scholarly journals Optimization and Validation of Quantitative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vamsi Krishna ◽  
D. Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Control Application

Three accurate, simple and precise spectrophotometric methods for the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride in bulk drugs and tablets are developed. The first method is based on the reaction of alfuzosin with ninhydrin reagent inN, N'-dimethylformamide medium (DMF) producing a colored product which absorbs maximally at 575 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 12.5-62.5 µg/mL of alfuzosin. The second method is based on the reaction of drug with ascorbic acid in DMF medium resulting in the formation of a colored product, which absorbs maximally at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration 10-50 µg/mL of alfuzosin. The third method is based on the reaction of alfuzosin withp-benzoquinone (PBQ) to form a colored product with λmax at 400 nm. The products of the reaction were stable for 2 h at room temperature. The optimum experimental parameters for the reactions have been studied. The validity of the described procedures was assessed. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. The proposed methods could be used for the determination of alfuzosin in pharmaceutical formulations. The procedures were rapid, simple and suitable for quality control application.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Rapid Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Anticancer Drugs

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmarajaiah Nagaraja ◽  
Ramanathapura A Vasantha ◽  
Hemmige S Yathirajan
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Vincristine Sulfate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Vinblastine Sulfate

Abstract Sensitive, rapid, and simple spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of the anticancer drugs vinblastine sulfate (VBS) and vincristine sulfate (VCS), which belong to the class of vinca alkaloids. The first method is based on the reaction of VBS and VCS with diazotized dapsone, forming yellow azo products with absorption maxima at 430 nm. The colored species obey Beer's law in the concentration range of 0.5–24 μg/mL for VBS and 0.5–12 μg/mL for VCS. The second method describes the reaction of VBS and VCS with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with ferricyanide in hydrochloric acid medium to yield blue products with absorption maxima at 750 nm. The Beer's law range for this method is 0.1–4 μg/mL for VBS and 0.5–10 μg/mL for VCS. With both methods, colored species were stable for 1 h. The methods are simple and reproducible and are applied for determination of VBS and VCS in pharmaceutical formulations. Commonly encountered pharmaceuticals added as excipients do not interfere in the analysis and the results obtained in the analysis of dosage forms agree well with the labeled contents.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Carboxin in its Formulations and Environmental Samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Swarna ◽  
K. Purushotham Naidu ◽  
G. Nagendrudu ◽  
N. V. S. Naidu ◽  
K. Saraswathi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Label Claim ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Good Agreement

Simple, precise, rapid, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of carboxin in pure form and in its formulations. The first method is based on oxidative coupling of carboxin with 1,10-phenonthrolin in presence of ferric chloride to form orange colored product with λmaxof 510 nm. The product obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range 1-10 mL (10 to 100 µg/mL) with molar absorptivity of 1.1425×103Sandell's sensitivity 0.2061. The second method is based on the reaction of carboxin with 2,2'-bipyridine to form orange red colored product exhibiting λmaxof 522 nm with molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity 2.2605×103, 0.1041 respectively. It obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 0.5-50 mL (5 to 50 µg/mL). The assay of results was found to be in good agreement with label claim.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Stability-Indicating Methods for the Determination of Leflunomide in the Presence of Its Degradates

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah S Abbas ◽  
Lories I Bebawy ◽  
Laila A Fattah ◽  
Heba H Refaat
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Derivative Spectrophotometry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
First Derivative Spectrophotometry ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Beer’S Law

Abstract Five simple and sensitive methods were developed for the determination of leflunomide (I) in the presence of its degradates 4-trifluoromethyl aniline (II) and 3-methyl-4-carboxy isoxazole (III). Method A was based on differential derivative spectrophotometry by measuring the △1D value at 279.5 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0020.00 μg/mL with mean percentage accuracy of 100.07 1.32. Method B depended on first-derivative spectrophotometry and measuring the amplitude at 253.4 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0016.00 μg/mL with mean percentage accuracy of 98.42 1.61. Method C was based on the reaction of degradate (II) with 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (Gibbs reagent). The colored product was measured at 469 nm. Method D depended on the reaction of degradate (II) with para-dimethyl aminocinnamaldehyde (p-DAC). The absorbance of the colored product was measured at 533.4 nm. Method E utilized 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of cerric ammonium sulfate with degradate (II). The green colored product was measured at 605.5 nm. The linearity range was 40.00-280.00, 2.40-24.00, and 30-250 μg/mL with mean percentage accuracy of 100.75 1.21, 100.13 1.45, and 99.74 1.39 for Methods CE, respectively. All variables were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of leflunomide in pharmaceutical dosage forms and the results were statistically compared with that previously reported.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Color Reactions for Spectrophotometric Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk Drugs and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽  
Dannana Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pitavastatin Calcium ◽  
Color Reactions

Three simple, sensitive and cost effective Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of pitavastatin calcium (PST) in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the oxidation of PST by ferric chloride in presence ofo-phenanthroline (Method A) or 2, 2’ bipyridyl (Method B) or potassium ferricyanide (Method C). The colored complex formed was measured at 510, 530 and 755 nm for method A, B and C respectively against the reagent blank prepared in the same manner. The optimum experimental parameters for the color production are selected. Beer’s law is valid with in a concentration range of 4-20 μg mL-1for method A, 7.5-37.5 μg mL-1for method B and 5 -25 μg mL-1for method C. For more accurate results, ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 5-18 μg mL-1for method A , 8.5-35.5 μg mL-1for method B and 6.0-23.0 μg mL-1for method C. The molar absorptivities are 3.55x104, 2.10x104and 3.10x104L mol-1cm-1. Where as sandell sensitivities are 0.024, 0.041 and 0.028 μg cm-22 for method A, B and C respectively. The mean percentage recoveries are 99.95 for method A, 101.35 for method B and 100.33 for method C. The developed methods were applied for the determination of PST in bulk powder and in the pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from tablet excipients.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of sotalol in tablets

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Y. M. Zhuk ◽  
S. O. Vasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Colored Product

In this investigation a visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of sotalol based on the absorbance of colored product of the reaction between sotalol hydrochloride and bromcresol purple in acetone medium at 399 nm measurement was developed. The optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of sotalol hydrochloride in the content of pharmaceutical drugs were established. The stoichiometric relationship coefficients between sotalol hydrochloride and bromcresol purple were determined. The validation of the worked out procedure on such validated characteristics as linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness was carried out. The aim. To develop a highly sensitive, easy to use, cost-effective and valid method for quantitative determination of sotalol hydrochloride in dosage forms. The analysis method. Visible spectrophotometry. The analytical parameters such as molar absorptivity, Beer’s law limits and Sandell’s sensitivity values were calculated. The developed methods give the result with repeatability sufficient for dependable determination the investigated substance in pharmaceutical formulations. Accuracy established by analyte addition technique. Determined factors that influence on the absorbance value: reagent quantity and timing stability. Sample solutions stable during 30 min. Addition to sample solution ± 10% bromcresol purple solution is not change the absorbance value. Established that reaction between sotalol hydrochloride and bromcresol purple proceeds in acetone medium at room temperature. Molar absorption coefficient is 2,62∙103.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Aciclovir, Cefepirne Hydrochloride, Etamsylate and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Usina 1,10 Phenanttrroline—Fe(lll) Reaqent

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Elazazy ◽  
Abdalla Shalaby ◽  
M. N. Elbolkiny ◽  
Hawa M. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Reagent Blank ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride

A simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of aciclovir, cefepime HCI, etamsylate and metoclopramide HCI in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations is developed.The method is based on the fomabon of tris(o-phenanthroline) iron(ll) complex (Ferroin) upon the reaction of the ated drugs wrth iron(lll )-o- phenanthroline mixture. The ferroin complex is colorimetncally measured at λmax 510 nm against a reagent blank. 0ptimization of the experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range from 0.25–30 µg ml−1 with molar absorpitivities (ε) ranging from 4.796 x 103–9.51 2 x 104 L.mol−1.cm−1 and Sandell sensitivities (S) of 2.129 x 10−3–34.5 x 10−3 µg cm−2. The developed method is applied successfully for the determination of the cited drugs in pure forms and in the corresponding pharmaceutical formulations without any interferences from common excipients.

scholarly journals Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Torsemide in Bulk Drug and in Formulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽  
Dannana Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Bulk Drug

A simple and cost effective spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of torsemide in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the formation of blue colored chromogen when the drug reacts with Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent in alkaline medium. The colored species has an absorption maximum at 760 nm and obeys beer's law in the concentration range 30 – 150 ug mL−1. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of TSM, which is corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9999 (n=8). The apparent molar absorptivity and sandell sensitivity were 1.896×103L mol−1cm−1and 0.183 μg cm−2, respectively. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regression line are 5.4x10−3and 1.00×10−4respectively. The limit of detection was 0.94.The optimum experimental parameters for the reaction have been studied. The validity of the described procedure was assessed. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of TSM in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of the Antidepressant Drug Paroxetine Hydrochloride in Tablets

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armağan Önal ◽  
Evrim.Ş Kepekçi ◽  
Aysel Öztunç
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Paroxetine Hydrochloride

Abstract Simple, sensitive, and accurate visible spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of paroxetine hydrochloride (PA) in tablets. Among them, the first 3 methods are based on the ion-pair complexes of PA formed with bromothymol blue (BTB), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromocresol green (BCG) in aqueous acidic buffers. The complex species extracted into chloroform were quantitatively measured at 414 nm with BTB and BCG and at 412 nm with BPB. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2–20, 2–16, and 2–16 μg/mL, respectively. The fourth method described is based on a coupling reaction between PA and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazon (NBD-Cl) in borate buffer, pH 8.5, in which a yellow reaction product that was measured at 478 nm was formed. The Beer's law range for this method was 2–10 μg/mL. The last method developed describes the interaction of PA base, as an n-electron donor, with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), as a π-acceptor, in acetonitrile to give blue-colored TCNQ− radical anion with absorption maxima at 750 and 845 nm. Measured at 845 nm, the absorbance–concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 1.5–15 μg/mL. The new methods developed were successfully applied to the determination of PA in tablets without any interference from common tablet excipients. The results of the methods were in good agreement with those obtained with an official liquid chromatographic method. This report describes first colorimetric methods for the determination of PA.

scholarly journals Determination of Cefixime Using Batch, Cloud Point Extraction and Flow Injection as New Spectrophotometric Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nisreen Kais Abood ◽  
Mohammed Jasim M. Hassan ◽  
Muneer A. AL-Da'amy
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Beer's Law ◽  
Beer’S Law

Three simple, sensitive, selective, accurate and efficient spectrophotometric methodsfor determining cefixime in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations havedescribed. The first method involved conversion of NH 2 in cefixime to diazoniumsalt, which has coupled with Bisphenol A in an alkaline medium. The orange coloredproduct showed λ max at 490 nm and followed Beer's law over a concentration range of1-50 μg mL -1 , with molar absorptivity of 0.866×10 4 L.mol -1 .cm -1 and the detectionlimit was 0.157 μg.mL -1 . The second method involved pre-concentration of a traceamount of cefixime-azo dyes using cloud point extraction (CPE). The extracted drug-dye was spectrophotometrically measured at λ max 500. The constructed calibrationcurve to determine cefixime followed Beer’s law in a range of 0.25-6 μg.mL -1 , with acorrelation coefficient of 0.9998, molar absorptivity of 0.961×10 5 L.mol -1 .cm -1 andthe detection limit was equal to 0.031 μg.mL -1 . The pre-concentration factor was 25and distribution coefficient (D) was 314.03.A diazotization of the studied drug (cefixime) and its coupling with Bisphenol A wasstudied using a developed flow injection analysis method, based on the detection ofthe absorption of the diazotization product. Chemical and physical properties [ofwhat??] were studied to develop the suggested method and to determine the stabilityof the colored of product. A flow rate of 2.5 mL.min -1 , 50 cm reaction coil and 100μL sample volume were used to operate the system and the orange colored productwas detected at 490 nm. The proposed three methods were successfully applied todetermine cefixime in pharmaceutical formulation, where results were satisfactory

scholarly journals Batch and Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Thymol Using Procaine Hydrochloride as a New Chromogenic Reagent

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Procaine Hydrochloride ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Mouth Wash ◽  
Versus Concentration

New, simple and sensitive batch and Flow-injecton spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Thymol in pure form and in mouth wash preparations have been proposed in this study. These methods were based on a diazotization and coupling reaction between Thymol and diazotized procaine HCl in alkaline medium to form an intense orange-red water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 474 nm. A graphs of absorbance versus concentration show that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.4-4.8 and 4-80 µg.ml-1 of Thymol, with detection limits of 0.072 and 1.807 µg.ml-1 of Thymol for batch and FIA methods respectively. The FIA procedure sample throughput was 80 h-1. All different chemical and physical experimental parameters that affecting on the development and stability of the colored product were carefully studied and the proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of Thymol in mouth wash preparations.

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