scholarly journals Query Optimization in a Blockchain-Based Land Registry Management System

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Amrendra Singh Yadav ◽  
Dharmender Singh Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Hash Table ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Technical Discussion ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
Land Records

Digitization of land records is not sufficient for preventing fraud cases, time delay, and brokers' involvement. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is used for making this digitized record more secure and process it in a decentralized way, and reduces paperwork in selling and buying of land. Blockchain technology has come to the fore in recent years and is the center of technical discussion, with intuitive applications driven by its network architecture. It has been firmly established as one of the most important emerging technologies. This article aims to implement a land registry mechanism using blockchain technology and optimize searching of land records in blockchain. Interplanetary File System (IPFS) provides an infrastructure that offers a precise portrayal of all the members' roles. The application interacts with the blockchain network, which is built using IPFS. This paper will help in providing a secure and decentralized system for the land registry process. The proposed consensus algorithm MRRCM achieves less time required to generated a block on an average by 3.06% round-robin and 96.48% PoW approach. The proposed modified hash table search approach requires less time to search the blockchain's land record block than the extensive liner searches and hash table search approach. A search for a land record in the blockchain reduces the search time on an average by 59.5% compared to the traditional extensive liner search approach and by 18.68% as compared with the hash table search approach.

scholarly journals An Effective Randomization Framework to POW Consensus Algorithm of Blockchain (RPoW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1797
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Consensus Procedure ◽  
Time Required

Blockchain technology has become a buzzword due to its intuitive applications and its decentralized network architecture. Blockchain is a decentralized system that uses peer -to - peer networking and appropriate consensus algorithm for secure and reliable transactions and records them all in an immutable ledger as chain of blocks. The world got introduced to the blockchain technology, when Satoshi Nakamoto released Bitcoin in 2009[2]. Though this technology is famous for being the backbone of cryptocurrencies, it has got into various industry domains and many applications have been developed using blockchain [11]. The consensus algorithm used in Blockchain architecture influences how agreement is made to add a new block among all the nodes in the network. PoW (Proof of work) is the consensus algorithm applied in the Bitcoin network architecture and many other blockchain applications. PoW requires each node to solve a cryptographic puzzle with adjusted difficulty, to get the privilege to add a new block to the current chain. The first node that solves the puzzle will have this privilege and some reward. Proof-of-Work (PoW) uses extensive amounts of electric power and steep computing hardware as an effect of their consensus procedure [1]. This proposed work presents an effective randomization framework that reduces the execution time required to calculate the hash value. The number of instruction-set required to compute the PoW consensus is also reduced. This approach helps in maintaining a fair decentralized network to construct blockchain applications.

scholarly journals E-Voting: Blockchain Based Voting For Secure Vote Casting

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4797-4801
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Sybil Attack ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
Algorithm Proof

A blockchain is decentralized immutable ledger technology maintaining integrity. So to conduct tamperproof election it’s one of the approach towards it. Smart contracts are Self executed code that is written on Ethereum platform in blockchain. An E-voting system should be completely secure and does not allow voting twice that is double spending in blockchain. So it should be completely transparent. In research work electronic voting application is implemented and tested using smart contract on Ethereum platform with the help of metamask wallet. The results of ballots and votes will be stored on Ethereum blockchain with the help of consensus algorithm proof of stake. This consensus is used in validating a transaction with concept of majority approval. Current electronic voting system requires a centralized authority to control the procedure from ballot input to result output and for monitoring of election. While blockchain technology provide decentralized system which is open across connected nodes. Blockchain assets provide increased level of system security from hacking and fraud. Every transaction in blockchain is time-stamped and signed digitally with the help of cryptographic algorithms, and it assigns unique hash value to every block so it can be trace easily. Blockchain technology is one of solutions because it embraces a decentralized system and the entire databases are owned by many users. The blockchain technology also has much vulnerability due to which many attacks like 51% attack, Double Spending attack, DDOS attack, Sybil attack, Eclipse attack and Routing attack can be performed on it.

scholarly journals Public Distributed Decentralized System as Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Sayali Sandesh Pingale ◽  
Prof. Rohit Bag ◽  
Dr. Mangesh M. Ghonge
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Database System ◽  
Consensus Algorithm ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System A ◽  
The Right ◽  
Centralized System

Blockchain technology is very useful in multiple areas in our day-to-day world. Along with many social networking platforms there is a possibility of data theft or tampered or data leakage and hence we need our data to be secure and immutable. One of the best solutions to this problem is blockchain technology. It replaced the traditional centralized system with a distributed, decentralized database system. A centralized system requires third parties like servers, banks, or any intermediary for transactions between two users where decentralized systems do not require any central authority to work in between two users. Blockchain technology fully works on a decentralized system. By using a cryptographic consensus algorithm, we achieve privacy, security, and immutability. This paper presents the survey of the most important technology, also presents prerequisites of the technology. The purpose of this paper is too familiar with the innovative, revolutionizing technology as well as awareness of the technology. This paper gives an idea of whether we choose blockchain or not as the right solution for our application based on its characteristics, design, and implementation.

Blockchain Encryption on Student Academic Transcripts using a Smart Contract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primasatria Edastama ◽  
Ninda Lutfiani ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Suryari Purnama ◽  
Isabella Yaumil Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Data Storage System

As an innovation in the world of computers, blockchain has many benefits and is also widely applied in the world of education. Blockchain itself has many advantages, especially in the world of education. Blockchain is a digital data storage system that consists of many servers (multiserver). In this Blockchain technology, data created by one server can be replicated and verified by another server. By using this technology with a decentralized system and strong cryptography and can help colleges or universities to build infrastructure in the archive storage of transcripts, diplomas, and diplomas. Usage One of the blockchain technology applications in education is iBC, namely the e-learning Blockchain Certificate, book copyright, and also e-Portfolios. iBC or e-learning Blockchain Certificate is a tool designed to create, verify and also issue blockchain certificates. As has been supported by the IBC to create certificates that are globally verified and stored in a decentralized manner. Here will be presented use cases that are relevant in the use of Blockchain technology in educational environments, especially data processing in universities and we also try to design an IBC based on blockchain technology that can be used to support transparency and accountability of colleges or universities in issuing diplomas and grades. 

scholarly journals Verification Of Independent Study Assessment Using Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Ria Dwi I’zzaty
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Student Grades

Current technological developments greatly impact the assessment verification system. To find out the student benchmarks in the results of teaching and learning activities during the learning system assessment process is very important in the scope of higher education. With the existence of blockchain technology widely applied in the world of Education, having the advantage of a decentralized system and strong cryptography can help universities in building infrastructure. Universitas Raharja is one of the educational institutions that has implemented an online assessment system (PEN +), which will use blockchain technology to verify the assessment of independent studies. which provides services to Raharja University lecturers in verifying student grades that can be accessed anywhere and at any time. However, currently the verification process for the independent study assessment that has been carried out is still done manually which results in verification not with very strong security. The existence of an independent study assessment verification uses blockchain technology to produce strong data security that did not occur before. In the PEN + lecturer assessment system for the independent study assessment verification process, it cannot yet enter the value of Independent study (IS) in real time. Therefore, there is a need for development in this blockchain technology for the verification process of independent study assessment. In this study there were 10 (ten) literary studies on verification of valuation. Thus there are several benefits that lecturers need not hesitate to verify the assessment, the process by using blockchain technology produces very strong security.

Efficient collective search by BRT algorithm using fast rising threshold agent

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Phung Nhu Hai
Keyword(s):  
Search Time ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Distributed Robots ◽  
Time Required

The BRT algorithm is a method for the best-of-n problem that allows a group of distributed robots to find out the most appropriate collective option among many alternatives. Computer experiments show that the time required for finding out the best option is proportional to the number of options. In this paper, we aim to shorten this search time by introducing a few agents whose threshold increases faster than the normal one to achieve higher scalability of the BRT algorithm. The results show that the search time is reduced, and the variance is improved, especially under challenging problems where robots are required to make decisions out of a large number of options.

Network Model of Urban Taxi Services: Improved Algorithm

1998 ◽  
Vol 1623 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Wong ◽  
Hai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Time Required

A mathematical model is proposed to describe how vacant and occupied taxis will cruise in a road network to search for customers and provide transportation services. The model assumes that a taxi driver, once having picked up a customer, will move to the customer’s destination by the shortest path; and that a taxi driver, once having dropped a customer, will try to minimize individual expected search time required to meet the next customer. The probability that a vacant taxi meets a customer in a particular zone is specified by a logit model by assuming that the expected search time in each zone is an identically distributed random variable due to variations in perceptions and the random arrival of customers. The whole movement of all empty and occupied taxis is formulated as an optimization model, from which a gravity-type distribution of empty taxis is derived. Consequently, the taxi movement model can be solved efficiently by the established iterative balancing method and can be incorporated into any standard transportation planning packages.

Parallel Scatter Search Approach for the MinMax Regret Location Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sarah Ibri ◽  
Mohammed EL Amin Cherabrab ◽  
Nasreddine Abdoune
Keyword(s):  
Location Problem ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Scatter Search ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Minmax Regret ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
Two Stages

In this paper we propose an efficient solving method based on a parallel scatter search algorithm that accelerates the search time to solve the minmax regret location problem. The algorithm was applied in the context of emergency management to locate emergency vehicles stations. A discrete event simulator was used to test the quality of the obtained solutions on the operational level. We compared the performance of the algorithm to an existing two stages method, and experiments show the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of quality of solution as well as the gain in computation time that could be obtained by parallelizing the proposed algorithm.

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