scholarly journals Inter-ocular asymmetry of retinal parameters in Caucasian healthy children and young adults measured with optical coherence tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Zeyad Alzaben ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Zaben ◽  
Miguel A. Zapata ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
Published Research

AIM: To evaluate retinal parameters in a sample of healthy young Caucasian adults to define the normal or physiological range of inter-ocular asymmetry in this particular age and ethnic group. METHODS: Study sample consisted of 37 Caucasian children and young adults aged between 12 and 23y (spherical equivalent from -3.00 D to +4.00 D, anisometropia <0.5 D and axial length differences <0.3 mm). Normal inter-ocular asymmetry values were determined and 95% inter-ocular difference tolerance values were obtained. RESULTS: Statistically significant inter-ocular differences were found in mean (P=0.003) and superior (P=0.008) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, as well as in central macular thickness (P=0.039), with larger values in the left eye in all instances, and with tolerance limits of inter-ocular asymmetry of -9.00 µm to 6.00 µm, -28.00 µm to 9 µm and -39.00 µm to 29.00 µm, respectively. In addition, statistically significant differences were found between males and females in mean thickness of the RNFL in the right eye (P=0.020). CONCLUSION: The exploration of the normal asymmetries of the retina may be an effective approach to further understand myopia onset and progression, which is particularly relevant in this age group. Differences in instrumentation and sample characteristics compromise direct comparison with published research and warrant the need for further studies.

Estrogen Receptor α Gene Polymorphisms and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Children and Young Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Boot ◽  
I. M. van der Sluis ◽  
S. M. P. F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama ◽  
J. B. J. van Meurs ◽  
E. P. Krenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α Gene

T WAVE CONTOUR IN THE PRECORDIAL LEADS DURING CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-407
Author(s):  
R. W. REYNOLDS
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Positive Wave ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Transitional Forms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

The T wave in the precordial V leads was studied in 187 normal children and young adults in the age range of 2 weeks to 20 years and in 164 individuals of like age with cardiovascular disease or with disease or medication capable of affecting the cardiovascular system. On the basis of this analysis correlated with a survey of the literature, it is concluded that: a. An upright T wave in lead V2 or leads further to the right should be considered abnormal in children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age until proved otherwise. b. The normal sequence in the direction of the T wave from V4R to V6 is from a negative to a positive wave with transitional forms which may be notched or diphasic. The reversal of this pattern is to be considered abnormal. c. The presence of unexpected T wave contours in specific leads at the different ages should be considered as evidence demanding re-examination of the ECG and of the child for abnormalities.

Effectiveness of Therapy for the Treatment of Accommodative Insufficiency: An Open Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Interclass Correlation ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Therapy Protocol

Background: To evaluate improvements in clinical measures and symptoms in children and young adults with accommodative insufficiency in an open trial of office-based vergence and accommodative therapy. Methods: Major eligibility requirements included ages 9 to 30 years and amplitude of accommodation (AA) ≥2 diopters (D) below Hoffstetter’s minimum. Participants completed 8 weekly, 1-hour sessions of office-based vergence and accommodative therapy. Therapy procedures followed the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) therapy protocol with emphasis on accommodative procedures. Clinical measures of accommodation and symptoms (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS]) were assessed at baseline and after therapy. Results were evaluated using the Student’s t test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Repeatability of CISS scores at baseline was assessed using Bland Altman 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) and Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Results: Eighteen participants (mean age 17.4 ± 8.0 years) were enrolled; sixteen completed the study. The mean AA improved significantly from 5.5D OD and OS at baseline to 12.4D OD and 12.8D OS at outcome (p<0.001). Mean monocular accommodative facility (AF) also increased significantly in both eyes from 6.6 cycles per min (cpm) OD and 7.4cpm OS at baseline to 14.2cpm OD and OS at outcome (p≤0.0009). Amplitude-scaled monocular AF also showed significant improvements (p≤0.034 for both). Mean CISS score improved 10.50 points (p=0.0003). Significantly greater improvements in AA were observed in children (9.0D) than in adults (4.3D) in the right eye (p=0.007 for both comparisons). Conversely mean improvement in CISS score was significantly greater in adults than in children (p=0.039). Repeated CISS scores differed by, on average,1.47 points (95% limits of agreement:-5.19, 8.13; p=0.12). The ICC was 0.95 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.87 to 0.98. Conclusion: Eight weekly sessions of office-based accommodative vergence therapy combined with homebased- reinforcement therapy resulted in improvements of symptoms and clinical measures of accommodation in children and young adults with accommodative insufficiency.

Cardiac magnetic resonance of healthy children and young adults with frequent premature ventricular complexes

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Sestito ◽  
Manuela Pardeo ◽  
Gregory A Sgueglia ◽  
Luigi Natale ◽  
Angelica Delogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Premature Ventricular Complexes ◽  
Children And Young Adults

IS IT BEING USED THE RIGHT WAY? HOME NEBULIZER USE AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS DYING FROM ASTHMA, MICHIGAN, 2002-2004

CHEST Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 108S ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Kenneth Rosenman ◽  
Sarah Lyon-Callo ◽  
Elizabeth Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
The Right

Hand size representation in healthy children and young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 105016
Author(s):  
Ruth Van der Looven ◽  
Miguel Deschrijver ◽  
Linda Hermans ◽  
Martine De Muynck ◽  
Guy Vingerhoets
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Children And Young Adults

scholarly journals Evaluation of insulin resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected youth

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Rosso ◽  
Arianna Parodi ◽  
Giuseppe d'Annunzio ◽  
Francesca Ginocchio ◽  
Laura Nicolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Children And Young Adults

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic abnormalities, including impairment of glucose homeostasis, have been well characterized in HIV-infected patients. In contrast to adults, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus appear to be relatively uncommon finding in youth.DesignWe assessed insulin resistance, and associated risk factors, in a population of vertically HIV-infected children and young adults, when compared with a control population of healthy children.MethodsAt the time of enrolment, weeks of pregnancy, birth weight, sex, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stages, CDC classification, blood pressure, clinical lipodystrophy, hepatitis B or C co-infection, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 T lymphocyte counts, and HIV-RNA levels were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. These parameters were compared between HIV patients and healthy controls with multivariate analyses.ResultsFasting insulin levels (OR=1.21, P<0.001) and glycemia (OR=0.89, P<0.001) were significantly different between HIV-infected patients and controls. Antiretroviral therapy duration (r=0.281, P<0.05), triglyceride levels (r=0.286, P<0.05), age (r=0.299, P<0.05), and BMI SDS (r=0.485, P<0.001) were significant predictor variables of insulin resistance, expressed as HOMA-IR. Moreover, clinical lipodystrophy seems to be strongly correlated to glycemia (P<0.05), triglyceride levels (P<0.05), serum insulin levels (P<0.001), HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and also with therapy duration (P<0.05).ConclusionsBoth HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy demonstrate differential effects on glucose metabolism in HIV-infected children. Targeted prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected children and young adults is needed in order to avoid the associated long-term complications that would otherwise occur, given the improvement in life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals.

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