and documentary residues in a bid to understand how the penological, social and economic imperatives of Britain and the colony shaped the management of convict labour. In particular, our task has centred upon the recovery of individual narratives – of both gaoler and gaoled – from such residues, moving away from a traditional focus on the broader outlines of the convict system. This paper illustrates how spatial history methodological processes have been used to relocate individual historic lives back into the convict industrial landscape of the Tasman Peninsula (Tasmania). Focusing on the male-only penal station of Port Arthur (1830–77), we will illustrate how we have reunited the physicality of past spaces and places, with the lives and labours of those who created and navigated them. Simple methodologies have been used to achieve this, designed with onward applicability in mind. A complex series of documents, convict conduct records, have been mined for spatial markers, allowing events and people to be relocated back into space. Through these processes of linkage and visualisation, we have been encouraged to ask further questions about the management of the unfree labour force and how this came to create the landscape we see today.

Living on a low income as a systemic impediment to socio-economic development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
NATALIIA TOLSTYKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Government

The article sheds light on various approaches that seek to determine how widespread poverty and life on a low income are in Ukraine nowadays. As a social phenomenon, poverty has traditionally been associated with destitution and living below the subsistence level set by the government. However, the author holds the view that life on a low income not only means living near or below the poverty line. There is another part of Ukraine’s population that should also be considered needy — those whose income is less than twice as the subsistence level, and most of them are also subject to socio-economic deprivation. Drawing upon the findings of a social survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine in 2019, the paper analyses the standard of living among different income groups. Particular attention is given to consumption patterns and social well-being of respondents in the lower income brackets. From the data, it can be inferred that living conditions of many Ukrainians are inadequate to sustain and develop human potential; furthermore, the low-income households have literally to struggle every day to make ends meet. The author brings into focus the main macroeconomic factors contributing to this situation and its adverse effect on the nation’s social potential. Some of the most common social consequences of living on a low income have been identified, such as limited consumption, a person’s dissatisfaction with life and his/her position in society. The above-mentioned survey also provides the estimates of how much the current subsistence level (with regard to Ukraine) should be. Having been made by different socio-demographic and occupational groups of Ukraine’s population, these estimates are a useful source of information — given that subsistence level is considered the basic social standard. According to the survey, all these figures are at variance with the official subsistence level, which is noticeably lower, and this indicates that the current subsistence level needs an upward revision. Today, the overall socio-economic situation in Ukraine is unfavourable for neoliberal economic reforms initiated by the government. Since these policies are primarily designed to reduce the role of state in managing the economy and implementing social welfare programmes, following this path will inevitably result in the entrenchment of mass poverty and in a major loss of Ukraine’s human potential, as well as labour force. The author argues that tackling the country’s chronic low income problem is only possible if a new strategy for socio-economic development is adopted, where social welfare is prioritised.

Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L McLaren ◽  
M Zarrabi ◽  
DJ Dutton ◽  
MC Auld ◽  
JCH Emery
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Daycare Centre ◽  
Relative Care ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Using Data

Introduction Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. Results Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.

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