scholarly journals Intelligent CW Selection Mechanism Based on Q-Learning (MISQ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-811
Author(s):  
Nadia Zerguine ◽  
Mohammed Mostefai ◽  
Zibouda Aliouat ◽  
Yacine Slimani
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Contention Window ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Q Learning

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of self-configured mobile wireless nodes capable of communicating with each other without any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration using the medium radio. Wireless technology is based on standard IEEE.802.11. The IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) MAC layer uses the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm to deal with wireless network collisions. BEB is considered effective in reducing the probability of collisions but at the expense of numerous network performance measures, such as throughput and packets delivery ratio, mainly in high traffic load. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a DL technique in which an agent can achieve a goal by interacting with the environment. In this paper, using one of the DRL models, we propose Q-learning (QL) to optimize MAC protocols' performance based on the contention window (CW) in MANETs. The intelligent proposed MISQ takes into account the number of packets to be transmitted and the collisions committed by each station to select the appropriate contention window. The performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated by using in-depth simulations. The outputs indicate that the intelligent proposal mechanism learns various MANETS environments and optimizes performance over standard MAC protocol. The performance of MISQ is evaluated in various networks with throughput, channel access delay, and packets delivery rate as performance measures.

scholarly journals Deterministic Directed Flooding Scheme (D2FS) for Inter-Cluster Flooding in Mobile Adhoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Forwarding Set

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) comprises a collection of numerous mobile nodes that communicates with one other with no dependence on any predefined infrastructure in the network. The characteristics of MANET such as independent, wireless, and self-configuration of MANETs allows the suitability of various application scenarios. Cluster based Flooding is an important issue in the design of MANET where it is an order to manage data traffic as it utilizes a set of chosen nodes to transmit data between two nodes. MANET networks frequently structured with mobile devices for enabling data transmission. An essential process of selecting forwarding set in the inter-cluster flooding. The routing protocol employ in the network often defines the energy efficiency and network performance in ad hoc networks. This paper presents a new deterministic directed flooding scheme (D2FS) for effectively choose the forwarding set for effective inter-cluster flooding. In addition, a Cluster Based Flooding utilizing Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S) to effectively transmit data is also presented. The devised D2FS model is tested using NS2 tool with respect to the existence of diverse hop counts. An extensive experimentation takes place to prove the superiority of the D2FS with respect to overhead, communication overhead, traffic load, packet delivery ratio and end to end delay.

scholarly journals Joint Optimization of Multi-Hop Broadcast Protocol and MAC Protocol in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6092
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Pei ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Zhen Lei ◽  
Hongjiang Zheng ◽  
Luyao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Contention Window ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Q Learning ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Broadcast Protocol

Beacon messages and emergency messages in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) require a lower delay and higher reliability. The optimal MAC protocol can effectively reduce data collision in VANETs communication, thus minimizing delay and improving reliability. In this paper, we propose a Q-learning MAC protocol based on detecting the number of two-hop neighbors. The number of two-hop neighbors in highway scenarios is calculated with very little overhead using the beacon messages and neighbor locations to reduce the impact of hidden nodes. Vehicle nodes are regarded as agents, using Q-learning and beacon messages to train the near-optimal contention window value of the MAC layer under different vehicle densities to reduce the collision probability of beacon messages. Furthermore, based on the contention window value after training, a multi-hop broadcast protocol combined with contention window adjustment for emergency messages in highway scenarios is proposed to reduce forwarding delay and improve forwarding reliability. We use the trained contention window value and the state information of neighboring vehicles to assign an appropriate forwarding waiting time to the forwarding node. Simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed MAC protocol and multi-hop broadcast protocol and compare them with other related protocols. The results show that our proposed protocols outperform the other related protocols on several different evaluation metrics.

An Efficient Cluster-Based Flooding Using Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S) In Mobile Adhoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahima ◽  
N. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Hop Count

: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) hold a set of numerous mobile computing devices useful for communication with one another with no centralized control. Due to the inherent features of MANET such as dynamic topology, constrained on bandwidth, energy and computing resources, there is a need to design the routing protocols efficiently. Flooding is a directive for managing traffic since it makes use of only chosen nodes for transmitting data from one node to another. This paper intends to develop a new Cluster-Based Flooding using Fuzzy Logic Scheme (CBF2S). To construct clusters and choose proper cluster heads (CHs), thefuzzy logic approach is applied with the use of three parameters namely link quality, node mobility and node degree. The presented model considerably minimizes the number of retransmissions in the network. The presented model instructs the cluster members (CM) floods the packets inside a cluster called intra-cluster flooding and CHs floods the packets among the clusters called inter-cluster flooding. In addition, the gateway sends a packet to another gateway for minimizing unwanted data retransmissions when it comes under different CH. The presented CBF2S is simulated using NS2 tool under the presence of varying hop count. The CBF2S model exhibits maximum results over the other methods interms of overhead, communication overhead, traffic load, packet delivery ratio and the end to end delay.

scholarly journals Comparative study of energy efficient MAC protocol with channel aware packet Scheduling in MANET

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
T Dheepak ◽  
S Neduncheliyan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Packet Scheduling ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Utility Factor ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad Hoc Network is the centralized communication system which is used for transferring information through a secured mode from one end to another end. However, there is an energy loss that has been noticed in MANET. In this work, an efficient energy based Link Failure State Neighbor Detection Effective Efficient Protocol (LFSNDEEP) is to enhance the energy efficiency of the mobile node, and optimal transmission ratio computes Data, Audio, and Video packets. The proposed research on LFSNDEEP protocol is compared to Effective Efficient Neighbor Detection Protocol (EENDP) and which assigns the channel utilization. In this technique, the hello packet exchanges transmit based height and wavelength of the transmitter with particular distance. The computation of channel utility factor is the best method at link failure without data loss. The vitality utilization mathematical model is illustrated to show the nodes of least consumption by the broad recreation of utilization. The results observed from the proposed scheme shows that the energy level is minimized regarding the packet that loss is improved efficiently. In further, there are two results which can be gained in comparing with EENDP; firstly, packet delivery ratio and throughput get increased. And secondly, the end to end delay is decreased.

scholarly journals AODV-UI Proof of Concept on MIPS-based Wireless Router

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
B. Anantasatya Adhi ◽  
Ruki Harwahyu ◽  
Abdusy Syarif ◽  
Harris Simaremare ◽  
R. Fitri Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

AODV routing protocol facilitates changing and simple-to-setup network environment. It helps setting up a network without sufficient infrastructure, such as in disaster area. Development of AODV protocol has gathered a worldwide research interest. However, not many researches implement AODV routing protocol in real mobile nodes and real MANET. In addition, real implementation deals with other works concerning underlying protocol, firmware and hardware configuration, as well as detailed topology both in logical and physical arrangement. This work aims to implements Ad-hoc On-demand Distant Vector – particularly University of Indonesia AODV (AODV-UI) routing protocol on low-end inexpensive generic wireless routers as a proof of concept. AODV-UI is an improved version of AODV routing protocol that implements gateway interconnection and reverse route capability. This routing protocol has been previously successfully tested in NS-2. In this work, current AODV-UI protocol is ported to OpenWRT + MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) little endian architecture then tested on the real networking environment. Underlying media access layer is also altered to provide the protocol greater control over the network. Performance of this implementation is measured in terms of energy consumption, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, protocol reliability and packet delivery ratio.

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