scholarly journals Performance Investigation of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Collectors under Jordan Climate Conditions Using TRNSYS Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Odat ◽  
Khalida Rawashedsh ◽  
Mohammed Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Evacuated Tube

The performance of the Flat Plate Collector (FPC) and Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) for domestic hot water applications under Jordan climate conditions was theoretically investigated using TRNSYS software. The presented simulation model can provide a long-term evaluation of system performance at different weather conditions. This simulation was carried out during 24 hours in 21 June, is considered as a hot climate and 21 January is considered as a cold climate; under the meteorological conditions of both Irbid and Aqaba cities in Jordan. The inlet water temperature of the first collector, collector area, water flow rate and tilt angle were considered 15℃, 2.04 m2, 0.0139 kg/s and 45 degrees respectively. The outlet temperature of each collector was considered as the inlet of the previous collector. Three collectors in series were applied to increase the output temperature up to 90-100℃. The results showed that TE increased with the decrease in the inlet temperature, which means the useful energy gain (Qu) of the first collector is greater than the 2nd and the 3rdcollector. The useful energy gain (Qu) of ETC is greater than of FPC, and the useful energy gain (Qu) of cold climate is less than hot climate. The output temperature of ETCs is greater than that of FPCs for Irbid city in cold and hot climate. Furthermore, for Aqaba in cold climate and in hot climate the outlet temperature of ETCs is higher than FPCs. Additionally, the daily thermal performance of the ETCs is significantly better than the FPCs in cold climate. Meanwhile, thermal performance of both collectors are close in a hot climate.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Performances of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Collectors Deployable in Domestic Solar Water Heating Systems in Different Climate Areas

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Adriana Greco ◽  
Edison Gundabattini ◽  
Darius S. Gnanaraj ◽  
Claudia Masselli
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube

Using TRNSYS software, a comparison of the energy performances of flat-plate collectors (FPCs) and evacuated-tube collectors (ETCs) in domestic solar water heating systems located in different climate areas was carried out in order to ascertain solar energy utilization. Investigations were carried out on single FPCs and ETCs and also for strings of four panels connected in series. Tests were conducted using simulations for water as heat transfer fluid with a fixed fluid flow rate and varying the temperature of the collector’s returning fluid. The maximum power peak decreases with the increase in the inlet temperature of the fluid to the collector in the FPC. The maximum outlet temperature of the FPC is higher than the ETC, most of the time. The evacuated-tube collector performs better only in cold climate areas. Simulations suggest that the use of the FPC is strongly discouraged in cold climatic areas due to thermal losses, whereas the ETC works well with reduced dispersion of heat. In warm seasons, on the contrary, the FPC takes advantage of the high environmental temperature which heats the fluid. The maximum yearly outlet temperature and useful power peak predicted in different climatic areas were investigated by varying the temperature of the fluid inlet fed to the two strings of four FPCs and ETCs. In all cases, the outlet temperature is higher in the ETC technology.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Performance of Two Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems of the Archetype Sustainable Houses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamyar Tanha
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collector ◽  
Solar Thermal Collector ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube

This thesis is focused on the performance of the two SDHW systems of the sustainable Archetype houses in Vaughan, Ontario with daily hot water consumption of 225 litres. The first system consists of a flat plate solar thermal collector in conjunction with a gas boiler and a DWHR. The second SDHW system consists of an evacuated tube collector, an electric tank and a DWHR. The experimental results showed that the DWHRs were capable of an annual heat recovery of 789 kWh. The flat plate and evacuated tube collectors had an annual thermal energy output of 2038 kWh and 1383 kWh. The systems were also modeled in TRNSYS and validated with the experimental results. The simulated results showed that Edmonton has the highest annual energy consumption of 3763.4 kWh and 2852.9 kWh by gas boiler and electric tank and that the solar thermal collectors and DWHRs are most beneficial in Edmonton.

scholarly journals Development of a hybrid solar cascade heat pump heating system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Fine
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Evacuated Tube

Society’s use of fossil fuels has led to increasingly high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. These levels have been linked to global average temperature rises, and increases in the severity and frequency of major weather events. To combat these effects, nations around the world have committed to reducing their CO2 emissions, and transition to renewable energy. This thesis focuses on the development of a novel solar heating system, which combines a hybrid solar panel and cascade heat pump. The thesis begins by presenting a high-level literature review of solar and heat pump technologies, followed by the initial design development of the system. Two design iterations are presented, illustrating that the final design was selected because it exhibits improved peak heat output, and reduced sensitivity to panel temperature. Next, a manuscript-based chapter is presented that focuses on utilizing the proposed solar heating system for water distillation. Case studies are presented that compare the performance of the proposed system with a solar still at four different locations. The final conclusion from these studies is that using the proposed system offers area-based performance improvements of 780% compared to a basic solar still. A second manuscript-based study is then presented, which focuses on utilizing the proposed solar heating system for domestic hot water production. Additional case studies are detailed that compare the proposed system to an evacuated tube design, and a single heat pump. The conclusions from these studies are that the proposed system exceeds the performance of the evacuated tube system by up to 64%, and that the proposed system is most beneficial during seasons with higher average dry-bulb temperatures, and increased solar irradiation. A final manuscript-based study is then presented, which focuses on a methodology for improving alternate mode thermal performance estimates for hybrid solar panels. The conclusion from this study is that the proposed methodology can successfully estimate thermal performance within 5% of actual values. Each of these studies contributes to the project goal of developing a novel solar energy heating system, which can be further developed to reduce global CO2 emissions, and reduce the effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Development of a hybrid solar cascade heat pump heating system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Fine
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Evacuated Tube

Society’s use of fossil fuels has led to increasingly high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. These levels have been linked to global average temperature rises, and increases in the severity and frequency of major weather events. To combat these effects, nations around the world have committed to reducing their CO2 emissions, and transition to renewable energy. This thesis focuses on the development of a novel solar heating system, which combines a hybrid solar panel and cascade heat pump. The thesis begins by presenting a high-level literature review of solar and heat pump technologies, followed by the initial design development of the system. Two design iterations are presented, illustrating that the final design was selected because it exhibits improved peak heat output, and reduced sensitivity to panel temperature. Next, a manuscript-based chapter is presented that focuses on utilizing the proposed solar heating system for water distillation. Case studies are presented that compare the performance of the proposed system with a solar still at four different locations. The final conclusion from these studies is that using the proposed system offers area-based performance improvements of 780% compared to a basic solar still. A second manuscript-based study is then presented, which focuses on utilizing the proposed solar heating system for domestic hot water production. Additional case studies are detailed that compare the proposed system to an evacuated tube design, and a single heat pump. The conclusions from these studies are that the proposed system exceeds the performance of the evacuated tube system by up to 64%, and that the proposed system is most beneficial during seasons with higher average dry-bulb temperatures, and increased solar irradiation. A final manuscript-based study is then presented, which focuses on a methodology for improving alternate mode thermal performance estimates for hybrid solar panels. The conclusion from this study is that the proposed methodology can successfully estimate thermal performance within 5% of actual values. Each of these studies contributes to the project goal of developing a novel solar energy heating system, which can be further developed to reduce global CO2 emissions, and reduce the effects of climate change.

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Thermal Performance of a Thermosiphon Flat-Plate Solar Collector for Water Heating in Ecuadorian Coastal Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Sánchez ◽  
José Macías ◽  
Jonathan León ◽  
Geancarlos Zamora ◽  
Guillermo Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

Passive solar water heating (SWH) is a convenient method to meet domestic hot water requirements in rural areas, where electricity may not be available or fuel supply might be limited due to difficult access. In this work, a low-cost thermosiphon flat-plate solar collector alternative is presented. The design was purposely limited to materials and recyclable products widely available in the local market, such as Tetra Pak, plastic bottles, and polypropylene (PP) fittings and pipes. Since PP is a thermoplastic polymer, a poor heat conductor, it was necessary to ensure a suitable system isolation to obtain an optimum thermal performance, comparable to commercial solar collectors. The design was built and tested in Guayaquil, Ecuadorian coastal city. Six inexpensive temperature sensors were placed at the entrance and exit of the collector, on the flat-plate and inside the hot water storage tank. Data was recorded using an Arduino single-board computer and later analyzed with the data gathered via weather station. The implementation costs of the system are approximately US$300, the overall performance during January 2017 fluctuated between 54% and 23%, and the storage tank temperature range varied from to 46°C to 33°C. Due to its reliability and affordable cost, the SWH system is an attractive alternative to an Ecuadorian commercial solar flat plate collector, which price is set between US$600 and US$700, it has an efficiency around 60%, and the average annual storage tank temperature is 62°C.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Solar Energy Gaining Effectiveness between Flat Plate Collectors and Evacuated Tube Collectors with Heat Pipe: Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Olczak ◽  
Dominika Matuszewska ◽  
Jadwiga Zabagło
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Family House

In Poland, various solar collector systems are used; among them, the most popular are flat plate collectors (FPCs) and evacuated tube collectors (ETCs). The work presents two installations located at a distance of 80 km apart, working in similar external conditions. One of them contains 120 flat plate collectors and works for the preparation of hot water in a swimming pool building; the second one consists of 32 evacuated tube collectors with a heat pipe and supports the preparation of domestic hot water for a multi-family house. During the comparison of the two quite large solar installations, it was confirmed that the use of evacuated tube solar collectors shows a much better solar energy productivity than flat plate collectors for the absorber area. Higher heat solar gains (by 7.9%) were also observed in the case of the gross collector area. The advantages of evacuated tube collectors are observed mainly during colder periods, which allows for a steadier thermal energy production.

scholarly journals Sensitive Analysis for the Efficiency of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Based on Orthogonal Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Qianjun Mao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
Parabolic Trough Solar Collector

A multitude of the researches focus on the factors of the thermal efficiency of a parabolic trough solar collector, that is, the optical-thermal efficiency. However, it is limited to a single or double factors for available system. The aim of this paper is to investigate the multifactors effect on the system’s efficiency in cold climate region. Taking climatic performance into account, an average outlet temperature of LS-2 collector has been simulated successfully by coupling SolTrace software with CFD software. Effects of different factors on instantaneous efficiency have been determined by orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment. After that, the influence degree of different factors on the collector instantaneous efficiency is obtained clearly. The results show that the order of effect extent for average maximal deviation of each factor is inlet temperature, solar radiation intensity, diameter, flow rate, condensation area, pipe length, and ambient temperature. The encouraging results will provide a reference for the exploitation and utilization of parabolic trough solar collector in cold climate region.

Experimental Daily Energy Performance of Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Zambolin ◽  
Davide Del Col ◽  
Andrea Padovan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collector ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Radiation Test ◽  
Evacuated Tube

New comparative tests on different types of solar collectors are presented in this paper. Tests have been performed at the solar energy conversion laboratory of the University of Padova. Two standard glazed flat plate collectors and one evacuated tube collector are installed in parallel; the evacuated collector is a direct flow through type with external CPC (compound parabolic concentrator) reflectors. The present test rig allows to make measurements on the flat plate, on the evacuated collector or on both simultaneously, by simply acting on the valves to modify the circuit. In this paper measurements of the performance of the evacuated tube collector and flat plate collectors working at the same conditions are reported. Efficiency in stationary conditions is measured following the standard EN 12975-2 [1] and it is compared with the input/output curves measured for an entire day. The main purpose of the present work is to characterize and to compare the daily energy performance of the two types of collectors. An effective mean for describing and analyzing the daily performance is the so called input/output diagram, in which the collected solar energy is plotted against the daily incident solar radiation. Test runs have been performed in several conditions to reproduce different conventional uses (hot water, space heating, solar cooling).

scholarly journals Feasibility Analysis and Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a DXSAHP Water Heater Based on the Thermal Capacity of the System: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3883
Author(s):  
Jorge E. De León-Ruiz ◽  
Ignacio Carvajal-Mariscal ◽  
Antonin Ponsich
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System

The present work conducts an evaluation of the feasibility and the overall performance and consequent optimization of a direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DXSAHP) employed for domestic water heating. For the study conducted R134a, R404A, R407C and R410A working fluids were evaluated as well as the use of four, six and eight flat-plate solar collectors and a worktime ranging from 1 to 6 h. The case study is based in Mexico City with a 300 L container and a hot water outlet temperature of 51 °C. The paper introduces a new evaluation criterion based on the thermal capacity and all the evaluations conducted throughout this research revolve around this performance metric. The results show that, the system would require at least 4 h of operation to achieve the outlet temperature. Additionally, it was found that the R410A refrigerant has the best heat transfer properties; with an average condensation heat rate of 6.31 kW, followed by the R407C with 5.72 kW, the R404A with 5.42 kW and the R134a with 5.18 kW. Diversely, the R134a refrigerant requires 0.402 kW of compression work, 62% less than the R410A, which requires 1.06 kW. Consequently, R134a delivers the highest COP, which ranges from 7 to 14, followed by the R407C and R404A refrigerants, which present a similar behaviour between them, with COP ranging from 5 to 9 and 4 to 8, respectively, and finally the R410A, achieving the lowest COP, ranging from 3.5 to 6.5. Moreover, it was found that the R134a presents a higher dispersion regarding the energy exchange rate, which reveals that it is the fluid most susceptible to external factors, such as the weather. Contrarily, the remaining refrigerants present a more consistent performance. Finally, the optimization revealed that the R407C refrigerant is the most suitable given that it requires 20% less compression work than the R404A. This provides the heat pump system with a steadier behaviour, a COP ranging from 7 to 8, 30% higher than R410A, a worktime decrease of 1.5 h and heat transfer area of 5.5 flat-plate solar collectors, equivalent to a 31% reduction, both compared to R134a.

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