scholarly journals Impact of comprehensive smoke-free policy compliance on SHS exposure and health condition of the Georgian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (November) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
George Bakhturidze ◽  
Nana Peikrishvili ◽  
Kakha Gvinianidze
Keyword(s):  
Health Condition ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Georgian Population

scholarly journals Evaluation of Secondhand Smoke Using PM2.5 and Observations in a Random Stratified Sample in Hospitality Venues from 12 Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Kaplan ◽  
Asli Carkoglu ◽  
Gul Ergor ◽  
Mutlu Hayran ◽  
Xisca Sureda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽  
Main Entrance

Background: Turkey passed a law banning smoking in all indoor public places in 2008. In response to the indoor smoking restriction, many smokers may have relocated to outdoor areas of venues. The aim of this study was to evaluate air pollution related to SHS exposure in indoor and outdoor areas of hospitality venues in 12 cities in Turkey. Method: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated hospitality venues in 12 cities in Turkey. In each visited venue, we evaluated a pre-specified number of study locations such as the outdoor area of the main entrance, indoor areas, and patios or other outdoor dining areas, completely or partially covered with window walls. We measured particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in those areas. Results: The fieldworkers visited 72 randomly selected hospitality venues and measured PM2.5 concentrations in 165 different locations (indoor, outdoor, and patios) of those venues. Overall, 2573 people were observed, 909 of them smoking. The median (IQR) PM2.5 concentrations were 95 (39–229) μg/m3 indoors, 25 (13–48) μg/m3 outdoors, and 31 μg/m3 (16–62) in the patios (p < 0.001). After adjustment, each additional smoker was associated with a 2% increase in PM2.5 concentrations in patio air (GMR (95% CI): 1.02 (1.00, 1.05), and a 4% increase in indoor air (GMR (95% CI): 1.04 (1.02, 1.05). Conclusions: There were unhealthy levels of smoking-caused PM2.5 concentrations, not only indoors, but also in the patios of hospitality venues. Legislative efforts to expand the smoke-free legislation to outdoor areas adjacent to indoor public places and an action plan to increase compliance with the smoke-free policy are urgently needed in Turkey.

Nursing Research in Community-Based Approaches to Reduce Exposure to Secondhand Smoke

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Hahn ◽  
Kristin B. Ashford ◽  
Chizimuzo T. C. Okoli ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
S. Lee Ridner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States and a major source of indoor air pollution, accounting for an estimated 53,000 deaths per year among nonsmokers. Secondhand smoke exposure varies by gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The most effective public health intervention to reduce SHS exposure is to implement and enforce smoke-free workplace policies that protect entire populations including all workers regardless of occupation, race/ethnicity, gender, age, and socioeconomic status. This chapter summarizes community and population-based nursing research to reduce SHS exposure. Most of the nursing research in this area has been policy outcome studies, documenting improvement in indoor air quality, worker’s health, public opinion, and reduction in Emergency Department visits for asthma, acute myocardial infarction among women, and adult smoking prevalence. These findings suggest a differential health effect by strength of law. Further, smoke-free laws do not harm business or employee turnover, nor are revenues from charitable gaming affected. Additionally, smoke-free laws may eventually have a positive effect on cessation among adults. There is emerging nursing science exploring the link between SHS exposure to nicotine and tobacco dependence, suggesting one reason that SHS reduction is a quit smoking strategy. Other nursing research studies address community readiness for smoke-free policy, and examine factors that build capacity for smoke-free policy. Emerging trends in the field include tobacco free health care and college campuses. A growing body of nursing research provides an excellent opportunity to conduct and participate in community and population-based research to reduce SHS exposure for both vulnerable populations and society at large.

scholarly journals Clearing the air: improving smoke-free policy compliance at the national oncology hospital in Armenia

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narine K Movsisyan ◽  
Varduhi Petrosyan ◽  
Arusyak Harutyunyan ◽  
Diana Petrosyan ◽  
Frances Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Policy Compliance ◽  
Smoke Free Policy

Secondhand Smoke Exposure 7 Years After an Indoor Smoke-Free Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann W. St. Claire ◽  
Michael S. Amato ◽  
Raymond G. Boyle ◽  
Peter Rode ◽  
Ann M. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Public Health Benefit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Shs Exposure

Purpose: To examine locations of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmokers, 7 years after a statewide smoke-free policy. Design: Data collected via statewide, random digit dial telephone survey. Response rates were 64.7% for landline and 73.5% for cell phone. Setting: Minnesota, 2014. Participants: Representative sample of 7887 nonsmoking adults. Measures: Self-reported locations of SHS exposure and opinions on smoke-free restrictions. Analysis: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: A total of 35.5% of nonsmokers reported SHS exposure in the past 7 days. The greatest proportion of exposure occurred in community settings (31.7%) followed by cars (6.9%) and in the home (3.2%). Young adults were more likely to be exposed in a home or car than older adults. Nonsmokers living with a smoker were 39.6 (20.6-75.8) times more likely to be exposed to SHS in their home and 5.3 (4.1-6.8) times more likely to be exposed in a car, compared to those who did not live with a smoker. Conclusion: SHS exposure continues after comprehensive smoke-free policies restricted it from public places. Disparities in exposure rates exist for those who live with a smoker, are young, and have low incomes. Findings suggest the need for additional policies that will have the greatest public health benefit.

scholarly journals Enforcement agencies and smoke-free policy compliance: An observational study in Qingdao, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (April) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Connie Hoe ◽  
Hanaa Ahsan ◽  
Xuejuan Ning ◽  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Dafei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
Smoke Free Policy

scholarly journals Self-reported secondhand smoke exposure following the adoption of a national smoke-free policy in Poland: analysis of serial, cross-sectional, representative surveys, 2009–2019

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e039918
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jankowski ◽  
Vaughan Rees ◽  
Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński ◽  
Dorota Kaleta ◽  
Mariusz Gujski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveWe assessed changes in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in workplaces and public venues in Poland over a 9-year period following the adoption of a smoke-free policy in Poland in 2010.DesignSix waves of cross-sectional surveys were carried out between 2009 and 2019.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of adult Polish residents (age 15 years and older) was surveyed.Survey respondents self-reported SHS exposure in the workplace and 12 different public venues. Data were analysed separately for samples consisting of (1) all respondents and (2) non-smokers only.SHS exposure was defined based on self-report, which may invoke error such as demand bias or recall bias and study protocol do not include participation of paediatric populations that are key limitations of this study.ResultsWithin a year of adopting the smoke-free policy in 2010, the proportion of non-smokers exposed to SHS in Polish workplaces decreased by more than half (from 19.2% in 2009 to 9.5% in 2011). Over 10 years, a substantial reduction in SHS exposure was observed in all public venues. The highest decrease in SHS exposure was observed in transport services (decreased from 45.7% to 11.7% among all respondents and from 44.2% to 11.7% among non-smokers) and in bars/pubs (SHS exposure decreased from 45.0% to 7.0% among all respondents and from 39.4% to 7.0% among non-smokers).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the substantial success of a national smoke-free law. Nevertheless, smoke-free laws must continue to be refined in terms of their legal boundaries as well as implementation strategies to eliminate disparities in SHS exposure in certain types of venues.

scholarly journals Self-preserving Behaviour of Georgian Population During the Period of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
L. E. MENABDISHVILI ◽  
N. E. MENABDISHVILI ◽  
N. A. GOMELAURI
Keyword(s):  
Health Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Georgian Population

The following papers deals with self-preserving behaviour in the period of a global problem — COVID-19 pandemic. Positive self-preserving behaviour determines the level of health of an individual and, consequently, of a society. In the period of the pandemic we have witnessed an increased interest toward self-preserving behaviour. Apart from observing private hygiene or hygiene norms and social distancing, there were no other protective mechanisms during the process of the research, and vaccination has not yet begun. As a result of the urgency of the issue, the staff s of Institute Demography and Sociology Ilia State University under the guidance of professor A. Sulaberidze have conducted a sociological research in October 2020, “Awareness of the corona virus pandemic’s impact on the social-economic situation of Georgian population and self-preservative behaviour”, in four regions of Georgia. Th e regions were selected based on the level of the coronavirus’s proliferation. Respondents were selected using the method of random sampling. We interviewed 500 respondents with the help of pre-composed questionnaires. Th e following research is one of the attempts in Georgia to study self-preserving behaviour under the circumstances of the pandemic and it shows us to what extent the population’s self-pre-serving behaviour is directed toward defense against the coronavirus. One of the main functions of a state is to prevent the spread of diseases and protect its population from harmful infl uence of environmental factors. In this regard, the state has implemented signifi cant measures; however, they are not suffi cient as the joint eff orts of the state and each citizen determine the robustness of a country’s population as well as the scope of a pandemic’s proliferation. Our goal is to evaluate the eff orts of the citizens, as for our objectives, we aim to ascertain the factors which seem auspicious and adverse for the mentioned eff orts. Th e analysis of the research’s results outlined important diff erences between genders with regard to evaluating one’s own health and selfpreserving behaviour. Th e researchers had also shown that men value their health more highly and take care of it less. Th is tendency is immutable even when self-preserving behaviour signifi cantly determines not only the possibility of one’s own infection, but also of those surrounding us. Women respondents are more prone to observe every recommendation of epidemiologists than men. Th e level of population’s awareness is high with respect to the symptoms of the infection as well as recommendations for self-protection and the existing infection situation in the country. Th e dissimilar levels of infection between various regions gave us varying indicators of awareness. Th e higher the infection rate, the higher the awareness rate. Th e respondents’ health condition signifi cantly determines the population’s attitude toward the coronavirus infection. Self-assessment of one’s health condition has an impact on the level of fear caused by the pandemic. Th e respondents with chronic ailments are more liable to express fear than those who evaluate their health highly. Th e perception of the risks associated with the coronavirus infection is diff erent in terms of sexes. Compared to men, women, on average, perceive the coronavirus threat and its subsequent problems more emotionally and give a lower assessment to their health condition. Th e population’s fear of the pandemic is exacerbated by the fact that this viral infection has not been adequately studied yet and we are not aware of its future repercussions or complications. Therefore, those respondents who are fully healthy also express justifi able apprehension. Th ere emerged a proportionate connection between the level of following the epidemiologists’ re co mmendations and perception of the threat of the COVID infection. The more seriously people perceive the mentioned threat, the more eager they are to fulfi ll the epidemiologists’ recommendations.

scholarly journals The Adoption, Implementation, and Impact of Smoke-Free Policies among Gaelic Athletic Association Clubs in Ireland: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1785
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Seitz ◽  
Jennifer Lawless ◽  
Stacey Cahill ◽  
Aoife O’ Brien ◽  
Collette Coady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Major Stakeholder ◽  
And Behaviors

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is a major stakeholder in promoting smoke-free policies in Ireland. Several GAA clubs have adopted smoke-free policies, and there is a growing interest among other GAA clubs to also become smoke-free. As such, the purpose of this study is to explore the process of how GAA clubs adopt, implement, and enforce smoke-free policies in order to discover best practices that other clubs could replicate. Representatives from 15 smoke-free clubs were interviewed regarding how their club became smoke-free. Interview data were analyzed, in which four major themes emerged: (1) process (planning a smoke-free policy, communicating the policy to the community, providing smoking cessation resources), (2) barriers (opinions and behaviors of club members who smoke, bars connected to club houses, policy exceptions, visitors and umpires who were unaware of the policy), (3) enforcement (community-based style of enforcement, non-confrontational approach, non-enforcement), and (4) impact (observation of policy compliance and decrease in cigarette litter). The study’s findings indicate a general ease of becoming smoke-free with minimal barriers. As such, the GAA should urge each club to become smoke-free and to use the effective methods used by current smoke-free clubs for communicating and enforcing smoke-free policies.

scholarly journals Use of Theory-Driven Report Back to Promote Lung Cancer Risk Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10648
Author(s):  
Luz Huntington-Moskos ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
Amanda T. Wiggins ◽  
Karen M. Butler ◽  
Ellen J. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Exposure Stage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cancer Risk Reduction

Report back is active sharing of research findings with participants to prompt behavior change. Research on theory-driven report back for environmental risk reduction is limited. The study aim is to evaluate the impact of a stage-tailored report back process with participants who had high home radon and/or air nicotine levels. An observational one-group pre-post design was used, with data collection at 3, 9, and 15 months post intervention. Participants from the parent study (N = 515) were randomized to the treatment or control group and this sample included all 87 treatment participants who: (1) had elevated radon and/or air nicotine at baseline; and (2) received stage-tailored report back of their values. Short-term test kits measured radon; passive airborne nicotine samplers assessed secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Stage of action was categorized as: (1) ‘Unaware,’ (2) ‘Unengaged,’ (3) ‘Deciding,’ (4) ‘Action,’ and (5) ‘Maintenance.’ Interventions were provided for free, such as in-person radon and SHS test kits and a brief telephonic problem-solving consultation. Stage of action for radon mitigation and smoke-free policy increased from baseline to 3 months and remained stable between 3 and 9 months. Stage of action for radon was higher at 15 months than baseline. Among those with high baseline radon, observed radon decreased by 15 months (p < 0.001). Tailored report back of contaminant values reduced radon exposure and changed the health behavior necessary to remediate radon and SHS exposure.

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