scholarly journals Gemini (dimeric) surfactant perturbation of the human erythrocyte.

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dubnicková ◽  
M Bobrowska-Hägerstrand ◽  
T Söderström ◽  
A Iglic ◽  
H Hägerstrand
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Phosphatidylserine Exposure ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Dimeric Surfactant

We studied the ability of di-cationic gemini surfactantsdi (amphiphiles), i.e. 1,4-butanediammonium-N,N-dialkyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl bromides (Di-Cm-di-QAS (s = 4), where m = 8, 11, 13, 16 and s = the number of alkyl groups in the spacer) to induce shape alteration, vesiculation, haemolysis and phosphatidylserine exposure in human erythrocytes, and to protect erythrocytes against hypotonic haemolysis. At high sublytic concentrations the Di-Cm-di-QAS (s = 4) amphiphiles rapidly induced echinocytic (spiculated) shapes and a release of exovesicles, mainly in the form of tubes, from the cell surface. Following 60 min incubation erythrocytes were sphero-echinocytic and a few cells with invaginations/endovesicles were observed. No phosphatidylserine exposure was detected. The haemolytic potency increased with an increase of the alkyl chain length. At sublytic concentrations the Di-Cm-di-QAS (s = 4) amphiphiles protected erythrocytes against hypotonic haemolysis. It is suggested that the Di-Cm-di-QAS (s = 4) amphiphiles perturb the membrane in a similar way as single-chain cationic amphiphiles, but that they do not easily translocate to the inner membrane leaflet.

The ability of single-chain surfactants to emulsify an aqueous-based liquid crystal oscillates with odd–even parity of alkyl-chain length

2013 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Varghese ◽  
Gauri S. Shetye ◽  
Sijie Yang ◽  
Stephan Wilkens ◽  
Robert P. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Single Chain

Poly(n-alkylsilsesquioxane) liquids prepared by cosolvent-free hydrolytic polycondensation of n-alkyltrialkoxysilanes: effects of liquid–liquid phase separation during aging and alkyl chain length on structure and viscosity

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (39) ◽  
pp. 15532-15540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Fukuda ◽  
Koichi Kajihara ◽  
Shiori Kakinoki ◽  
Junhyeok Jang ◽  
Hirohisa Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Liquid Phase Separation ◽  
Hydrolytic Polycondensation ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

Trimetoxy- and triethoxysilanes with the same n-alkyl groups yield polysilsesquioxane liquids of similar properties by cosolvent-free hydrolytic polycondensation via aging.

The effect of alkyl chain length on the structure of lead(ii) xanthates and their decomposition to PbS in melt reactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (41) ◽  
pp. 16345-16353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. McNaughter ◽  
Selina A. Saah ◽  
Masood Akhtar ◽  
Khadijat Abdulwahab ◽  
M. Azad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Pbs Nanocrystals ◽  
Alkyl Groups

Lead(ii) n-alkylxanthates with varying alkyl groups are used in melt reactions to impart size control on the PbS nanocrystals formed.

scholarly journals Construction of a quaternary ammonium salt platform with different alkyl groups for antibacterial and biosensor applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2941-2949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Lv ◽  
Chuang Liu ◽  
Shixin Song ◽  
Yun Qiao ◽  
Yuanjiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Biosensor Applications

The immobilized-protein in an appropriate alkyl chain length of DM displayed higher antibacterial activities, exhibited a more effective DET and a promising catalytic activity toward H2O2.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized with Phosphorus-Containing Heterocyclic Surfactants: Synthesis, Physico-Chemical Properties, and Biological Activity Determination

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Martin Pisárčik ◽  
Miloš Lukáč ◽  
Josef Jampílek ◽  
František Bilka ◽  
Andrea Bilková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phosphorus Containing

Phosphorus-containing heterocyclic cationic surfactants alkyldimethylphenylphospholium bromides with the alkyl chain length 14 to 18 carbon atoms were used for the stabilization of silver nanodispersions. Zeta potential of silver nanodispersions ranges from +35 to +70 mV, which indicates the formation of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Long-chain heptadecyl and octadecyl homologs of the surfactants series provided the most intensive stabilizing effect to AgNPs, resulting in high positive zeta potential values and smaller diameter of AgNPs in the range 50–60 nm. A comparison with non-heterocyclic alkyltrimethylphosphonium surfactants of the same alkyl chain length showed better stability and more positive zeta potential values for silver nanodispersions stabilized with heterocyclic phospholium surfactants. Investigations of biological activity of phospholium-capped AgNPs are represented by the studies of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. While cytotoxicity results revealed an increased level of HepG2 cell growth inhibition as compared with the cytotoxicity level of silver-free surfactant solutions, no enhanced antimicrobial action of phospholium-capped AgNPs against microbial pathogens was observed. The comparison of cytotoxicity of AgNPs stabilized with various non-heterocyclic ammonium and phosphonium surfactants shows that AgNPs capped with heterocyclic alkyldimethylphenylphospholium and non-heterocyclic triphenyl-substituted phosphonium surfactants have the highest cytotoxicity among silver nanodispersions stabilized by the series of ammonium and phosphonium surfactants.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical and gel properties of heat-induced pasteurized liquid egg white gel: effect of alkyl chain length of alcohol

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1229-1243
Author(s):  
Danai Charoensuk ◽  
Robert G. Brannan ◽  
Wilailuk Chaiyasit ◽  
Wanlop Chanasattru
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Alkyl Chain Length ◽  
Gel Properties ◽  
Gel Effect ◽  
Physico Chemical
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