EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION ON COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF WOVEN CARBON, GLASS AND KEVLAR HYBRID COMPOSITES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhafiza Muhammad ◽  
Aidah Jumahat ◽  
Nor Merlisa Ali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Modes Of Failure

The growing use of high-performance materials, which are made of hybrid composite systems, has increased rapidly in engineering applications. Hybridization of woven carbon, glass and Kevlar fibre offers better mechanical properties of composite materials. This is also an effective way to reduce the cost of advanced composites. At the moment information on compressive properties of hybrid composites is very limited. It is well known that the compressive strength of composite materials is lower than the tensile strength. Therefore, compressive strength becomes one of the most important criteria in designing composite structures. Therefore, this research is aimed to evaluate the compressive properties of hybrid composites and compare to the properties of neat systems. Hybrid composite samples were fabricated using a vacuum bagging system. The compressive properties of Kevlar hybrid with carbon and glass composites were studied using an INSTRON 3382 universal machine with a constant crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The compressive properties were determined based on the stress-strain diagram. It was observed that for hybrid composites, placing carbon woven cloth layers in the exterior and Kevlar woven cloth in the interior showed higher compressive strength than placing glass woven cloth layers in the exterior and Kevlar woven cloth in the interior. The modes of failure of the hybrid composite laminates were observed and evaluated using optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Flexural Response of Inorganic Hybrid Composites With E-Glass and Carbon Fibers

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Giancaspro ◽  
Christos G. Papakonstantinou ◽  
P. N. Balaguru
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Flexural Capacity ◽  
Compression Failure

By far, carbon and glass fibers are the most popular fiber reinforcements for composites. Traditional carbon composites are relatively expensive since the manufacturing process requires significant heat and pressure, while the carbon fibers themselves are inherently expensive to produce. In addition, they are often flammable and their use is restricted when fire is a critical design parameter. Glass fabrics are approximately one order of magnitude less expensive than similar carbon fabrics. However, they lack the stiffness and the durability needed for many high performance applications. By combining these two types of fibers, hybrid composites can be fabricated that are strong, yet relatively inexpensive to produce. The primary objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of bonding high strength carbon fibers to E-glass composite cores using a high temperature, inorganic matrix known as geopolymer. Carbon fibers were bonded to E-glass cores (i) on only the tension face, (ii) on both the tension and compression faces, or (iii) dispersed throughout the core in alternating layers to obtain a strong, yet economical, hybrid composite laminate. For each response measured (flexural capacity, stiffness, and ductility), at least one hybrid configuration displayed mechanical properties comparable to all carbon composite laminates. The results indicate that hybrid composite plates manufactured using 3k unidirectional carbon tape exhibit increases in flexural capacity of approximately 700% over those manufactured using E-glass fibers alone. In general, as the relative amount of carbon fibers increased, the likelihood of precipitating a compression failure also increased. For 92% of the specimens tested, the threshold for obtaining a compression failure was utilizing 30% carbon fibers. The results presented herein can dictate future studies to optimize hybrid performance and to achieve economical configurations for a given set of design requirements.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of bending characteristics of hybrid composites fabricated by hand layup method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2089 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
M Sadashiva ◽  
S Praveen Kumar ◽  
M K Yathish ◽  
V T Satish ◽  
MR Srinivasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Longitudinal Fiber ◽  
Develop Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The extensive applications of hybrid composite materials in the field of transportation and structural domine provide prominent advantages in the order of stiffness, strength even cost. However extend the advantages of hybrid campsites in several field such as aviation and marine even more additional properties should be inculcate in them. During production of such profitable composites poses some problems at time at decompose and processing. It’s better to develop environment friendly and reusable composites, bio hybrid composite materials such of the one. In this paper, focused on development of Eco-friendly hybrid bio composites with the ingredients of drumstick fibers, glass fiber along with polyester resin. This hybrid bio composites subjected to bending test and evaluate the characteristics of bending properties, this research evident that bending characteristics of hybrid composites with longitudinal fiber orientation better than transverse.

scholarly journals Compressive strength measurements of hybrid dental composites treated with dry heat and light emitting diodes (LED) post cure treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Krisnawaty ◽  
Setiawan Natasasmita ◽  
Dudi Aripin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Dry Heat

Hybrid composites are mostly used on large cavities as restorative dental materials, whether it is used directly or indirectly. The mechanical properties of composite resin shall increase if it is treated with post cure treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate compressive strength differences between dry heat and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) treatment on the hybrid dental composite. A quasi-experimental was applied on this research with a total of 30 samples that were divided into two groups. Each sample was tested using LLOYD Universal Testing Machine with 1 mm/min speed to evaluate the compressive strength. The compressive strength results were marked when the sample was broken. The results of two groups were then analyzed using t-test statistical calculation. The results of this study show that post cure treatment on hybrid composite using LED light box (194.138 MPa) was lower than dry heat treatment (227.339 MPa), which was also significantly different from statistical analysis. It can be concluded that compressive strength of LED light box was lower than dry heat post-cure treatment on the hybrid composite resin.

Damage detection of unidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced laminates with embedded magnetostrictive particulates: A preliminary study

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J Myers ◽  
George Currie ◽  
Jonathan Rudd ◽  
Dustin Spayde ◽  
Nydeia Wright Bolden
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Defects in composite laminates are difficult to detect because of the conductive and paramagnetic properties of composite materials. Timely detection of defects in composite laminates can improve reliability. This research illustrates the preliminary analysis and detection of delaminations in carbon fiber laminate beams using a single layer of magnetostrictive particles and noncontacting concentric magnetic excitation and sensing coils. The baseline analytical models also begin to address the intrusive nature of the magnetostrictive particles as well as relate the applied excitation field with the stress and magnetic flux densities induced in the magnetostrictive layer. Numerical methods are used to begin to characterize the presence of magnetostrictive particles in the laminate and the behavior of the magnetostrictive particles in relationship to the magnetic field used during sensing. Unidirectional laminates with embedded delaminations are used for simulations and experimentations. A novel, yet simplified fabrication method is discussed to ensure consistent scanning and sensing capabilities. The nondestructive evaluation scanning experiments were conducted with various shapes and sizes of damages introduced into carbon fiber–reinforced polymeric composite structures. The results demonstrate high potential for magnetostrictive particles as a low-cost, noncontacting, and reliable sensor for nondestructive evaluation of composite materials.

Hybrid composites made of unidirectional T600S carbon and E-glass fabrics under quasi-static loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hasan Ikbal ◽  
Azzam Ahmed ◽  
Wang Qingtao ◽  
Zeng Shuai ◽  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Static Loading ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Strain ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Configuration

Finite element analysis and experimental studies are presented on in-plane tensile and compressive properties under quasi-static loading for two types of hybrid composites made by using unidirectional T620S carbon and E-glass fabrics in a common matrix, epoxy resin. Results are also generated for plain T620S carbon/epoxy and plain E-glass/epoxy composite laminates. Quantitative data for tensile and compressive properties are presented. It is observed that for hybrid composites, placing carbon and glass fiber parts alternately in every layer (intralayer configuration) gives higher tensile and compressive strengths. Tensile failure strain is higher for intralayer compared to interlayer hybrid configuration.

scholarly journals Damage Analysis and Experimental Study of Composite Structures with Initial Delamination

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-736
Author(s):  
Zhikai Wang ◽  
Zhipeng Chen ◽  
Nana Yang ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Linear Segment ◽  
Two Parameters

Composite laminates are prone to delamination during hot pressing and cooling, this delamination is one of the most important defects that affect the properties of composite structures, the formation and propagation of delamination in composite materials can significantly reduce the structural strength of composite materials and even lead to catastrophic failure. In this paper, the two parameters of the initial stratified position and the initial stratified diameter are selected to research the effects of these two parameters on the mechanical properties of composite laminates through numerical simulation and experiment, and concludes that the influence of initial delamination along the thickness direction on the average compression modulus and strain of the linear segment is small; the influence of delamination on the ultimate bearing capacity increases with the decrease of the distance between the delamination and the center plane. When the diameter of the delamination is in the range of 8%~20% of the effective area(18~44 mm), the influence on the average compression modulus, ultimate bearing capacity and strain of the linear segment is not obvious. When the diameter is increased to 27% of the effective length(60 mm), the above properties have changed greatly. And then, this paper introduces the bilinear controlled cohesive elements into the progressive failure method to calculate the ultimate load capacity of composite laminates, and demonstrate the accuracy of the simulation method by experiments.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability on Banyan/Ramie Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
T. Raja ◽  
S. Ravi ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
Asif Afzal ◽  
B. Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Fabric Composite

The usage of natural fibers has increased recently. They are used to replace synthetic fiber products in aircraft and automobile industries. In this study, natural fibers of bidirectional banyan mat and ramie fabrics are used for reinforcement, and the matrix is an epoxy resin to fabricate composite laminates by traditional hand layup technique at atmospheric temperature mode. Five different sequences of reinforcements are as follows to quantify the effect of thermal stability and mechanical behavior of silane-treated and untreated hybrid composites. The results revealed that silane-treated fabric composite laminates were given enhanced mechanical properties of 7% tensile, 11% flexural, and 9% impact strength compared with untreated fabric composite, and at the same time when the increasing of ramie fabric was given the positive influence of 41% improved tensile strength of 40.7 MPa, 49% improved in flexural strength of 38.9 MPa and negative influence in 57% lower impact strength in sample E and positive value in sample A 21.12 J impact energy absorbed in the hybrid composite. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the thermal stability of the hybrid composite. In sample A, the thermal stability is more than in other samples, and 410°C is required to reduce the mass loss of 25%. The working mass condition of the hybrid composite is up to 3.25 g after it moves to degrade.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation on Tensile Properties of Carbon Fabric-Glass Fabric-Kevlar Fabric-Epoxy Hybrid Composite Laminates

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Samer Al Khaddour ◽  
Mohamad Barkat Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Fabric ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

In this paper, composite and hybrid composite materials were prepared using the hand lay-up method, with carbon, glass, and Kevlar fabrics as the reinforcing materials and epoxy as a matrix. The tensile test was performed to determine the optimal ratio of epoxy resin in carbon fabric/epoxy, glass fabric/epoxy, and Kevlar fabric/epoxy composites in terms of tensile properties. It was found that the optimal ratio of epoxy in terms of tensile properties to impregnate the used Kevlar fabric, glass fabric, and carbon fabric was around 45%wt, 3%wt, and 30 %wt, respectively. The effect of fabric content and stacking sequences, with a fixed epoxy content, on the hybrid composites’ tensile properties were also investigated. The tensile properties of the prepared composites were compared to determine the most favorable preparation conditions for obtaining a hybrid laminate that has high tensile properties and is suitable for a wide range of applications at a low cost.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Impact Damage Analysis on Carbon/Natural Fibers Hybrid Composites: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Post Impact

Hybrid composite laminates including carbon fibers and natural fibers, hence basalt and/or vegetable ones, draw on the experiences accumulated in studying the hybridization of fiberglass with carbon or natural fibers. Yet, in the case of carbon/natural fiber composites, the sense is different: in particular, the idea is to accept the reduction of properties from bare carbon fiber composites and the unavoidable complication in processing, induced by hybridization. The compensation obtained, which offers a rationale to this operation, is the improved toughness and a significant modification of the different modes of failure. This would bring a higher energy absorption and a substantially more effective damage tolerance. The aforementioned characteristics are particularly of interest in the case of flexural properties, impact properties, and residual post-impact performance.

Development of Hybrid Composites (Al-SiC-C) Through Stir Casting: Machinability Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Kosaraju ◽  
Venu Gopal Anne ◽  
Swapnil Gosavi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grey Relational

Composite materials are important engineering materials due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Composite materials offer superior properties to conventional alloys for various applications as they have high stiffness, strength and wear resistance. The high cost and difficulty of processing these composites restricted their application and led to the development of reinforced composites. In the last two decades, wear studies on Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMCs) reinforced with various reinforcements ranging from very soft materials like graphite, talc etc., to high hardened ceramic particulates like SiCp, Al2O3 etc., have been reported to be superior to their respective unreinforced alloys. Therefore, present work focused on the study of machinability of Al based binary composites reinforced with 8.5% SiC and Al based Hybrid composite reinforced with 8.5% SiC, 2% and 4% Graphite powder (Solid lubricant) have been studied by considering the effect of process parameters such as speed, feed, depth of cut and composition of material. Binary and hybrid composite materials have been casted by stir casting methodology. Experiments have been conducted using Design of Experiments approach to reduce the number of experiments and time. The cutting force and surface roughness in turning of both the binary and hybrid materials have been measured using cutting force dynamometer (4 component kistler dynamometer) and the roughness has been measured using surface roughness tester (Marsurf M400) simultaneously. The multi objective optimization has been carried out using Grey relational based Taguchi method. It was observed that feed was the most influencing factor compared to others factors and also results shown that the performance characteristics cutting force and the surface roughness are greatly enhanced by using Grey relational Analysis.

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