scholarly journals The Efficiency of the Centrifuge is Force Action on the Propagation Mechanism of SHS-Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
G.I. Ksandopulo
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Oxide Material ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Aluminum Oxides

Adiabatic wave (AW) is generated by the effect of two forces, namely centrifugal and Coriolis forces, caused on the reaction of the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The synthesis occurs in the aluminothermic oxide system placed inside the heat insulated cylindrical reactor rotating around a vertical<br />axis. Actually there take place two processes during the SH synthesis: 1. separation of the reaction products, in particular aluminum (corundum) oxide concentrated on a quartz wall of the reactor and forming a tube; 2. formation of a coherent flow of liquid metal particles accelerating in the reactor axis direction according to its rotation speed and co-ordinates of Rх particle in the reactor. The size of the cluster representing particles practically does not change from the very moment of their generation as a result of the reaction due to their motion coherency. Considering the motion speed particles get inside a fresh combustible mixture deeper and deeper and, thus, initiate ignition of the accumulating reaction mixture. This provides growth of the heat release rate and transition of the process to the adiabatic mode. Metal clusters bearing kinetic energy and heat energy of the reaction (T = 2.8-3.5 thousand K) actually have a high energy potential that can increase according to growth of the rotation speed and longitudinal size of the reactor. So, if any highly endothermic reaction mixture takes place within a reactor co-ordinate with exponential growth of the moving clusters energy this reaction can be initiated and consequently will give start to numerous research capabilities. A real possibility of such rare and new materials synthesis technology is illustrated using as an example a reaction of the boron and aluminum oxides attacked by 92 m/s speed moving tungsten clusters with formation of a product from the intermediate boron and aluminum oxides and also tungsten and aluminum borides. The results of the synthesized oxide material study using a radio spectrometer has been presented and presence of free valency in it has been identified. Production of free valency materials is of interest in terms of their mixture with nanomaterilas and their compaction at ultrahigh pressure with the purpose to receive new materials with original mechanical, electric, photo-electric, and other properties. The references given below contain data on this technology studied previously.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Hydrotreatment of Sewage Sludge-Derived Pyrolysis Oil and Behavior of Ni-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Maria V. Alekseeva (Bykova) ◽  
Olga A. Bulavchenko ◽  
Andrey A. Saraev ◽  
Anna M. Kremneva ◽  
Mikhail V. Shashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Oil Refineries

The high-energy potential of wastewater sewage sludge (SS) produced in large amounts around the world makes it an attractive feedstock for fuels and energy sectors. Thermochemical valorization relying on pyrolysis of SS followed by hydrotreatment of pyrolysis oil (Py-SS) might even allow the integration of SS into existing oil refineries. In the present study, catalytic hydrotreatment of Py-SS was performed over a NiCuMo-P-SiO2 catalyst in a batch reactor at temperatures in the range of 200–390 °C. Due to sulfur presence in the feed, the increasing reaction temperature induced in situ transformation of metallic Ni into Ni3S2 in the catalyst. In contrast, the Ni3P active phase possessed remarkable stability even at the harshest reaction conditions. The oxygen content in the reaction products was decreased by 59%, while up to 52% of N and 89% of S were removed at 390 °C. The content of free fatty acids was greatly reduced by their conversion to n-alkanes, while the larger amount of volatile aromatics was generated from high molecular mass compounds. The quality of oil-derived products greatly changed at elevated temperatures, providing strong evidence of effective upgrading via decarboxy(ny)lation, hydrogenation, and hydrocracking transformations.

Potential contribution of the wastewater sector to energy supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1765-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Heubeck ◽  
R. M. de Vos ◽  
R. Craggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Future Potential

The biological treatment of wastewater could yield high energy fuels such as methane and alcohols, however most conventional treatment systems do not recover this energy potential. With a simple model of the energy yields of various wastewater treatment technologies it is possible to demonstrate how minor shifts in technology selection can lead the industry from being identified as predominantly energy intensive, to being recognised as a source of energy resources. The future potential energy yield is estimated by applying energy yield factors to alternative use scenarios of the same wastewater loads. The method for identifying the energy potential of wastewater was demonstrated for the New Zealand wastewater sector, but can equally be applied to other countries or regions. The model suggests that by using technologies that maximise the recovery of energy from wastewater, the potential energy yield from this sector would be substantially increased (six fold for New Zealand).

scholarly journals Assessment of wind energy potential across varying topographical features of Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqur Rehman ◽  
Narayanan Natarajan ◽  
Mangottiri Vasudevan ◽  
Luai M Alhems
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

Wind energy is one of the abundant, cheap and fast-growing renewable energy sources whose intensive extraction potential is still in immature stage in India. This study aims at the determination and evaluation of wind energy potential of three cities located at different elevations in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The historical records of wind speed, direction, temperature and pressure were collected for three South Indian cities, namely Chennai, Erode and Coimbatore over a period of 38 years (1980-2017). The mean wind power density was observed to be highest at Chennai (129 W/m2) and lowest at Erode (76 W/m2) and the corresponding mean energy content was highest for Chennai (1129 kWh/m2/year) and lowest at Erode (666 kWh/m2/year). Considering the events of high energy-carrying winds at Chennai, Erode and Coimbatore, maximum wind power density were estimated to be 185 W/m2, 190 W/m2 and 234 W/m2, respectively. The annual average net energy yield and annual average net capacity factor were selected as the representative parameters for expressing strategic wind energy potential at geographically distinct locations having significant variation in wind speed distribution. Based on the analysis, Chennai is found to be the most suitable site for wind energy production followed by Coimbatore and Erode.

Appropriate Conditions for Preparation of Nanosized WO3 through High-Energy-Milling

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 665-668
Author(s):  
Chun Huan Chen ◽  
Rui Ming Ren
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Energy Milling ◽  
Transmission Electron

In order to synthesize WC-Co nanopowders through an integrated mechanical and thermal activation process, WO3-Co2O3-C nanopowders need to be obtained first. It is critical how to obtain the WO3-Co2O3-C nanopowders efficiently. The effect of processing parameters on the grain size during high-energy-milling of WO3-Co2O3-C mixed powders was studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the grain size of reactants can be effectively decreased with increasing the milling time, rotation speed, and charge ratio. After a certain time milling, both WO3 and C powders achieve nano-level in grain size and mixed homogeneously. The appropriate milling parameters for fabricating nanosized WO3+C+Co2O3 powders are suggested to be 4 to 8 hours of milling time, 400 RPM of rotation speed, and 40:1 to 60:1 of charge ratio.

High-Energy Potential Scattering with Short-Range Forces

1961 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Malenka ◽  
H. S. Valk
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Potential Scattering ◽  
Energy Potential

Mathematical Modeling of High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Radune ◽  
A. Radune ◽  
Svetlana Lugovskoy ◽  
M. Zinigrad ◽  
David Fuks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Angle Rotation ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
The Impact

In the present study the modeling of the HEBM process is presented. The impact velocity, impact angle, rotation speed, mass of balls, ball-to-powder weight ratio and time of milling have been taken into account in order to calculate the energy transferred from the balls to the powder. Two different systems, namely, TiN-AlN and polysalicylic acid were experimentally investigated in order to confirm the validity of the model. The calculation results are in a reasonable agreement with the results of experimental research.

The radiation-induced polymerization of iso butene

1959 ◽  
Vol 252 (1269) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Fractional Conversion ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
Carbonium Ion ◽  
Carbonium Ions ◽  
Radiation Induced

Iso butene polymerizes at low temperatures when exposed to high-energy radiation. The resulting polymer, of high molecular weight, is similar in all respects to normal poly iso butene. The fractional conversion of monomer per unit radiation dose is independent of the intensity of radiation and increases as the temperature is lowered. The polymerization is inhibited by di- iso butene which also inhibits the normal ionic polymerization and by both oxygen and benzoquinone which normally inhibit free radical polymerization but not ionic polymerizations. Carbon tetrachloride has little effect on the rate of the radiation-induced polymeriza­tion or on the average degree of polymerization of the product. The reaction is very sensitive to surface and may be in part intrinsically heterogeneous. All the evidence points to a carbonium ion propagation mechanism for the propagation of polymer chains which may be initiated either by primary ion-radicals formed from iso butene or by carbonium ions formed on disruption of the ion-radicals.

scholarly journals New materials for high-energy-resolution x-ray optics

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Yavaş ◽  
John P. Sutter ◽  
Thomas Gog ◽  
Hans-Christian Wille ◽  
Alfred Q.R. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Ray Optics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

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