scholarly journals Asynchronous Collaboration: Achieving Shared Understanding Beyond The First 100 Meters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghvinder Sangwan ◽  
Kathryn Jablokow ◽  
Matt Bass ◽  
Dan Paulish
Keyword(s):  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Asynchronous Collaboration

scholarly journals Students’ agency, creative reasoning, and collaboration in mathematical problem solving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kristine Solbrekke Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Shared Agency

AbstractThis paper aims to give detailed insights of interactional aspects of students’ agency, reasoning, and collaboration, in their attempt to solve a linear function problem together. Four student pairs from a Norwegian upper secondary school suggested and explained ideas, tested it out, and evaluated their solution methods. The student–student interactions were studied by characterizing students’ individual mathematical reasoning, collaborative processes, and exercised agency. In the analysis, two interaction patterns emerged from the roles in how a student engaged or refrained from engaging in the collaborative work. Students’ engagement reveals aspects of how collaborative processes and mathematical reasoning co-exist with their agencies, through two ways of interacting: bi-directional interaction and one-directional interaction. Four student pairs illuminate how different roles in their collaboration are connected to shared agency or individual agency for merging knowledge together in shared understanding. In one-directional interactions, students engaged with different agencies as a primary agent, leading the conversation, making suggestions and explanations sometimes anchored in mathematical properties, or, as a secondary agent, listening and attempting to understand ideas are expressed by a peer. A secondary agent rarely reasoned mathematically. Both students attempted to collaborate, but rarely or never disagreed. The interactional pattern in bi-directional interactions highlights a mutual attempt to collaborate where both students were the driving forces of the problem-solving process. Students acted with similar roles where both were exercising a shared agency, building the final argument together by suggesting, accepting, listening, and negotiating mathematical properties. A critical variable for such a successful interaction was the collaborative process of repairing their shared understanding and reasoning anchored in mathematical properties of linear functions.

scholarly journals Made to Measure: The Ethics of Routine Measurement for Healthcare Improvement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Mitchell ◽  
Alan Cribb ◽  
Vikki Entwistle
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Routine Measurement ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
Healthcare System Design

AbstractThis paper analyses the ethics of routine measurement for healthcare improvement. Routine measurement is an increasingly central part of healthcare system design and is taken to be necessary for successful healthcare improvement efforts. It is widely recognised that the effectiveness of routine measurement in bringing about improvement is limited—it often produces only modest effects or fails to generate anticipated improvements at all. We seek to show that these concerns do not exhaust the ethics of routine measurement. Even if routine measurement does lead to healthcare improvements, it has associated ethical costs which are not necessarily justified by its benefits. We argue that the practice of routine measurement changes the function of the healthcare system, resulting in an unintended and ethically significant transformation of the sector. It is difficult to determine whether such changes are justified or offset by the benefits of routine measurement because there may be no shared understanding of what is ‘good’ in healthcare by which to compare the benefits of routine measurement with the goods that are precluded by it. We counsel that the practice of routine measurement should proceed with caution and should be recognised to be an ethically significant choice, rather than an inevitability.

scholarly journals Decision-making in complex health care situations: Shared understanding, experimenting, reflecting and learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 205343452110087
Author(s):  
Antoinette T Reerink ◽  
Jet Bussemaker ◽  
C Bastiaan Leerink ◽  
Jan AM Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Strong Focus

People who have complex problems affecting multiple areas of their lives need a different approach than people who have singular health conditions. They benefit more from an effectively cooperating support network that explores appropriate ways of providing assistance, rather than a strong focus on outcome-based care.

scholarly journals New directions in health care and disability: the need for a shared understanding of human functioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ros Madden ◽  
Manuela Ferreira ◽  
Stewart Einfeld ◽  
Eric Emerson ◽  
Robert Manga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
New Directions

scholarly journals Training to enhance psychiatrist communication with patients with psychosis (TEMPO): cluster randomised controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose McCabe ◽  
Paula John ◽  
Jemima Dooley ◽  
Patrick Healey ◽  
Annie Cushing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Self Repair ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundA better therapeutic relationship predicts better outcomes. However, there is no trial-based evidence on how to improve therapeutic relationships in psychosis.AimsTo test the effectiveness of communication training for psychiatrists on improving shared understanding and the therapeutic relationship (trial registration: ISRCTN94846422).MethodIn a cluster randomised controlled trial in the UK, 21 psychiatrists were randomised. Ninety-seven (51% of those approached) out-patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were recruited, and 64 (66% of the sample recruited at baseline) were followed up after 5 months. The intervention group received four group and one individualised session. The primary outcome, rated blind, was psychiatrist effort in establishing shared understanding (self-repair). Secondary outcome was the therapeutic relationship.ResultsPsychiatrists receiving the intervention used 44% more self-repair than the control group (adjusted difference in means 6.4, 95% CI 1.46–11.33, P<0.011, a large effect) adjusting for baseline self-repair. Psychiatrists rated the therapeutic relationship more positively (adjusted difference in means 0.20, 95% CI 0.03–0.37, P = 0.022, a medium effect), as did patients (adjusted difference in means 0.21, 95% CI 0.01–0.41, P = 0.043, a medium effect).ConclusionsShared understanding can be successfully targeted in training and improves relationships in treating psychosis.

scholarly journals Collective Referential Intentionality in the Semantics of Dialogue

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
Dale Jacquette
Keyword(s):  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Shared Meaning ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Reasoning And Argument

Abstract The concept of a dialogue is considered in general terms from the standpoint of its referential presuppositions. The semantics of dialogue implies that dialogue participants must generally have a collective intentionality of agreed-upon references that is minimally sufficient for them to be able to disagree about other things, and ideally for outstanding disagreements to become clearer at successive stages of the dialogue. These points are detailed and illustrated in a fictional dialogue, in which precisely these kinds of referential confusions impede progress in shared understanding. It is only through a continuous exchange of question and answer in this dialogue case study that the meanings of key terms and anaphorical references are disambiguated, and a relevantly complete collective intentionality of shared meaning between dialogue participants is achieved. The importance of a minimally shared referential semantics for the terms entering into reasoning and argument in dialogue contexts broadly construed cannot be over-estimated. Where to draw the line between referential agreement and disagreement within any chosen dialogue, as participants work toward better mutual understanding in clearing up referential incongruities, is sometimes among the dialogue’s main points of dispute.

The glue that holds an organization together: building organizational vision with top management teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Frank Lattuch ◽  
Patricia Dankert
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Top Management Teams ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Organizational Vision ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Top-management teams often have no shared understanding of the organizational vision, or they find it unhelpful for decision-making due to its vague and uninspiring style. The purpose of this paper is to test a theory-based workshop to effectively develop a shared vision for organizational development and learning. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Collins and Porras (2008) vision framework, the authors tested a workshop design with top management teams. Findings The outlined vision workshop is a useful tool to develop a shared organizational vision in a systematic way. Originality/value This paper provides a practical approach to vision building that is relevant and shared by top management teams. Lessons drawn from the case analysis provide insights into the means by which organizations can shape their development through a compelling, guiding force.

A PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR GROUPWARE APPLICATIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 523-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO GOTTHELF ◽  
ALEJANDRO ZUNINO ◽  
MARCELO CAMPO
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Delay Group ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Asynchronous Collaboration ◽  
Membership Management ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Home Users

Many advances have been done to allow groups of people to work together and collaborate in the Internet. Collaborative systems are characterized by the way participants interact. In many cases, equal standing members should cooperate in a non-authoritative environment, where no entity or authority is or should be in charge of regulating the group. Therefore, decentralized communication infrastructures have been hailed as promising alternatives. Recently, decentralized infrastructures based on P2P approaches have drawn the attention of the research community because of their benefits in terms of scalability, robustness, availability and potentials for leveraging computational resources distributed across the Internet. In this paper, a scalable peer-to-peer (P2P) communication Infrastructure for groupware applications is presented. It enables a large number of people to join and cooperate in a robust, decentralized and easy deployable way, without requiring high capacity servers or any other special network infrastructure. The communication infrastructure is based on a binary tree as overlay structure, which implements all groupware communication functionality, including membership management and packet forwarding, at application level, making it an inexpensive and fast deployable solution for equal standing members, such as home users with a domestic connection to the Internet. Two applications, one for synchronous groupware and the other for asynchronous collaboration, have been developed to validate the approach. Comparisons with other communication infrastructures in aspects such as end-to-end propagation delay, group latency, throughput, protocol overhead, failure recovery and link stress, show that our approach is a scalable and robust alternative.

scholarly journals Libraries, Language, and Change: Defining the Information Present

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
Harold Billings
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Library Resources

Changes in the information world are resulting in new concepts of resource sharing, new practices in the management of library resources, and an expanding role for libraries in the educational process. However, such concepts have not necessarily been identified, named, and defined in the language of contemporary librarianship. Although librarians and their associates in the information and educational processes need to be made aware of these subtle, but powerful, new issues, discussions cannot easily proceed until there is a shared understanding of them in the language of review and debate. This paper introduces three themes that encompass these issues: distance information, managed information, and transformational budgeting.

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