scholarly journals New spectrophotometric methods for the determination of nifedipine in pharmaceutical formulations.

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisur Rahman ◽  
Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Nitro Group ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Beer’S Law

Two simple, sensitive and economical spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of nifedipine in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the reaction of the nitro group of the drug with potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) medium to form a coloured product, which absorbs maximally at 430 nm. Method B uses oxidation of the drug with ammonium molybdate and subsequently reduced molybdenum blue is measured at 830 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5.0-50.0 and 2.5-45.0 microg ml(-1) with methods A and B, respectively. Both methods have been successfully applied for the assay of the drug in pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. The reliability and the performance of the proposed methods are established by point and interval hypothesis tests and through recovery studies.

scholarly journals Optimization and Validation of Quantitative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vamsi Krishna ◽  
D. Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Control Application

Three accurate, simple and precise spectrophotometric methods for the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride in bulk drugs and tablets are developed. The first method is based on the reaction of alfuzosin with ninhydrin reagent inN, N'-dimethylformamide medium (DMF) producing a colored product which absorbs maximally at 575 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 12.5-62.5 µg/mL of alfuzosin. The second method is based on the reaction of drug with ascorbic acid in DMF medium resulting in the formation of a colored product, which absorbs maximally at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration 10-50 µg/mL of alfuzosin. The third method is based on the reaction of alfuzosin withp-benzoquinone (PBQ) to form a colored product with λmax at 400 nm. The products of the reaction were stable for 2 h at room temperature. The optimum experimental parameters for the reactions have been studied. The validity of the described procedures was assessed. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. The proposed methods could be used for the determination of alfuzosin in pharmaceutical formulations. The procedures were rapid, simple and suitable for quality control application.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Rapid Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Anticancer Drugs

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmarajaiah Nagaraja ◽  
Ramanathapura A Vasantha ◽  
Hemmige S Yathirajan
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Vincristine Sulfate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Abstract Sensitive, rapid, and simple spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of the anticancer drugs vinblastine sulfate (VBS) and vincristine sulfate (VCS), which belong to the class of vinca alkaloids. The first method is based on the reaction of VBS and VCS with diazotized dapsone, forming yellow azo products with absorption maxima at 430 nm. The colored species obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 0.5–24 μg/mL for VBS and 0.5–12 μg/mL for VCS. The second method describes the reaction of VBS and VCS with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with ferricyanide in hydrochloric acid medium to yield blue products with absorption maxima at 750 nm. The Beer's law range for this method is 0.1–4 μg/mL for VBS and 0.5–10 μg/mL for VCS. With both methods, colored species were stable for 1 h. The methods are simple and reproducible and are applied for determination of VBS and VCS in pharmaceutical formulations. Commonly encountered pharmaceuticals added as excipients do not interfere in the analysis and the results obtained in the analysis of dosage forms agree well with the labeled contents.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Investigations of the Assay of Physiologically Active Catecholamines in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraj S Nagaralli ◽  
Jaldappa Seetharamappa ◽  
Mahaveer B Melwanki ◽  
Kunabevu C Ramesh ◽  
Jathi Keshavayya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Dopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
The Common

Abstract Two simple, sensitive, and accurate spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of levodopa (LD), methyldopa (MD), dopamine hydrochloride (DP), and pyrocatechol (PC) in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on measurement of the absorbances of tris( o-phenanthroline)iron(II) (method A) and tris(bipyridyl)iron(II) (method B) obtained by the oxidation of the catecholamines by iron(III) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridyl at 510 and 522 nm, respectively. The absorbances were found to increase linearly with increases in the concentrations of the catecholamines, results which were corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficients (0.9990–0.9996). Beer's law was valid over the concentration ranges of 0.04–0.6, 0.06–0.75, 0.06–0.65, and 0.05–0.70 μg/mL in method A and 0.02–1.0, 0.04–1.3, 0.05–1.0, and 0.06–1.1 μg/mL in method B for PC, MD, LD, and DP, respectively. The common excipients and additives did not interfere in their determinations. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the assay of LD, MD, and DP in various dosage forms. The results were validated by statistical analysis.

scholarly journals Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Lamotrigine in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Formulations using Bromocresol Green

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
N. Rajendraprasad ◽  
K. Basavaiah ◽  
K. B. Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
The Stability

Two new, simple, rapid and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of lamotrigine (LMT) both in pure form and in its tablets. The first method (method A) is based on the formation of a colored ion-pair complex (1:1 drug/dye) of LMT with bromocresol green (BCG) at pH 5.02±0.01 and extraction of the complex into dichloromethane followed by the measurement of the yellow ion-pair complex at 410 nm. In the second (method B), the drug-dye ion-pair complex was dissolved in ethanolic potassium hydroxide and the resulting base form of the dye was measured at 620 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1.5-15 μg mL-1 and 0.5-5.0 μg mL-1 for method A and method B, respectively, and the  = corresponding molar absorptivity values are 1.6932 x 104 and 3.748 x 104L mol-1cm-1. The Sandell sensitivity values are 0.0151 and 0.0068 μg cm-2 for method A and method B, respectively. The stoichiometry of the ion-pair complex formed between the dug and dye (1:1) was determined by Job’s continuous variations method and the stability constant of the complex was also calculated. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of drug in commercial tablets.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefepime Hydrochloride, Cefoperazone Sodium, Ceftazidime Pentahydrate. Cefuroxime Sodium and Etamsylate Using Ammonium Molybdate

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Elazazy ◽  
Abdalla Shalaby ◽  
M. Elbolkiny ◽  
Hawa Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Cefoperazone Sodium ◽  
Chromogenic Agent ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Medium ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of five drugs of pharmaceutical interest; cefepime HCI , cefoperazone Na , ceftazidime pentahydrate , cefuroxime Na and etamsylate in pure form as well as in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reduction of the chromogenic agent , ammonium molybdate (Mo6+), to molybdenum blue (Mo5+) by the examined drugs in sulphuric acid medium and by aid of heating in boiling water bath. The resulting "blue coloured" product possess a characteristic λmax at 695-716 nm. Beers law is obeyed over the concentration range of 2-70 μg ml-1 with molar absorpitivities ranging from 2.704×10-3–24.14×10-3 L.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell sensitivities ranging from 1.03x10-3–5.4x10-3 μg cm-2. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of the examined drugs both in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method are comparable with those of the reported methods .

Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shebeeb Al-kadumi ◽  
Sahar Rihan Fadhel ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed ◽  
Luma Amer Musa
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Label Claim

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
MONIR Z. SAAD ◽  
ATEF AMER ◽  
KHALED ELGENDY ◽  
BASEM ELGENDY
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Objective: Two simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The proposed methods are based on the oxidation of SOF and DAC by a known excess of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in sulphuric acid medium followed by determination of unreacted cerium(IV) by adding a fixed amount of indigo carmine (IC) and alizarin red S (ARS) dyes followed by measuring the absorbance at 610 and 360 nm, respectively. The experimental conditions affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. Results: The beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 0.2-3.0, 0.2-4.0 for SOF and 0.5-4.5 and 0.5-5.0 μg/ml for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9991. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 2.354 × 104, 1.933 × 104 for SOF and 1.786 × 104 and 2.015 × 104 L/mol. cm for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively u. The limits of detection and quantification are also reported. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the methods have been evaluated. Conclusion: The methods were successfully applied to the assay of SOF and DAC in tablets and the results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from the common tablet excipients. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies using the standard addition method.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Methods for the Assay of Pyrilamine Maleate Using Chromogenic Reagents

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Annapurna ◽  
G. Jyothi ◽  
V. Nagalakshmi ◽  
B. B. V. Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexation

Simple, accurate and reproducible UV spectrophotometric methods were established for the assay of pyrilamine maleate (PYRA) based on the formation of oxidative coupling and precipitation, charge transfer complexation products. Method A includes the oxidative coupling reaction of PYRA with 3-methyl-2-benzathiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in presence of Ce(IV). The formation of oxidative coupling product with 4-amino phenazone (4-AP) in presence of K3Fe(CN)6is incorporated in method B. Precipitation/charge transfer complex formation of the PYRA with tannic acid (TA)/Metol-Cr(VI) in method C were proposed. The optical characteristics such as Beers law limits, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity for the methods (A-C) are given. Regression analysis using the method of least squares was made to evaluate the slope (b), intercept (a) and correlation coefficient (r) and standard error of estimation (Se) for each system. Determination of pyrilamine in bulk form and in pharmaceutical formulations were also incorporated.

scholarly journals Estimation of Levocetirizine in Bulk and Formulation by First Order Derivative Area under Curve UV-Spectrophotometric Methods.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Pandurang Tukaram Mane
Keyword(s):  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Order Derivative ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
First Order ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Levocetirizine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 235-243 nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Levocetirizine using 5-25?g/ml (r=0.9994) for first order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. The proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Bulk and Formulation by Second Order Derivative Area Under Curve UV-Spectrophotometric Methods.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Rekha Sudam Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Derivative ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Distilled Water. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 272-280nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Tramadol Hydrochloride using 2-10?g/ml (r=0.9925) for second order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Tramadol Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.

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