scholarly journals Formulating Drugs for Inhalers and Stability Issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
R.C. Toon ◽  
E.C. Preedy ◽  
P. Prokopovich
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Stability Issues ◽  
Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers

The main topic addressed in this paper is the formulation of pressurised metered dose inhalers and the problems associated with formulating medications for high pressure systems. Formulations for pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) generally consist of two main types, solution and suspension-based systems. In the latter version, the active ingredient ideally remains mainly in the solid state, which can thus reduce problems with chemical degradation. However, the physical stability of such systems, in terms of aggregation, flocculation, creaming, sedimentation, propellant clathrates and bridging can then become problematic. The problems associated with solution-based systems revolve around the chemical<br />stability of the active ingredients.

scholarly journals The Radiostability of Meropenem Trihydrate in Solid State

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kilińska ◽  
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek ◽  
Robert Skibiński ◽  
Daria Szymanowska ◽  
Andrzej Miklaszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Group

The influence of ionising radiation on the physicochemical properties of meropenem trihydrate in solid state was studied for doses of e-beam radiation: 25 kGy and 400 kGy. In the first part of our studies, we evaluated the possibility of applying radiosterilization to obtain sterile meropenem. No changes for meropenem irradiated with a dose of 25 kGy, the dose required to attain sterility, was confirmed in the results of spectroscopic (FT-IR), thermal (DSC, TGA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies. The radiation dose of 25 kGy produces no more than about 1500 ppm of radical defects. The chromatographic studies of irradiated meropenem in solutions did not show any chemical degradation. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of meropenem irradiated with the dose of 25 kGy was unchanged. Based on the received results, we can conclude that radiostelization is a promising, alternative method for obtaining sterile meropenem. In the second part of the research, meropenem was exposed to e-beam radiation at the 400 kGy dose rate. It was confirmed, that reducing of antimicrobial activity could be connected with the degradation of β-lactam ring and changes in the trans-hydroxyethyl group. Apart from chemical changes, changes in the physical stability of irradiated meropenem (400 kGy) was also observed.

scholarly journals What to consider before prescribing inhaled medications: a pragmatic approach for evaluating the current inhaler landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175346661988453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Lavorini ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
Fulvio Braido ◽  
Georgios Stratelis ◽  
Anders Løkke
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pressurised Metered Dose Inhalers

Inhaled therapies are the cornerstone of treatment in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and there are a multitude of devices available. There is, however, a distinct lack of evidence-based guidance for healthcare providers on how to choose an appropriate inhaler. This review aims to summarise recent updates on topics related to inhaler choice, and to offer practical considerations for healthcare providers regarding currently marketed devices. The importance of choosing the right inhaler for the right patient is discussed, and the relative merits of dry powder inhalers, pressurised metered dose inhalers, breath-actuated pressurised metered dose inhalers, spacers and soft mist inhalers are considered. Compiling the latest studies in the devices therapy area, this review focuses on the most common types of handling errors, as well as the comparative rates of incorrect inhalation technique between devices. The impact of device-specific handling errors on inhaler performance is also discussed, and the characteristics that can impair optimal drug delivery, such as inhalation flow rate, inhalation volume and particle size, are compared between devices. The impact of patient perceptions, behaviours and problems with inhalation technique is analysed, and the need for appropriate patient education is also highlighted. The continued development of technology in inhaler design and the need to standardise study assessment, endpoints and patient populations are identified as future research needs. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

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