scholarly journals Computational model of abiogenic amino acid condensation to obtain a polar amino acid profile.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Polanco ◽  
Thomas Buhse ◽  
José Lino Samaniego ◽  
Jorge Alberto Castañón González ◽  
Miguel Arias Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
Primordial Soup ◽  
The Universe

In accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, the Universe as a whole tends to higher entropy. However, the sequence of far-from-equilibrium events that led to the emergence of life on Earth could have imposed order and complexity during the course of chemical reactions in the so-called primordial soup of life. Hence, we may expect to find characteristic profiles or biases in the prebiotic product mixtures, as for instance among the first amino acids. Seeking to shed light on this hypothesis, we have designed a high performance computer program that simulates the spontaneous formation of the amino acid monomers in closed environments. The program was designed in reference to a prebiotic scenario proposed by Sydney W. Fox. The amino acid abundances and their polarities as the two principal biases were also taken into consideration. We regarded the computational model as exhaustive since 200,000 amino acid dimers were formed by simulation, subsequently expressed in a vector and compared with the corresponding amino acid dimers that were experimentally obtained by Fox. We found a very high similarity between the experimental results and our simulations.

scholarly journals Energy, genes and evolution: introduction to an evolutionary synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1622) ◽  
pp. 20120253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Lane ◽  
William F. Martin ◽  
John A. Raven ◽  
John F. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Major Transitions ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Energy Harnessing ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Planetary Habitability ◽  
Origin Of Eukaryotes

Life is the harnessing of chemical energy in such a way that the energy-harnessing device makes a copy of itself. No energy, no evolution. The ‘modern synthesis’ of the past century explained evolution in terms of genes, but this is only part of the story. While the mechanisms of natural selection are correct, and increasingly well understood, they do little to explain the actual trajectories taken by life on Earth. From a cosmic perspective—what is the probability of life elsewhere in the Universe, and what are its probable traits?—a gene-based view of evolution says almost nothing. Irresistible geological and environmental changes affected eukaryotes and prokaryotes in very different ways, ones that do not relate to specific genes or niches. Questions such as the early emergence of life, the morphological and genomic constraints on prokaryotes, the singular origin of eukaryotes, and the unique and perplexing traits shared by all eukaryotes but not found in any prokaryote, are instead illuminated by bioenergetics. If nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution, nothing in evolution makes sense except in the light of energetics. This Special Issue of Philosophical Transactions examines the interplay between energy transduction and genome function in the major transitions of evolution, with implications ranging from planetary habitability to human health. We hope that these papers will contribute to a new evolutionary synthesis of energetics and genetics.

scholarly journals Partitioning of amino acids and proteins into decanol using phase transfer agents towards understanding life in non-polar liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Thompson ◽  
Kayla Burt ◽  
Andrew Lee ◽  
Kyle Lingard ◽  
Sarah E. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
Charged Aerosol ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Transfer Agents

AbstractWater has many roles in the context of life on Earth, however throughout the universe, other liquids may be able to support the emergence of life. We looked at the ability of amino acids, peptides, a depsipeptide, and proteins to partition into a non-polar decanol phase, with and without the addition of a phase transfer agent. Partitioning evaluated using UV detection, or with HPLC coupled to either charged aerosol detection or ESI-MS. For amino acids and short peptides, phase transfer agents were used to move the biomolecules to the decanol phase, and this transfer was pH dependent. For larger molecules, phase transfer agents did not seem to affect the transfer. Both the depsipetide, valinomycin, and the protein Taq DNA polymerase had solubility in the decanol phase. Additionally, valinomycin appeared to retain its biological ability to bind to potassium ions. These results show that most terrestrial biological molecules are not compatible with non-polar solvents, but it is possible to find and perhaps evolve polymers that are functional in such phases.

scholarly journals The origin of life from primordial planets

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Gibson ◽  
Rudolph E. Schild ◽  
N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Space Telescopes ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Primordial Planets ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Primordial Soup ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

AbstractThe origin of life and the origin of the Universe are among the most important problems of science and they might be inextricably linked. Hydro-gravitational-dynamics cosmology predicts hydrogen–helium gas planets in clumps as the dark matter of galaxies, with millions of planets per star. This unexpected prediction is supported by quasar microlensing of a galaxy and a flood of new data from space telescopes. Supernovae from stellar over-accretion of planets produce the chemicals (C, N, O, P, etc.) and abundant liquid-water domains required for first life and the means for wide scattering of life prototypes. Life originated following the plasma-to-gas transition between 2 and 20 Myr after the big bang, while planetary core oceans were between critical and freezing temperatures, and interchanges of material between planets constituted essentially a cosmological primordial soup. Images from optical, radio and infrared space telescopes suggest life on Earth was neither first nor inevitable.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Protein Level and Amino Acid Profile in Eels (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor) of Lake Poso -

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin ◽  
Nur Atina ◽  
Yonelian Yuyun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Two Samples

In this study used a sample of eel fish species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor from Poso lake that has a high protein content and is a fish endemic to Central Sulawesi. These eels are consumed by the surrounding community of the lake, but the nutritional content remains unknown. The present research was aimed to determine the protein level and amino acid profile of Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels. The protein level testing used Kjeldahl method, and amino acid profile used High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results demonstrate the protein level of the two samples Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard eels have a protein content of 41.84% and Anguilla bicoloreels at 33.75%. Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels contain 18 types of amino acid, comprised of 9 types of essential amino acids and 9 types of non-essential amino acids. Of the two samples of eel species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor, have complete protein quality because it has all kinds of essential amino acids.

Yeast Proteins Originated from the Production of Brazilian Bioethanol Quantification and Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Steckelberg ◽  
Maria da GraÇa Stupiello Andrietta ◽  
Silvio Roberto Andrietta ◽  
Erika Nogueira Andrade Stupielloé
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The One

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine the levels of protein and the amino acid distribution in the cell mass of yeast strains (Saccharomyces sensu stricto) originated from Brazilian bioethanol industries. The protein was analyzed with the Kjeldahl method and the amino acids, by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The percentages of the protein found ranged from 39 to 49%. The results show that in spite of some variation in numbers between the different yeast strains, all of them presented an amino acid profile similar to the one in the literature for S. cerevisae. The amino acids that have occurred in the largest amounts were: aspartic, glutamic acids and lysine, and those in the lowest amounts were: cysteine and methionine. Although the characteristics of the feedstock used and the process conditions are determinant of the protein values obtained in dry mass, this work elucidates that the intrinsic properties of the yeast strain influence these values.

scholarly journals Impact of Microwave Thermal Processing on Major Grain Quality Traits of Linseed (Linum usitatissium L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Dragana Ljubojević Pelić ◽  
Milica Živkov Baloš ◽  
Jovanka Lević ◽  
Radivoj Prodanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The current study investigated the effects of thermal processing of the microwave technology on nutritive value, crude protein solubility, urease activity and amino acid profile on linseed grains. Samples were treated in a SAMSUNG GE82N-B microwave oven at 450W for 0 (L1), 60 (L2), 180 (L3), 300 (L4), and 420 (L5) seconds, respectively. Microwave treatment for 300 seconds showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in activity urease comparing to raw linseed. The raw and treated linseed protein solubility index (PDI) show statistical differences (p ≤ 0.05) between all the treatments compared. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of samples differences in the amino acid composition between controls and experimental treatments showed that amino acids were not significantly affected (p ≥ 0.05), except isoleucine and leucine amino acid (p ≤ 0.05). From the results of the present study, it is possible to identify that the best method for improving linseed quality for animal feed is the application of microwave for 60 second (treatment L2). Our results indicate that microwave thermal processing or micronizing dry thermal processing of grains could be successfully used in large industrial feed production with a short period of time and the improved nutritional parameters of grains, increased shelf-life and the unchanged amino acid profile of treated grains.

scholarly journals Changes in amino acid profile of cord blood plasma and amniotic fluid of mothers with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Lomova ◽  
VV Chagovets ◽  
EL Dolgopolova ◽  
AV Novoselova ◽  
UL Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 are at risk for infection, they may have high risk of complications during the neonatal period, and long-term health consequences. The study was aimed to define the amino acid profile of blood plasma and amniotic fluid in patients with COVID-19 in order to assess the relationship between the COVID-19 infection during the antenatal period, and metabolomic alterations in the “intrauterine” patient. The levels of 31 amino acids in the samples of amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma of pregnant women with COVID-19, obtained during delivery, were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The index group included 29 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and the control group included 17 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in the concentrations of eight amino acids between the studied groups. Logistic regression models were developed (sensitivity 0.84; specificity 1) making it possible to define, whether the assessed amniotic fluid was obtained from COVID-19 patients. Significant differences in the concentrations of four amino acids were observed in the umbilical cord blood. The models developed made it possible to define whether the studied cord blood plasma belonged to controls or to COVID-19 patients (sensitivity and specificity 1). Three amino acids were detected, and their levels were significantly different in COVID-19 patients simultaneously in two points (amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma), depicting the fetal metabolome in a holistic manner. The impact of the virus on those infected results in pronounced metabolomic alterations in the amniotic fluid and the fetal cord blood plasma, which may lead to impaired programming of protein production, but never show up at birth.

scholarly journals Variation in protein and amino acids content among landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Ángel Ramón Flores-Sosa ◽  
Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños ◽  
Anaberta Cardador-Martínez ◽  
José Luis Chávez-Servia ◽  
Araceli Minerva Vera-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

Native bean populations (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) provide bioactive and nutrient compounds; however, their amino acid profiles are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the protein content and amino acid profile of 46 native bean populations cultivated by small farmers in Oaxaca, Mexico, and compare them with that of commercial beans. Through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 16 amino acids were identified and quantified in all samples. The region of origin influenced the concentrations of amino acids. The Santa Lucia Miahuatlan populations stood out for their high content of isoleucine, threonine, methionine, arginine, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and cysteine. Amino acid content showed high variability among the populations; accessions labeled as FSLM22, FSLM27, FSLM28, and FSLM32 were enriched in aliphatic, hydroxylated, aromatic, acidic, and basic amino acids, while the FSLM14, FSLM17, and FSLM18 populations had the highest concentrations of sulfur amino acids. The FSLM01, FSLM22, FSLM27, FSLM28, FSLM30, and FSLM32 populations frequently displayed the highest concentrations of essential amino acids. The findings show that samples of native populations are highly variable in amino acid content due to the genetic characteristics of cultivated beans, environmental and agroecological influences, and crop management by farmers. The beans populations stood out can be used for direct use or a basis for the initiation of a breeding program.

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