scholarly journals Evaluation of bone quality using novel image analyses and mechanical testing methods.

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Image Analyses

scholarly journals Current Trends in Integration of Nondestructive Testing Methods for Engineered Materials Testing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6175
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumpati ◽  
Wojciech Skarka ◽  
Sunith Kumar Ontipuli
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Nondestructive Techniques ◽  
Nondestructive Testing Methods ◽  
Engineered Materials

Material failure may occur in a variety of situations dependent on stress conditions, temperature, and internal or external load conditions. Many of the latest engineered materials combine several material types i.e., metals, carbon, glass, resins, adhesives, heterogeneous and nanomaterials (organic/inorganic) to produce multilayered, multifaceted structures that may fail in ductile, brittle, or both cases. Mechanical testing is a standard and basic component of any design and fabricating process. Mechanical testing also plays a vital role in maintaining cost-effectiveness in innovative advancement and predominance. Destructive tests include tensile testing, chemical analysis, hardness testing, fatigue testing, creep testing, shear testing, impact testing, stress rapture testing, fastener testing, residual stress measurement, and XRD. These tests can damage the molecular arrangement and even the microstructure of engineered materials. Nondestructive testing methods evaluate component/material/object quality without damaging the sample integrity. This review outlines advanced nondestructive techniques and explains predominantly used nondestructive techniques with respect to their applications, limitations, and advantages. The literature was further analyzed regarding experimental developments, data acquisition systems, and technologically upgraded accessory components. Additionally, the various combinations of methods applied for several types of material defects are reported. The ultimate goal of this review paper is to explain advanced nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques/tests, which are comprised of notable research work reporting evolved affordable systems with fast, precise, and repeatable systems with high accuracy for both experimental and data acquisition techniques. Furthermore, these advanced NDT approaches were assessed for their potential implementation at the industrial level for faster, more accurate, and secure operations.

scholarly journals Bone quality is affected by food restriction and by nutrition-induced catch-up growth

2014 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakefet Pando ◽  
Majdi Masarwi ◽  
Biana Shtaif ◽  
Anna Idelevich ◽  
Efrat Monsonego-Ornan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Plate Height ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Catch Up

Growth stunting constitutes the most common effect of malnutrition. When the primary cause of malnutrition is resolved, catch-up (CU) growth usually occurs. In this study, we have explored the effect of food restriction (RES) and refeeding on bone structure and mechanical properties. Sprague–Dawley male rats aged 24 days were subjected to 10 days of 40% RES, followed by refeeding for 1 (CU) or 26 days long-term CU (LTCU). The rats fedad libitumserved as controls. The growth plates were measured, osteoclasts were identified using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning and mechanical testing were used to study structure and mechanical properties. Micro-CT analysis showed that RES led to a significant reduction in trabecular BV/TV and trabecular number (Tb.N), concomitant with an increase in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Trabecular BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly greater in the CU group than in the RES in both short- and long-term experiments. Mechanical testing showed that RES led to weaker and less compliant bones; interestingly, bones of the CU group were also more fragile after 1 day of CU. Longer term of refeeding enabled correction of the bone parameters; however, LTCU did not achieve full recovery. These results suggest that RES in young rats attenuated growth and reduced trabecular bone parameters. While nutrition-induced CU growth led to an immediate increase in epiphyseal growth plate height and active bone modeling, it was also associated with a transient reduction in bone quality. This should be taken into consideration when treating children undergoing CU growth.

scholarly journals Mechanical Testing Methods for Body-Powered Upper-Limb Prostheses: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Renato Mio ◽  
Midori Sanchez ◽  
Quino Valverde ◽  
José Lara ◽  
Francisco Rumiche
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Upper Limb Prostheses

scholarly journals Comparing Non-destructive Mechanical Testing Methods for the Assessment of Brittle Papers – The Cantilever, Hanging Pear Loop, and Clamped Fold Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Andrea K. I. Hall ◽  
Raymond H. Plaut ◽  
Patricia M. McGuiggan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Plastic Behaviour ◽  
Bend Tests ◽  
Bending Length ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The ability to determine the condition of paper (e.g. its brittleness) and its permanence is a need in libraries and archives. This study investigates various bend tests and applies these tests to aged paper with the goal of finding easy, non-destructive tests to determine the mechanical properties of paper. The cantilever test was previously shown to accurately assess mechanical properties of paper-based materials, such as elastic and bending moduli as well as the bending length. This work investigates the hanging pear loop and clamped fold tests and compares the results with those found with the cantilever test. The results show that the strain and curvature induced by the two tests are much larger than those experienced in the cantilever test. This large strain and curvature induce plastic behaviour and make the hanging pear loop and clamped fold tests inappropriate for use on paper-based materials.

Mechanical Testing Methods

2009 ◽  
pp. 11-11-9
Author(s):  
TP Groeneveld ◽  
AR Elsea
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Testing Methods

scholarly journals Mechanical testing methods for drug-releasing vaginal rings

2019 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare F. McCoy ◽  
Bronagh G. Millar ◽  
Diarmaid J. Murphy ◽  
Wendy Blanda ◽  
Bashir Hansraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Vaginal Rings
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