Main ECE transport infrastructure networks and nodes exposed to potential impacts from climate change

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Networks

scholarly journals Demographic determinants of energy consumption in the European Union: Econometric analysis results

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Petrovic ◽  
Goran Nikolic ◽  
Ivana Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Human Society

Over the past several decades there has been a strong intensifying trend of human society impact on ecosystems, consumption of natural resources and global change. The environmental impact of the society is fully apparent and dominantly implemented through various greenhouse gases emissions (GHG), leading towards global climate change with considerably spread harmful effects. Global climate change includes the earth and ocean surface and atmospheric warming, but also melting of snow and ice, increase of sea levels and ocean acidity, as well as ever more common natural phenomena extremes (winds, various forms of rainfall/precipitation, extremely low or high temperatures, etc.). Scientists are well-familiarized with the fact that use of fossil fuels, such as oil derivatives and coal, is the main generator of harmful gases. In addition, possible substitutions for fossil fuels in the form of other energy sources are very limited, and it should be remembered that other energy sources also have certain adverse environmental effects. Bearing in mind climate change caused by products of fossil fuels combustion, as well as inevitable depletion of natural crude oil resources, management of growing global energy demand becomes one of the key goals and challenges of 21st century. If these reasons are coupled with obligations emanating from Kyoto Protocol, it is clear that attention of researches should be more than reasonably focused on the main determinants of energy consumption. This study is focused on illumination of key demographic and economic determinants of energy consumption in 28 EU member states in the period 1960- 2014. The results obtained demonstrate that population positively and quite strongly influence total energy consumption. An increase of population of 1% will result in an increase of energy consumption of 1.59% to 1.76%. Such relation most probably can be explained by the fact that demographic growth of the society aggravates and complicates planning processes of efficient energy consumption, diminishing the ability of society to be energy efficient. The population effect of persons aged 65 and above to energy consumption is also positive. An increase in share of this age group of 1% will result in an increase in energy consumption of approximately 0.43%. Positive elasticity coefficient should be understood as a proof that European societies with higher share of senior citizens consume more energy that societies with higher share of younger population, not necessarily as an argument that senior citizens use more energy than younger population. The explanation for such nature of a cause-andeffect relation could be that high share of senior citizens influences the structure of production and consumption, spatial distribution of population, transport infrastructure and social services provided. A significant influence on energy consumption in the EU is made by the level of economic development of countries, which is in accordance with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggesting a relation of inverted letter ?U?. The amount of income per capita needed to have the EKC expressed ranges between 54,183 and 81,552 dollars.

Exposure of urban infrastructure because of climate change-induced flood: lesson from municipal level planning in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Ishrat Islam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exposure Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Flood Exposure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Municipal Level

Purpose Bangladesh is one of the most flood-prone countries in the world. A number of research works have identified that the flood scenario will be aggravated with climate change context in Bangladesh. In 2014, Bangladesh had prepared municipal level master plan for 222 municipalities with a view to planned urban development. But climate change-induced flood has not been considered in master plan, which poses a question toward the sustainability of the plan. Ullapara Municipality of Sirajganj district has been selected to conduct the research. This study aims to evaluate how infrastructure in proposed master plan will be exposed to climate change-induced flood. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of this study follows geographic information system (GIS)-based flood exposure analysis of selected infrastructure. These infrastructures include transport infrastructure, educational infrastructure, health infrastructure and other urban facilities. Climate change-induced flood for the year 2040 has been used for flood exposure analysis. Findings It is evident from the flood exposure analysis that about 33.99% roads will be exposed to 1.5 m–2 m inundation level; seven primary school, six secondary school and four colleges would be highly exposed to 2.0 m–2.50 m inundation level; four health facilities would be exposed to 1.0 m–2.0 m inundation level because of future climate change. This inundation scenario for long duration will lead to dysfunction of concerned infrastructure and, in turn, undermine the stability of a socioeconomic system of Ullapara Municipality. Originality/value As the master plan is not fully implemented till now, there is scope for intervention for considering climate change-induced flood to make the plan sustainable.

Approach to Risk Management for the Hydrocarbon-Transport Infrastructure With Regard to Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Zapata Posada ◽  
Jaime Hernán Aristizábal Ceballos ◽  
Julián Fernando Chaves Agudelo ◽  
Milton Eduardo Pardo Romero
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

Planet Earth has recently witnessed a change in the behavior of climate variables (including temperature, rainfall, etc.), primarily attributed to global warming. This climate change is a threat that is materializing and has affected elements of the infrastructure, ecosystems, and environmental conditions worldwide, as well as the National Development Plans [“Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo”]. The hydrocarbon-transport infrastructure in Colombia has not escaped the effects of climate variability. Therefore, a strategy must be devised to manage the risk and to adapt these systems in the light of potential harmful effects, and also to supplement or improve the mitigation measures for the effects generated by the oil industry through its operations. Climate disturbances lead to an increase in the likelihood of landslides, wildfires, floods, avalanches, and other natural hazards. The major climate changes that have been identified and that may affect hydrocarbon-transfer systems in Colombia are the following ones: • A gradual increase in temperature. • Changes in the patterns and amounts of rainfall. • A rise in sea level. • An increase in the severity and frequency of extreme weather events. The strategy for adapting the hydrocarbon-transport systems in light of climate change focuses primarily on the following points: 1. Acquiring more knowledge about the climatic changes that are expected to occur in Colombia, including the change in the major climatic variables and their georeferencing. 2. Diagnosing the transport systems and their spatial correlation with future climate scenarios. 3. Identifying the industries or elements of the infrastructure that are most vulnerable to the expected climatic changes. 4. Proposing measures that will add strength and/or resilience, so that the elements of the system can resist the effects of climate change, or overcome them within a short period of time, without affecting the Business. 5. Prioritizing the interventions to be performed at sites that are critical to the Business. 6. Monitoring and tracking the climatic variables in order to adjust the susceptibility models in light of the major impacts (e.g., landslides). The primary goal of this paper is to outline the initiative that has been proposed by the Technical Asset Management Bureau [“Gerencia Técnica de Activos”] (GTA) of Ecopetrol’s Office of the Vice President for Transportation and Logistics [“Vicepresidencia de Transporte y Logística”] (VIT Ecopetrol) in order to adapt the currently operating transport systems so that they can deal with climate change, while ensuring their healthful and safe operation, in compliance with the applicable technical legal requirements. Another goal of this paper is to highlight the advances that have been made by the GTA in the procurement, compilation, analysis, and use of climate information and geotechnical data as basic elements of risk management.

scholarly journals Relations Between Urban Subsoil and Climate Change in Different Neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuela Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Mara Telles Salles
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Soil Sealing ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Underground Infrastructure

Abstract Most cities have grown in a disorderly manner without planning or concern for the environment while urban infrastructure networks were emerging and being implemented. Furthermore, it is known that impacts on the environment such as increasing the soil-sealing rate favor increases in temperature and the formation of heat islands leading to climate change. Therefore, the study objective was to analyze the impacts of disorderly occupation of the urban subsoil by underground infrastructure networks on permeable areas and their relationship with climate change. The methodology was based on bibliographic research and a field survey. It was found that the greater the disorderly occupation of the urban subsoil, the smaller the areas destined as green and permeable areas and the greater the vulnerability to climate change.

Development of Non-Motorized Infrastructure Network in Oradea City Using Dijkstra Algorithm in ArcGIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Ilie ◽  
Cristina Ștefănică ◽  
Oana Dinu ◽  
Florin Ruscă ◽  
Ştefan Burciu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The City

In this paper it is developed a location model for the infrastructures dedicated to non-motorized movements by bike in Oradea city, using ArcGIS geographic and information system [3]. They are taken into consideration the movements made by the target people – alternating movements (from home to school) and optional movements (made for recreation), the densities in residential areas, the type of the city arteries and the mobility need of the target people (in this case – young people aged between 15 and 25) in order to design two structures of the transport infrastructure networks (one for the alternating movements and the other for the optional movements), structures which will be realized on the actual frame of the existing transport infrastructure in Oradea city. Using Dijkstra algorithm, the minimal routes for the movements related to the alternating mobility, but also for the movements specific to the optional mobility are determined. Further on the most used arteries in the two structures of urban infrastructure networks are determined. The paper suggests as a solution the structure of the network for the non-motorized movements and also those arteries that must be used for its development, that guarantee gains for the target people (time), for the main operators who exploit the motorized systems, for the local budget of the local municipalities (less funds to sustain the public services) and especially for the environment and people’s health (attenuation of noxious and phonic pollution, reduction of the accidents’ number and health improvement).

Using Climate Models to Estimate Urban Vulnerability to Flash Floods

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2637-2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kermanshah ◽  
S. Derrible ◽  
M. Berkelhammer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change will impact urban infrastructure networks by changing precipitation patterns in a region. This study presents a novel vulnerability assessment framework for infrastructure networks against extreme rainfall-induced flash floods, with a specific application to transportation. The framework combines climate models, network science, geographical information systems (GIS), and stochastic modeling to compile a vulnerability surface (VS). Daily precipitation simulations for 2006–2100 from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), are used to produce a stochastic simulation of extreme flash flood events in five U.S. cities—that is, Boston, Massachusetts; Houston, Texas; Miami, Florida; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania—under two different climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). To assess the impact of these events, percentage drops in static (i.e., overall properties and robustness topological indicators) and dynamic (i.e., GIS accessibility and travel demand metrics) network properties are measured before and after simulated extreme events. The results of these metrics are inputs on a radar diagram to form a VS. Overall, the results show that changes in flash flood frequency due to climate change can have a significant impact on road networks, as was demonstrated recently in Houston, Texas. The magnitude of these impacts is chiefly associated with the geographic location of the cities and the size of the networks. The proposed framework can be reproduced in any city around the world, and researchers can use the results as guidelines for infrastructure design and planning purposes. Moreover, sensitivity analysis to varying greenhouse gas concentration trajectories can help local and national authorities to prioritize strategies for adaptation to climate change in more vulnerable regions.

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