scholarly journals Hydromorphone in the Management of Cancer-Related Pain: An Update on Routes of Administration and Dosage Forms

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maansi G. Kumar ◽  
Senshang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Forms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
First Choice ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Effect ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
Health Organization

Pain is experienced by a majority of cancer patients. As life expectancy has increased in developed and developing countries, cancer-related pain has become a major health concern. Despite the use of the three-step analgesic ladder proposed by the World Health Organization, pain still remains under treated. Morphine, the gold standard against which all other opioids has been compared is considered the first choice for management of cancer-related pain. However, recently focus has shifted to the use of hydromorphone, a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine, which is more potent, more soluble and has a comparable side-effect profile. This review focuses on the use of hydromorphone for the management of cancer-related pain emphasizing on the various routes of administration as well as dosage forms, and providing a direction for the preference of a particular route depending on the need for a rapid effect and the individual’s situation. Various approaches used to modify the release of hydromorphone from the drug delivery systems with the perspective of improving patient compliance are also being discussed.

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

Useful links

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Navneet Kapur ◽  
Robert Goldney
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Social Care ◽  
International Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
International Academy

With the increasing recognition of suicide as a major health and social care issue, many suicide prevention organisations have been established locally, nationally and internationally. This chapter includes a number of links to the most prominent of these, but the list is indicative rather than exhaustive. These include the International Association for Suicide Prevention, the International Academy of Suicide Research, the Samaritans, the World Health Organization, and national suicide prevention organizations from across the world.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Poly(Glycerol Sebacate)-Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Extrusion-Based Scaffolds for Cartilage Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Diana Reis ◽  
Sara Biscaia ◽  
Inês J. Seabra ◽  
Ana Veloso ◽  
Pedro Morouço
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Articular Cartilage Degeneration

Cartilage related diseases are on the top list concerns of the World Health Organization, being the prevention of articular cartilage degeneration a major health matter for which there are few effective solutions. Using an extrusion-based approach and a polyester elastomer it was aimed to produce 3D structures with controlled architecture and with closer mimicry to cartilage native tissue. The obtained constructs demonstrated high reliability, being the addition of poly (glycerol sebacate) a procedure to enhance the properties of the constructs.

scholarly journals Collateral Sensitivity to β-Lactam Drugs in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Is Driven by the Transcriptional Wiring of BlaI Operon Genes

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Trigos ◽  
B. W. Goudey ◽  
J. Bedő ◽  
T. C. Conway ◽  
N. G. Faux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Collateral Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Tuberculosis remains a significant cause of global mortality, with strains resistant to classical drug treatment considered a major health concern by the World Health Organization. Challenging treatment regimens and difficulty accessing drugs in low-income communities have led to a high prevalence of strains resistant to multiple drugs, making the development of alternative therapies a priority.

scholarly journals Anti-hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in the working age population in Poland, 2004 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Walewska-Zielecka ◽  
Urszula Religioni ◽  
Grzegorz Juszczyk ◽  
Zbigniew M Wawrzyniak ◽  
Aleksandra Czerw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Health Organization

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a serious public health concern and one of the major public health priorities. In 2005, it was estimated that there are 185 million anti-HCV positive people in the world, which constitutes 2.8% of the global population. Our study estimates the anti-HCV seroprevalence in the working age population (15–64 years-old), mostly urban and suburban residents, in Poland from 2004 to 2014. The studied group consisted of 61,805 working-age population representatives whose data were obtained from electronic medical records of an outpatient clinic network operating on a countrywide level. Positive anti-HCV test results were obtained in 957 patients, representing 1.5% of the whole population studied throughout the analysed period. The average age of all anti-HCV positive patients was 36.8 years. Analysis of the data suggests that the proportion of anti-HCV positive patients decreased over the study period (mean positive anti-HCV = -0.0017 × year + 3.3715; R2 = 0.7558). In 2004, positive results were noted among 3.2% of patients undergoing HCV antibody tests, but in 2014, the percentage of patients with a positive result stood at 1.1%. The apparent decrease affected men and women similarly. Our study also provides evidence that screening people born before 1965 could be beneficial.

Contribution to the Issue of Essential Drugs in Czechoslovakia

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1013-1014
Author(s):  
Josef V. Kolář ◽  
Viliam J. Foltán
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Forms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Essential Drugs ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ratio represented by essential drugs (EDs) in the total consumption of drugs in Czechoslovakia in 1989. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the assortment and consumption of EDs in 1989. SETTING: Department of the Organization and Management of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bratislava. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Consumption of drugs and/or pharmacotherapeutic groups, expressed by the number of formulations, number of units, and in financial terms. RESULTS: EDs constitute approximately one-third of the total consumption of drugs in Czechoslovakia (both in terms of volume and finances); almost 60 percent of EDs have dosage forms and concentrations identical to those shown in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Drugs (Sixth List). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate that there is need for a regular updating of the drug policy within the public health branch of the government to more effectively regulate the production and import of drugs.

scholarly journals Medicine recalls in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective review of drug alerts (January 2010–January 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra T. AlQuadeib ◽  
Iman M. Alfagih ◽  
Ameera H. Alnahdi ◽  
Shadia M. Alharbi ◽  
Rawan A. Al-ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background A new incidence of a substandard medicinal product is discovered weekly as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) around the world. After discovering an incidence of a substandard medicinal product, a drug recall announced to remove the affected medicinal product from the market. Drug recalls in SaudiArabia (SA) are made by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) or the distributors of the drug when certain criteria are met. A retrospective study of drug recalls in SA was carried out. Data were collected through a website search of the SFDA for drug recalls since January 2010–January 2019. Results SFDA recalled 84 substandard medicinal products which related to 47 alert letters and 52 drugs. The number of drug recall reported by SFDA increased six-folds in 2018 than in 2010. The major frequent therapeutic class of drug recall was the antihypertensive drugs followed by the antibiotic drugs (27.7% and 10.8%, respectively). The majority of the recalls were tablets followed by parenteral dosage forms (58% and 25%, respectively). The major reasons for the drug recalls were due to contamination (32.14%) followed by non-compliance with manufacturer’s specifications (20.48%). Two manufacturers were accounted for 34.52% of all recalled drugs. Conclusion Substandard medicinal products are considered as a serious problem in SA. Contamination was the main cause of drug recalls, which requires root investigation of causes and for strict protective tools to be applied by drug manufacturers.

Atopische Dermatitis: Dermatologische Systemtherapie in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Sandra Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Atopische Dermatitis ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with elevated risk of respiratory comorbidities. Severely affected patients are often treated with immune-modulating systemic drugs. On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization declared the 2019 novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) epidemic to be a pandemic. The number of cases worldwide is increasing exponentially and poses a major health threat, especially for those who are elderly, immuno-compromised, or have comorbidities. This also applies to AD patients on systemic immune-modulating treatment. In these days of uncertainty, reallocation of medical resources, curfew, hoarding, and shutdown of normal social life, patients, caregivers and doctors ask questions regarding the continuation of systemic immune-modulating treatment of AD patients. The ETFAD decided to address some of these questions here.

scholarly journals GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND SARS-COV-2: MORE THAN JUST BEING OLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
I. Aprahamian ◽  
M. Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, China released a warning about an outbreak of pneumonia due to unknown causes (1). It was subsequently identified as a new coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a zoonotic large size RNA-based genome virus, responsible for this infectious disease (called Covid-19) (2). The disease spread worldwide. On March 11th 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the state of pandemic, foretelling a catastrophe with major health and economic consequences. On April 3th, 1,039,166 cases of SARS-CoV-2 and 55,092 deaths have already been reported around the world (Johns Hopkins University & Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html; last access April 4th). Unfortunately, the complete clinical and epidemiological picture of Covid-19 is still unclear. This coronavirus is highly contagious (primarily airborne, but also through contact with infected surfaces), and its severity ranges from asymptomatic/mild forms (the majority) to very severe cases (3). Currently, we are facing several challenges of difficult solution, such as lack of hospital and intensive care beds, shortage of personal protective equipment for health professionals, the loneliness and economic problems of isolated people, and the race for a vaccine and effective treatments.

scholarly journals Classification of COVID-19 and Pneumonia Using Deep Transfer Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mainuzzaman Mahin ◽  
Sajid Tonmoy ◽  
Rufaed Islam ◽  
Tahia Tazin ◽  
Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Learning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The World ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized COVID-19 as the cause of a global pandemic in 2019. COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in China in late December 2019 and is indeed referred to as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The whole globe was hit within several months. As millions of individuals around the world are infected with COVID-19, it has become a global health concern. The disease is usually contagious, and those who are infected can quickly pass it on to others with whom they come into contact. As a result, monitoring is an effective way to stop the virus from spreading further. Another disease caused by a virus similar to COVID-19 is pneumonia. The severity of pneumonia can range from minor to life-threatening. This is particularly hazardous for children, people over 65 years of age, and those with health problems or immune systems that are affected. In this paper, we have classified COVID-19 and pneumonia using deep transfer learning. Because there has been extensive research on this subject, the developed method concentrates on boosting precision and employs a transfer learning technique as well as a model that is custom-made. Different pretrained deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used to extract deep features. The classification accuracy was used to measure performance to a great extent. According to the findings of this study, deep transfer learning can detect COVID-19 and pneumonia from CXR images. Pretrained customized models such as MobileNetV2 had a 98% accuracy, InceptionV3 had a 96.92% accuracy, EffNet threshold had a 94.95% accuracy, and VGG19 had a 92.82% accuracy. MobileNetV2 has the best accuracy of all of these models.

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