scholarly journals Development of a canine stifle computer model to investigate cranial cruciate ligament deficiency.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Canine Stifle

Reducing susceptibility artefacts in magnetic resonance images of the canine stifle following surgery for cranial cruciate ligament deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grierson ◽  
C. R. Lamb ◽  
F. H. David
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Image Ranking ◽  
Canine Stifle

SummaryBackground: Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the postoperative canine stifle are adversely affected by susceptibility artefacts associated with metallic implants.Objectives: To determine empirically to what extent susceptibility artefacts could be reduced by modifications to MR technique.Methods: Three cadaveric limbs with a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), or extra-capsular stabilization (ECS) implant, respectively, were imaged at 1.5T. Series of proton density and T2-weighted images were acquired with different combinations of frequency-encoding gradient (FEG) direction and polarity, stifle flexion or extension, echo spacing (ES), and readout bandwidth (ROBW), and ranked. The highest rank (a rank of 1) corresponded to the smallest artefact.Results: Image ranking was affected by FEG polarity (p = 0.005), stifle flexion (p = 0.01), and ROBW (p = 0.0001). For TPLO and TTA implants, the highest ranked images were obtained with the stifle flexed, lateromedial FEG, and medial polarity for dorsal images, and craniocaudal FEG and caudal polarity for sagittal images. For the ECS implant, the highest ranked images were obtained with the stifle extended, a proximodistal FEG and proximal polarity for dorsal images, and craniocaudal FEG and cranial polarity for sagittal images.Clinical significance: Susceptibility artefacts in MR images of postoperative canine stifles do not preclude clinical evaluation of joints with ECS or TTA implants.Part of this study was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Radiology, Albuquerque, NM, October 2011.

Modelling the Effects of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection, Medial Meniscal Release and Triple Tibial Osteotomy on Stability of the Canine Stifle Joint

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Tanja V. Jensen ◽  
Signe S. Kristiansen ◽  
Lene E. Buelund ◽  
James E. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Loading Ratio ◽  
Canine Stifle

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the ex vivo effects of sequential cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLx), medial meniscal release (MMR) and triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) on canine stifle stability compared with the intact state, across a wide range of joint angles. Study Design Nine right hind limb preparations were instrumented to provide constant quadriceps and gastrocnemius loads in a 3:1 ratio, and extended from full flexion during fluoroscopic recording. Recordings were repeated after each of CCLx, MMR and TTO. Fluoroscopic landmarks were used to calculate tibial subluxation and patellar ligament angle. Results Medial meniscal release resulted in additional cranial tibial subluxation compared with CCLx. Triple tibial osteotomy restored stifle stability up to a joint angle of 125 degrees. The presence of the crossover angle could be inferred from the patellar ligament angle and subluxation curves. Conclusion Our results suggest that in the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle, the crossover angle at which loading shifts between the caudal and cranial cruciate ligaments is dependent on both loading and integrity of the medial meniscus. Triple tibial osteotomy improves stifle stability over a wide range of joint angles under a quadricep to gastrocnemius loading ratio of 3:1 by converting cranial tibial thrust to caudal tibial thrust, due to TTO increasing the amount of joint extension required to reach the crossover angle.

DEVELOPMENT OF A CANINE STIFLE COMPUTER MODEL TO EVALUATE CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT DEFICIENCY

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350043 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATHAN P. BROWN ◽  
GINA E. BERTOCCI ◽  
DENIS J. MARCELLIN-LITTLE
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Tibial Translation

The objective of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) quasi-static rigid body canine pelvic limb computer model simulating a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) intact and CrCL-deficient stifle during walking stance to describe stifle biomechanics. The model was based on a five-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever (33 kg) with no orthopedic or neurologic disease. Skeletal geometry and ligament anatomy determined from computed tomography (CT), optimized muscle forces, motion capture kinematics, and force platform ground reaction forces were used to develop the model. Ligament loads, tibial translation, tibial rotation, and femoromeniscal contact forces were compared across the intact and CrCL-deficient stifle. The CrCL was found to be the primary intact stifle load-bearing ligament, and the caudal cruciate ligament was the primary CrCL-deficient stifle load-bearing ligament. Normalized tibial translation and rotation were 0.61 mm/kg and 0.14 degrees/kg, respectively. Our model confirmed that the CrCL stabilizes the intact stifle and limits tibial translation and rotation. Model verification was confirmed through agreement with experimentally measured kinematics and previous in vivo, in vitro, and mathematical model studies. Parametric analysis indicated outcome measure sensitivity to ligament pre-strain. Computer modeling could be useful to further investigate stifle biomechanics associated with surgical stabilization techniques.

Preactivation of the quadriceps muscle could limit cranial tibial translation in a cranial cruciate ligament deficient canine stifle

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Ramirez ◽  
Michael Lefebvre ◽  
Beatrice Böhme ◽  
Cédric Laurent ◽  
Marc Balligand
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Translation ◽  
Canine Stifle

scholarly journals Comparison of canine stifle kinematic analysis after two types of total knee arthroplasty: A cadaveric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-962
Author(s):  
Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn ◽  
Nattapon Chantarapanich ◽  
Somchai Sompaisarnsilp ◽  
Naris Thengchaisri
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Total Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Replacement ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Tibial Component ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Canine Stifle

Background and Aim: Osteoarthritis is a common consequence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in the canine stifle. Total knee replacement is a valuable method for managing end-stage osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: Two new designs of total knee replacement implants were fabricated with information from computed tomography scans. Canine hind limbs of cadavers were tested with a biomechanical testing machine with C-arm fluoroscopy. The four groups tested were as follows: Intact stifles (INTACT), CCLR, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a peg on top of the tibial component (TKAP), and TKA with no peg on top of the tibial component (TKAN). Extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation, cranial translation, caudal translation, and range of motion were measured. Results: The cranial translation of the tibia relative to the femur increased significantly after cutting off the cranial cruciate ligament. After arthroplasty, adduction/abduction and cranial/caudal translation within the TKAN group was increased compared with the intact stifle group. In the TKAP group, only adduction was greater than it was in the intact stifle group. Conclusion: The design of the prosthesis used for the TKAP group was more appropriate for total knee replacement in dogs than the design of the prosthesis for the TKAN group.

scholarly journals The Use of Canine Stifle Orthotics for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Jean Carr ◽  
Sherman O Canapp ◽  
Stephanie Meilleur ◽  
Scott A Christopher ◽  
Jeffery Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Canine Stifle

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess weight bearing of dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency with a custom stifle orthotic.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) insufficiency is the most common cause of hind limb lameness in dogs. While there are numerous options for surgical management, surgery is not always an option. Recently, the use of canine stifle orthotics has also emerged as a means to non-surgically manage patients with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency.  <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Evidentiary value:</strong>  This is a retrospective study of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records (January 2005- December 2012) of ten dogs treated for unilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture with a stifle orthotic were reviewed.  Temporospatial gait analysis was performed using a pressure sensing walkway at baseline and 90 days or greater post orthotic placement to identify weight bearing with total pressure index % (TPI%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TPI% improved significantly by 5.1% in the affected limb when compared to baseline (<em>p</em> = 0.0020). At final gait analysis, TPI% significantly improved by 3% in the affected limb with the orthotic off when compared to the unaffected limb (<em>p</em> = 0.0020).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Custom canine stifle orthotics allow for improved weight bearing in the affected limb.</p><p><strong>Application</strong>: Custom canine stifle orthotics should be considered for cases with concurrent medical conditions or financial constraints that do not allow for surgical intervention.</p>

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