scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Tensile Properties of Carbon Fabric-Glass Fabric-Kevlar Fabric-Epoxy Hybrid Composite Laminates

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Samer Al Khaddour ◽  
Mohamad Barkat Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Fabric ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

In this paper, composite and hybrid composite materials were prepared using the hand lay-up method, with carbon, glass, and Kevlar fabrics as the reinforcing materials and epoxy as a matrix. The tensile test was performed to determine the optimal ratio of epoxy resin in carbon fabric/epoxy, glass fabric/epoxy, and Kevlar fabric/epoxy composites in terms of tensile properties. It was found that the optimal ratio of epoxy in terms of tensile properties to impregnate the used Kevlar fabric, glass fabric, and carbon fabric was around 45%wt, 3%wt, and 30 %wt, respectively. The effect of fabric content and stacking sequences, with a fixed epoxy content, on the hybrid composites’ tensile properties were also investigated. The tensile properties of the prepared composites were compared to determine the most favorable preparation conditions for obtaining a hybrid laminate that has high tensile properties and is suitable for a wide range of applications at a low cost.

scholarly journals Investigation on the effect of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of a basalt and carbon fiber hybrid composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen R ◽  
◽  
Kumar M ◽  
Mathan A ◽  
Dhushyanath D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Wide Range

In the recent times, usage of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is inevitable in almost all the engineering sectors especially in Aerospace industries. In spite of its wide range of applications, the usage is currently limited due to its higher cost while compare to the other forms of composite. To overcome this issue, recent researches have introduced low cost high strength composite materials. The present work attempts to investigate the mechanical properties of hybrid composite made out of Carbon and Basalt fiber. The hybrid composites are fabricated through compression moulding technique with different stacking sequence of ply laminates. The fabricated laminates are then subjected to tensile, flexural, hardness and impact tests as per ASTM standard to characterize the mechanical properties. From the experimental results it is evidenced that the strength of hybrid laminates were strongly dependents on the stacking sequence of fiber reinforcement. The fabricated laminates of carbon fiber as top layer reveal improved mechanical strength than that of basalt fiber as top layer. The microstructural investigations also been done on the fabricated composites and are reported.

Flexural Response of Inorganic Hybrid Composites With E-Glass and Carbon Fibers

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Giancaspro ◽  
Christos G. Papakonstantinou ◽  
P. N. Balaguru
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Flexural Capacity ◽  
Compression Failure

By far, carbon and glass fibers are the most popular fiber reinforcements for composites. Traditional carbon composites are relatively expensive since the manufacturing process requires significant heat and pressure, while the carbon fibers themselves are inherently expensive to produce. In addition, they are often flammable and their use is restricted when fire is a critical design parameter. Glass fabrics are approximately one order of magnitude less expensive than similar carbon fabrics. However, they lack the stiffness and the durability needed for many high performance applications. By combining these two types of fibers, hybrid composites can be fabricated that are strong, yet relatively inexpensive to produce. The primary objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of bonding high strength carbon fibers to E-glass composite cores using a high temperature, inorganic matrix known as geopolymer. Carbon fibers were bonded to E-glass cores (i) on only the tension face, (ii) on both the tension and compression faces, or (iii) dispersed throughout the core in alternating layers to obtain a strong, yet economical, hybrid composite laminate. For each response measured (flexural capacity, stiffness, and ductility), at least one hybrid configuration displayed mechanical properties comparable to all carbon composite laminates. The results indicate that hybrid composite plates manufactured using 3k unidirectional carbon tape exhibit increases in flexural capacity of approximately 700% over those manufactured using E-glass fibers alone. In general, as the relative amount of carbon fibers increased, the likelihood of precipitating a compression failure also increased. For 92% of the specimens tested, the threshold for obtaining a compression failure was utilizing 30% carbon fibers. The results presented herein can dictate future studies to optimize hybrid performance and to achieve economical configurations for a given set of design requirements.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Flax-Epoxy Composite with Carbon Fibre Hybridisation for Lightweight Applications

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Dhakal ◽  
Mohini Sain
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Flax Fibre

The effect of unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre hybridisation on the tensile properties of flax fibre epoxy composite was investigated. Composites containing different fibre ply orientations were fabricated using vacuum infusion with a symmetrical ply structure of 0/+45/−45/90/90/−45/+45/0. Tensile tests were performed to characterise the tensile performance of plain flax/epoxy, carbon/flax/epoxy, and plain carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The experimental results showed that the carbon/flax fibre hybrid system exhibited significantly improved tensile properties over plain flax fibre composites, increasing the tensile strength from 68.12 MPa for plain flax/epoxy composite to 517.66 MPa (670% increase) and tensile modulus from 4.67 GPa for flax/epoxy to 18.91 GPa (305% increase) for carbon/flax hybrid composite. The failure mechanism was characterised by examining the fractured surfaces of tensile tested specimens using environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM). It was evidenced that interactions between hybrid ply interfaces and strain to failure of the reinforcing fibres were the critical factors for governing tensile properties and failure modes of hybrid composites.

scholarly journals Open Hole Tensile Properties of Kenaf Composite and Kenaf/Fibreglass Hybrid Composite Laminates

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Salleh ◽  
M.N. Berhan ◽  
Koay Mei Hyie ◽  
Y.M. Taib ◽  
A. Kalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Open Hole

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability on Banyan/Ramie Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
T. Raja ◽  
S. Ravi ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
Asif Afzal ◽  
B. Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Fabric Composite

The usage of natural fibers has increased recently. They are used to replace synthetic fiber products in aircraft and automobile industries. In this study, natural fibers of bidirectional banyan mat and ramie fabrics are used for reinforcement, and the matrix is an epoxy resin to fabricate composite laminates by traditional hand layup technique at atmospheric temperature mode. Five different sequences of reinforcements are as follows to quantify the effect of thermal stability and mechanical behavior of silane-treated and untreated hybrid composites. The results revealed that silane-treated fabric composite laminates were given enhanced mechanical properties of 7% tensile, 11% flexural, and 9% impact strength compared with untreated fabric composite, and at the same time when the increasing of ramie fabric was given the positive influence of 41% improved tensile strength of 40.7 MPa, 49% improved in flexural strength of 38.9 MPa and negative influence in 57% lower impact strength in sample E and positive value in sample A 21.12 J impact energy absorbed in the hybrid composite. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the thermal stability of the hybrid composite. In sample A, the thermal stability is more than in other samples, and 410°C is required to reduce the mass loss of 25%. The working mass condition of the hybrid composite is up to 3.25 g after it moves to degrade.

COPPER ALLOY No. 852

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Copper Zinc

Abstract Copper Alloy No. 852 is a free-machining copper-zinc-lead-tin alloy for castings. It is a relatively low-cost alloy with good machining and polishing characteristics and a pleasing yellow color. Having only moderate strength, it is used in a wide range of light-duty applications such as bushings, valves and plumbing goods. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-362. Producer or source: Copper alloy foundries.

An overview: characterization of natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Thozhuvur Govindaraman Loganathan ◽  
R. Srimath
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior of hybrid bio-composites under varied applications. Design/methodology/approach Fabrication methods and material characterization of various hybrid bio-composites are analyzed by studying the tensile, impact, flexural and hardness of the same. The natural fiber is a manufactured group of assembly of big or short bundles of fiber to produce one or more layers of flat sheets. The natural fiber-reinforced composite materials offer a wide range of properties that are suitable for many engineering-related fields like aerospace, automotive areas. The main characteristics of natural fiber composites are durability, low cost, low weight, high specific strength and equally good mechanical properties. Findings The tensile properties like tensile strength and tensile modulus of flax/hemp/sisal/Coir/Palmyra fiber-reinforced composites are majorly dependent on the chemical treatment and catalyst usage with fiber. The flexural properties of flax/hemp/sisal/coir/Palmyra are greatly dependent on fiber orientation and fiber length. Impact properties of flax/hemp/sisal/coir/Palmyra are depended on the fiber content, composition and orientation of various fibers. Originality/value This study is a review of various research work done on the natural fiber bio-composites exhibiting the factors to be considered for specific load conditions.

EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION ON COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF WOVEN CARBON, GLASS AND KEVLAR HYBRID COMPOSITES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhafiza Muhammad ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Nor Merlisa Ali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Modes Of Failure

The growing use of high-performance materials, which are made of hybrid composite systems, has increased rapidly in engineering applications. Hybridization of woven carbon, glass and Kevlar fibre offers better mechanical properties of composite materials. This is also an effective way to reduce the cost of advanced composites. At the moment information on compressive properties of hybrid composites is very limited. It is well known that the compressive strength of composite materials is lower than the tensile strength. Therefore, compressive strength becomes one of the most important criteria in designing composite structures. Therefore, this research is aimed to evaluate the compressive properties of hybrid composites and compare to the properties of neat systems. Hybrid composite samples were fabricated using a vacuum bagging system. The compressive properties of Kevlar hybrid with carbon and glass composites were studied using an INSTRON 3382 universal machine with a constant crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The compressive properties were determined based on the stress-strain diagram. It was observed that for hybrid composites, placing carbon woven cloth layers in the exterior and Kevlar woven cloth in the interior showed higher compressive strength than placing glass woven cloth layers in the exterior and Kevlar woven cloth in the interior. The modes of failure of the hybrid composite laminates were observed and evaluated using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals A Novel Work on the Thermal Behaviour of Natural Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 590-592
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Mechanical Field ◽  
Heat Distortion Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Similar Kind

The need for bio degradable material in all the fields including automobile and mechanical field is growing due to the awareness and polution and enviromenat safety norms. To satisfy this need needs, alternative natural product with similar kind of properties has to be identify . Where these natural products attribute can be enhanced using some processing techniques and by adding suitable chemicals. Composite materials are the one which is ruling our world and the need for them is marginally high and we need to find new enhanced matrices which have much more good qualities than the old one and find the alternate for them in their existence. The hybrid composite manufacturing has been wide range of investigations. The composites have superior properties like light weight, low density, stiffness, and better mechanical properties. The present work aims on mechanical and thermal behaviours of GKG, GAG, and KGA fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Hand layup method used for fabricate hybrid composite laminates. The thermogravimetric analysis, heat distortion temperature test are carried out to find its thermal stability. For testing and analysis, the specimens are cut as per ASTM standards.

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