Application of Carbons Produced from Rice Husk in the Process of Capacitive Deionization

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
V. Pavlenko ◽  
Zh. Supiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Adsorption Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon Materials

Nanoporous carbon materials are well recognized as the main components of electrodes in capacitive deionization. Herein, the activated carbons were produced based on rice husk which is an abundant waste material in southern regions of Kazakhstan. The resulting carbons were characterized electrochemically by comparing their performance with well-known brands of commercial porous carbons (i.e. Norit DLC Super 30, Kuraray YP 50F). The features of carbon/ carbon electrochemical cells were analyzed using the means of galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation and cyclic voltammetry. Whilst the surface morphology and elemental composition of carbons were observed using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Using the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption it has been established that the specific surface of home-made carbon produced based on rice husk is equal to 2290 m2g-1. The salt adsorption analysis has been performed using different concentrations of inlet solutions of sodium chloride. Our study has shown that the manufacturing and application of activated carbons based on rice husk can be highly efficient because the resulting electrode materials exhibit a high electrosorption capacity of 20.02 mg g-1, which exceeds similar values obtained in the case of application of commercial porous carbons.

Optimization of Production Conditions for Activated Carbons from Rice Husk by Potassium Carbonate Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Wu Meng ◽  
Cong Liang Qi ◽  
Qing Ye Liu ◽  
Liang Lv ◽  
Hao Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherm

A three-factor-three-level experiment was developed by the central composite design (CCD) and Response surface methodology to discuss the effects of concentration of K2CO3, activation temperature and time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) derived from the rice husk and to identify the key preparation parameters. The performance of the AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The optimal parameters were obtained: Rice husk was soaked in K2CO3 solution (2.32 mol/L) with an impregnation ratio (rice husk: K2CO3=1:3) (wt. %), activated at 1239 K for 0.48 h. The results showed that iodine adsorption capacity of the AC was 1268.52 mg/g, the error between the models predicted (1356.98 mg/g) was only 6.2%. The AC has a large apparent surface area (SBET = 1312 m2/g), total pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) and average pore diameter (11.92 Å).

Controlling hierarchical porous structures of rice-husk-derived carbons for improved capacitive deionization performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Kim ◽  
Yilhoon Yi ◽  
Dong-Hyun Peck ◽  
Seong-Ho Yoon ◽  
Doo-Hwan Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbons

We report on hierarchical porous carbons derived from rice husk (RH) through the combination of carbonization and two post-processing methods that were used as the electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI).

scholarly journals Nanoporous Carbon Materials Derived from Washnut Seed with Enhanced Supercapacitance

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lal Shrestha ◽  
Timila Shrestha ◽  
Birendra Man Tamrakar ◽  
Rekha Goswami Shrestha ◽  
Subrata Maji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon Materials

Nanoporous activated carbons-derived from agro-waste have been useful as suitable and scalable low-cost electrode materials in supercapacitors applications because of their better surface area and porosity compared to the commercial activated carbons. In this paper, the production of nanoporous carbons by zinc chloride activation of Washnut seed at different temperatures (400–1000 °C) and their electrochemical supercapacitance performances in aqueous electrolyte (1 M H2SO4) are reported. The prepared nanoporous carbon materials exhibit hierarchical micro- and meso-pore architectures. The surface area and porosity increase with the carbonization temperature and achieved the highest values at 800 °C. The surface area was found in the range of 922–1309 m2 g−1. Similarly, pore volume was found in the range of 0.577–0.789 cm3 g−1. The optimal sample obtained at 800 °C showed excellent electrochemical energy storage supercapacitance performance. Specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated 225.1 F g−1 at a low current density of 1 A g−1. An observed 69.6% capacitance retention at 20 A g−1 indicates a high-rate capability of the electrode materials. The cycling stability test up to 10,000 cycles revealed the outstanding stability of 98%. The fascinating surface textural properties with outstanding electrochemical performance reveal that Washnut seed would be a feasible agro-waste precursor to prepare nanoporous carbon materials as a low-cost and scalable supercapacitor electrode.

scholarly journals Composite Graphene-Containing Porous Materials from Carbon for Capacitive Deionization of Water

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620
Author(s):  
Tamuna Bakhia ◽  
Ruslan Kh. Khamizov ◽  
Zaur R. Bavizhev ◽  
Mukhamed D. Bavizhev ◽  
Magomet A. Konov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Porous Composite ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon ◽  
Composite Aerogels ◽  
Highly Porous

New techniques were developed for the synthesis of monolithic highly porous composite aerogels (hydrogels) from reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, as well as graphene-containing composites based on mesoporous activated carbon. Simple operations for hydrophilization of synthesized samples were proposed. New electrode materials for electrosorption and deionization of water were fabricated. The resulting materials were investigated and tested in electrochemical cells for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI).

scholarly journals Characterisation of Activated Carbons Obtained from Rice Husk

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Merkel ◽  
A. Satayeva ◽  
F. Cannon ◽  
C. Howell ◽  
St. Meikle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ion Removal

Rice husk derived activated carbons doped with nitrogen have been studied using low temperature nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass-spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been shown that N-doped activated carbon produced by high temperature treatment of the starting material soaked with urea, has a significantly higher anion exchange capacity than the other samples studied, which correlates with its higher adsorption capacity towards nitrate ion removal from aqueous solutions with the initial concentration of 5 and 15 ppm.

3D hierarchical porous N-doped carbon quantum dots/vanadium nitride hybrid microflowers as a superior electrode material toward high-performance asymmetric capacitive deionization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Zhibo Zhao ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Xiangdong Ma ◽  
Meidan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Vanadium Nitride ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Taking into account of time-confusing preparation processing and unsatisfied desalination capacity of carbon nanomaterials, exploring efficient electrode materials remains a great challenge for practical capacitive deionization (CDI) application. In this...

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Conditions of Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbons Derived from Lotus Leaves by Activation with Sodium Amide on the Formation of Their Porous Structure

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski ◽  
Xin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Adsorption Analysis ◽  
Lotus Leaves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sodium Amide ◽  
Numerical Clustering

This paper presents results of the analysis of the impact of activation temperature and mass ratio of activator to carbonized precursor R on the porous structure of nitrogen-doped activated carbons derived from lotus leaves by carbonization and chemical activation with sodium amide NaNH2. The analyses were carried out via the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method applied to nitrogen adsorption isotherms at −195.8 °C. On the basis of the results obtained it was shown that the amount of activator, as compared to activation temperatures, has a significantly greater influence on the formation of the porous structure of activated carbons. As shown in the study, the optimum values of the porous structure parameters are obtained for a mass ratio of R = 2. At a mass ratio of R = 3, a significant decrease in the values of the porous structure parameters was observed, indicating uncontrolled wall firing between adjacent micropores. The conducted analyses confirmed the validity of the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method, as it turned out that nitrogen-doped activated carbons prepared from lotus leaves are characterized by a high share of micropores and a significant degree of surface heterogeneity in most of the samples studied, which may, to some extent, undermine the reliability of the results obtained using classical methods of structure analysis that assume only a homogeneous pore structure.

scholarly journals Mechanochemistry-assisted synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons applied as supercapacitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1332-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desirée Leistenschneider ◽  
Nicolas Jäckel ◽  
Felix Hippauf ◽  
Volker Presser ◽  
Lars Borchardt
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbons ◽  
Double Layer Capacitors ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

A solvent-free synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons is conducted by a facile and fast mechanochemical reaction in a ball mill. By means of a mechanochemical ball-milling approach, we obtained titanium(IV) citrate-based polymers, which have been processed via high temperature chlorine treatment to hierarchical porous carbons with a high specific surface area of up to 1814 m2 g−1 and well-defined pore structures. The carbons are applied as electrode materials in electric double-layer capacitors showing high specific capacitances with 98 F g−1 in organic and 138 F g−1 in an ionic liquid electrolyte as well as good rate capabilities, maintaining 87% of the initial capacitance with 1 M TEA-BF4 in acetonitrile (ACN) and 81% at 10 A g−1 in EMIM-BF4.

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