scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Electrical Properties of Organic Orange Dye Complex Films

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh.S. Karimov ◽  
M.H. Sayyad ◽  
M.M. Ahmed ◽  
M.N. Khan ◽  
Z.M. Karieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Normal Gravity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Conductive State

<p>In this study the effect of temperature and humidity on electrical properties of organic orange dye (OD) complex with vinyl-ethynyl-trimethyl-piperidole (VETP) have been examined. Thin films of OD (C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>17</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and VETP (C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>19</sub>NO) complex were deposited from 10 wt.% (5 wt.% of each matter) solution in mixture of distilled water (80%) and spirit. The films were grown at room temperature under normal gravity conditions, <em>i.e.</em>, 1 g and in a spin coater at an angular speed of 300 RPM. The Cu/OD-VETP/Cu surface type samples were fabricated and their low frequency (10 Hz) AC electric characteristics were evaluated for the temperature range 30-95 °C at ambient humidity of 45-80%. It was observed that at normal conditions the conductivity of the samples is temperature dependent and shows semi-conductive behavior with activation energy of 0.55 eV. It was found that with increase in humidity the resistance of the samples decreases and at humidity values equal to 60-70% the irreversible transition from semi-conductive to conductive state takes place. It is supposed that in the former state the conductive matrix is formed due to incorporation of the water molecules into OD-VETP complex.</p>

The Effect of a Difference in Temperature and Humidity on certain Reactions of Female Aëdes aegypti (L.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
C 50

Sir Rickard Christophers (1947) working at 25°C. and a relative humidity of 80–90 per cent. found female Aëdes aegypti to be attracted by a warm dry surface at 40°C., and to be unaffected by a moist surface at room temperature. The writer (1948), working at 28°C. and 50–70 per cent. R.H. (usually near 50 per cent.) found the opposite: a warm dry surface at temperatures from 36°C. to 40°C. had no effect, while a moist surface at room temperature exerted a quite definite attraction. The purpose of the present experiments was to test the hypothesis that the difference between the results obtained in these two investigations was due to the difference in the ambient temperature and humidity.Repetition of the relevant experiments at 25°C, 85–90 per cent. R.H., and 28°C, 50–55 per cent. R.H., gave results indicating that temperature and humidity difference operating at the time of the experiment could account for part but not all of the discrepancy. There are indications that the remainder may have been a result of the conditioning effect of temperature and humidity differences operating on the insect prior to the experiment.The results emphasise the need for a full description of the climatic conditions under which behaviour work of the type discussed is performed.

Electrical Properties of CuTCNQ Based Organic Memories Targeting Integration in the CMOS Back End-of-Line

2007 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mueller ◽  
Joris Billen ◽  
Rik Naulaerts ◽  
Olivier Rouault ◽  
Ludovic Goux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Charge Transfer Complex ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Electrical Switching ◽  
Nonvolatile Memories ◽  
Threshold Voltages ◽  
Organic Memories

AbstractCuTCNQ (TCNQ=7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) is a resistive switching charge-transfer complex which can be used for organic nonvolatile memories. In this contribution we report on a thorough investigation of the electrical switching of CuTCNQ memories. Our memories currently achieve an endurance of up to 10000 write/erase cycles with a clear distinction between ON and OFF reading currents. ON and OFF threshold voltages follow a Gaussian distribution. Temperature dependent measurements of CuTCNQ based organic memories show a semiconductor like behavior for the ON state. The retention time of the ON state exceeded 60 hours at room temperature. Electrical switching of CuTCNQ memories in air was virtually not affected by temperatures up to 80°C, but becomes erratic at 120°C. The CuTCNQ material itself already starts to decompose around 200°C in presence of oxygen as shown by thermogravimetric analysis.

scholarly journals Study of electrical properties of a reduced graphene-oxadiazole-2-thiol (rGS) PVA polymer composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emaad T Bakir Al-Tikrity ◽  
Ibrahim F Waheed ◽  
Sabah M Ali
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Covalent Bonding ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Tan Δ

This work reports the synthesis and characterisation of reduced graphene-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (rGS) as a novel nanocompound derivative for graphene. The preparation was performed through a series of reactions starting from graphene oxide, followed by incorporation of different proportions of this nanocompound with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), via non-covalent bonding, to afford the rGS/PVA polymer composites. The pure rGS compound, rGS/PVA composite films and pure PVA film were characterised by different techniques including infrared (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and powder x-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of the composite films, involving dielectric constant, permittivity ( ε′), imaginary permittivity ( ε″), conductivity (σAC) and loss factor tan δ, were investigated. The measurements were performed at frequencies of (5kHz to 0.5 MHz) at room temperature. At low frequency, the dielectric permittivity ( ε′) and imaginary permittivity ( ε″) attained higher values in all cases, although with increasing frequency these values diminished rapidly. It was also found that the alternating current conductivity of the composites increased with increasing frequency.

The Effect of Temperature on the Material Damping of Graphite/Epoxy Composites in a Simulated Space Environment

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Spirnak ◽  
J. R. Vinson
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Material Damping ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Free Beam

An experimental method for measuring material damping is described, which employs a free-free beam lightly supported at the nodes. A thermal space environment is simulated by measuring the material damping in air at temperatures ranging from −65°F to 225°F, and then subtracting out the effects of atmospheric damping. This method saves considerable time, cost and experimental difficulties associated with performing the experiments in a vacuum. Graphite/epoxy AS4/3501-6 composite beam specimens were tested. At room temperature, the [0°]12 composites were found to have an average damping ratio of 0.0556 percent. The [90°]12 composites were found to have an average material damping ratio of 0.55 percent. These data agree well with the theoretical models and experimental measurements performed in a vacuum. The material damping ratio is temperature dependent over the range −65°F to 225°F, increasing with increasing temperature. For the [0°]12 composite, the material damping ratio varies from 0.0397 percent at −65°F to 0.083 percent at 225°F. For the [90°]12 composite, the material damping ratio varies from 0.408 percent at −65°F to 0.860 percent at 225°F.

Optical and Electrical Properties of Low to Highly-Degenerate InN Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Haddad ◽  
H. Dai ◽  
R. Naik ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
V. M. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Shallow Donor ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Hall Effect Measurements ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTThe optical and electrical properties of InN films with different levels of carrier concentrations have been investigated. Hall effect measurements at room temperature show that the InN films are n-type with carrier concentration, ne, ranging from ∼ 7 ×1017 cm-3 to ∼ 3 × 1020 cm-3 and corresponding mobility, //, of ∼ 1300 to 50 cm2V-1S-1. Optical absorption spectra of these films show a bandgap absorption edge ∼ 0.6 eV for the InN sample with the lowest ne, and 1.5 eV for the InN sample with the highest ne. However, after corrections for the degeneracy effects, all samples show an intrinsic Eg ∼ (0.60 ± 0.05) eV. Temperature dependent (5 – 600 K) electrical measurements show that ne is nearly independent of temperature below 300 K, perhaps due to the presence of donor energy levels resonating with the InN conduction band. However, all the samples show an exponential increase in ne above 300 K due to excitation of other shallow donor like sources. Mobility versus temperature graph shows a maximum ∼ 200 K for InN film with ne = 7 × 1017 cm-3 and moves towards lower temperature with increasing ne.

Coupling effect of temperature and braided angle on compressive behaviors of 3D braided carbon–epoxy composite at low temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 2531-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailou Wang ◽  
Baozhong Sun ◽  
Bohong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Braided Composites ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
3D Braided Composites ◽  
Compressive Damage ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy

This paper reports the influence of temperature and braided angle on compressive behaviors of 3D braided carbon fiber–epoxy composites. The compressive behaviors of the 3D braided with three braided angles (26°, 35° and 48°) were tested at various temperatures (−100℃, −50℃, 0℃, 20℃). The compressive damage morphologies were observed with SEM photographs. It was observed that the temperature and the braided angle have significant effect on the longitudinal compressive behaviors of 3D braided composites. The overall effect of braided angle on the 3D braided composites was greater than the temperature. The influence of the braided angle on the compressive behaviors is from the yarn orientation angle, while the influence of the temperature is from the temperature-dependent behaviors of the epoxy resin. Under low temperatures, the 3D braided composite behaved as brittle material and the compressive damage was easier than that of room temperature. The changes of yarn trajectory also led to generate the damage zone, especially in the edge and surface regions of the 3D braided composites.

scholarly journals Impact of nuclear quantum effects on the structural inhomogeneity of liquid water

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 2458-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian Berger ◽  
Gustavo Ciardi ◽  
David Sidler ◽  
Peter Hamm ◽  
Andrey Shalit
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Quantum Effects ◽  
Structural Inhomogeneity ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Networks ◽  
Nuclear Quantum Effects

The 2D Raman–terahertz (THz) response of liquid water is studied in dependence of temperature and isotope substitution (H2O, D2O, and H218O). In either case, a very short-lived (i.e., between 75 and 95 fs) echo is observed that reports on the inhomogeneity of the low-frequency intermolecular modes and hence, on the heterogeneity of the hydrogen bond networks of water. The echo lifetime slows down by about 20% when cooling the liquid from room temperature to the freezing point. Furthermore, the echo lifetime of D2O is 6.5±1% slower than that of H2O, and both can be mapped on each other by introducing an effective temperature shift of ΔT=4.5±1 K. In contrast, the temperature-dependent echo lifetimes of H218O and H2O are the same within error. D2O and H218O have identical masses, yet H218O is much closer to H2O in terms of nuclear quantum effects. It is, therefore, concluded that the echo is a measure of the structural inhomogeneity of liquid water induced by nuclear quantum effects.

scholarly journals Temperature-mediated tribological characteristics of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy during sliding against Si3N4 counterparts

Friction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyang Bai ◽  
Shanhong Wan ◽  
Gewen Yi ◽  
Yu Shan ◽  
Sang The Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Structural Adaptation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Inconel 718 Alloy ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

AbstractA comparative evaluation of the friction and wear behaviors of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy sliding against Si3N4 counterparts was conducted over a large temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 800 °C. The temperature-dependent tribological properties associated with the resulting chemical mitigation and structural adaptation of the solid sliding surface were clarified by surface/interface characterizations. The results revealed desirable performance in reducing friction and wear at elevated temperatures, which was associated with the resulting oxide composite film’s adaptive lubricating capability, whereas severe abrasive wear occurred at room/ambient temperatures. The oxidative-abrasive differentials for the two alloys were further discussed by considering the combined effect of temperature and stressed-shearing conditions.

(111) Monocrystalline Nickel Films

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
T.E. Pratt ◽  
R.W. Vook
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

(111) oriented thin monocrystalline Ni films have been prepared by vacuum evaporation and examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. In high vacuum, at room temperature, a layer of NaCl was first evaporated onto a freshly air-cleaved muscovite substrate clamped to a copper block with attached heater and thermocouple. Then, at various substrate temperatures, with other parameters held within a narrow range, Ni was evaporated from a tungsten filament. It had been shown previously that similar procedures would yield monocrystalline films of CU, Ag, and Au.For the films examined with respect to temperature dependent effects, typical deposition parameters were: Ni film thickness, 500-800 A; Ni deposition rate, 10 A/sec.; residual pressure, 10-6 torr; NaCl film thickness, 250 A; and NaCl deposition rate, 10 A/sec. Some additional evaporations involved higher deposition rates and lower film thicknesses.Monocrystalline films were obtained with substrate temperatures above 500° C. Below 450° C, the films were polycrystalline with a strong (111) preferred orientation.

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