Analysis of Agricultural and Fishery Policies and Agriculture-related Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Suriname

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Vandorpe ◽  
Carmine Paolo De Salvo ◽  
Olga Shik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food System ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Cost

The agriculture and fisheries sectors account for 9 percent of Surinames GDP. Transition to a modern and innovative agri-food system is among the goals of Surinames government. Surinames agricultural policies include a combination of trade regulations, budget support, and direct participation in agricultural production by the state-owned companies. In 2016-2018, high inflation and currency depreciation impacted agricultural producers and consumers, while the budget funds for support to agriculture were substantially cut. In 2018, the annual value of support to individual producers in Suriname was SRD $267 million, or 16% of total farm receipts. This figure reflects strong market price support to livestock producers at the expense of consumers, while rice producers receive disincentives due to agricultural policies. Between 2015 and 2018, support to general services for agriculture, the most efficient way to promote innovative development, decreased from 44% to only 6% of the total support to the agricultural sector. The fisheries sector was mainly supported through the fuel tax concessions. The amount of the general services support to fisheries was less than the cost of the fishing licenses. While agriculture contributes 19% to the Surinames greenhouse gas emissions, the study found that agricultural policies do not favour climate-affecting activities in agriculture.

scholarly journals Herbal Production in the Turkish Agricultural Sector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Support ◽  
New Policies

Agricultural production depends on natural conditions. All the countries try to stabilize and increase the food supply for communities. For this reason, the agriculture sector, support policies analyzed and conducted well. In agricultural support policies, there are different objectives like raising farm incomes, production and productivity. In Turkey, agricultural is very important. Because certain part of the population of Turkey live in rural areas. There are agricultural activities. They support those living in urban areas, especially in times of crisis. People living in rural areas, as well as food and labor force ready for those living in urban areas. In 2001 is an important milestone in Turkish agricultural policies. Before 2001, agricultural support policies consisted of mainly market price support, credit support and input subsidies. New policies started to be implemented after 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of success in the new agricultural support policies in the context of the agreement with the European Union. We tried to find the best way to deal with the current main problems of Turkish Agricultural Sector in last year's.

scholarly journals Economic conditions of Hungarian agricultural producers in 1990s

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
L. Szabó ◽  
Zsarnóczai JS
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Real Value

The main aims of this study are to describe how much the economic role of agriculture decreased, and this decrease comes mainly from some economic difficulties, for example weak income position of producers based on weak capital accumulation. So agricultural producers need financial supports to improve their production and favourable credit conditions. In 1990s during the last decade, the role of agriculture in the national economy decreased, which contributed to its decreasing share in GDP and real value of agricultural GDP. In 2001, in spite of the fact that the plant production considerably increased and the animal husbandry stagnated, the whole agricultural production volume was by 20 percent under its level of 1989. Finally by the end of 2001, the share of agriculture declined to 4 percent of GDP and together with food industry, their share was about 7 percent. The agricultural scissors increased considerably, namely from 126.5 percent in 1992 to 138.4 percent in 2001.The income conditions made a significant influence on the capacity of the agricultural sector in fields of investments and accumulation. The main problem was the decline of real value of investments. For example the real value of investments in 2001 had not implemented half of investments realised in 1989. This situation showed the low level of technological and technical development in the agricultural sector during a longer period, than a decade. It was important to increase different kinds of supports for agricultural producers, for example: export subsidies, interests of credits, supports for establishing new farmland structure. The share of supports for agricultural production and food industry was 12–14 percent of the two sectors’ GDP in 1990s. The development of the main factors of agricultural incomes was determined by index calculations based on the data of the APEH (Hungarian Tax and Financial Supervising Office) and EAA (Economic Accounts for Agriculture). The supports are needed, which are as follows: based on the APEH data, the profit before tax of 23 billion HUF in 1997 decreased to the loss-level of 8 billion HUF by the end of 1990s. The main aim for agricultural producers was to increase their capital accumulation to implement improvement of production in order to be competitive on the world and domestic markets. There is a difficulty that at the end of 1990s, only about 30 percent of the supports was directly provided for agricultural producers. In Hungary, without taxes and other different deprivals, the current value of production supports was over the level of incomes obtained in agricultural sector, but according to the calculation methods of the OECD, the value of PSE (PSE= Producer Support Estimate) index was at a very low level and it had a decreasing tendency, which could not ensure enough income for agricultural producers in Hungary. So the development of agricultural production cannot be realised additionally to the unfavourable background conditions for the sector. Comparing the support structure experienced in the OECD with that in Hungary, it can be declared, that within the PSE (Producer Support Estimate) during 1997–2000, the MPS (Market Price Support) declined, similarly it was in Hungary. In the OECD, the 8–9 percent share of payments based on input use has remained at same level within the PSE. The subsidy based on input use in Hungary was a main element within the overall subsidy system, and its proportion within the producer subsidy increased from 9 percent to 27 percent during the same period. The payment based on the regulation on input use (environment friendly production) also decreased and shared 2 percent within producer subsidies. In the OECD, payments based on farming income totalled only 1 percent of the total producer subsidies, as well as it was experienced in Hungary. Hungarian market price subsidies by products reveal that milk, eggs and poultry enjoyed a high Market Price Support. On the other hand, Market Price Support to beef cattle remained low.

Analyzing taxpayer support for the Krasnodar Krai's agricultural sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1476
Author(s):  
Valentina L. ZAZIMKO ◽  
Nadezhda V. SEDYKH
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Krasnodar Krai ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
The Government

Subject. This article analyzes the implementation of the government programme of the Krasnodar Krai, Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Markets for Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food. Objectives. The article aims to assess the measures of budget support for the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Krai. Methods. For the study, we used a correlation and regression analysis of official statistics. Results. The article finds that the government programme of the Krasnodar Krai, Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Markets for Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food has a positive impact on the progress of production in the agriculture of the region, but it does not contribute to the growth of investment in the industry. Conclusions. It is necessary to move from targeted support for individual agricultural producers to the creation of a modern sectoral infrastructure.

scholarly journals Review and Evaluation of Agricultural Policies in Years 2015-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p70
Author(s):  
Dr. Hieu Phan Sy ◽  
Dr. Thang Phan Van ◽  
MA. Tuan Nguyen Lam ◽  
MA. Xuan Nguyen Thi Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Service Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

This journal article describes main results of the OECD Annual Report published in 2018, titled “Review and evaluation of agricultural policy in 2017” for 51 selected countries in the world, including Vietnam. The report is closely prepared by MARD and OECD experts. The journal article emphasizes more on Vietnam by updating and adjusting data, information and policies in 2017 and 2018. The description presents the changing trend of agricultural policies applied in the world, considering whether this trend is in the direction of achieving sustainable productivity growth, environmental protection, and adaptation to climate change. On average in the last 20 years, trend of world policies has been better but far to catch above purposes. The development of international trade has made the commodity movement more freely and price gaps narrowed between countries and regions. This trend made agricultural markets developed more toward reflecting the scarcity of good and services. Average level of total agricultural supports has been reducing. Consequently, the world price indices and the total support have been converted between countries and commodities. However, the total agricultural support reduction is mainly in developed countries like OECD countries. Emerging and developing countries have increased their agricultural supports. Relative to GDP, the level of the total agriculture support in Vietnam has been reducing.Inside the total agricultural support, producer supports accounted 78% while general service support accounted only for 14%. Inside the producer support, market price support accounted for more than 50% in many countries. Payments based on outputs and inputs also accounted more than 50% in many countries. In Vietnam, the producer support is very small, negative level in 2015 and 2016 and became positive in 2017 and 2018. The agricultural producer support in 2017 is about 900 million USD. In the overall service support, many countries mainly invest in infrastructure construction, for example in Japan and Vietnam over 70%, while investments in other items are too small, for example that in Vietnam is only about 16%.In conclusion, OECD suggests that market price support should be reduced and finally eliminated. Similarly, output and input payments should be reduced and eliminated. Future policies should focus on general support service that helps producers to achieve sustainable productivity growth in the context of a changing and uncertain climate. OECD especially emphasizes on appropriate investments in research, together with efforts to ensure that the outputs of this research reach farmers. OECD also emphasizes on research that help producers to better manage risks including business risk, weather risk, and climate changes. Agricultural production and climate changes are strongly interacted. Future research should be the better co-operation between public and private sectors with the leading role of public sector. The future research should be co-operated more strongly between countries and regions because of the differences in histories, cultures, geology and climate.

scholarly journals Fertilizer market in Russia: state and direction of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
V. M. Kruchinina ◽  
S. M. Ryzhkova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Cost

Fertilizers are used all over the world to maintain the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security. A balanced application of fertilizers increases crop yields, while increasing the amount of food and enriching the soil with essential nutrients. Russia is one of the leading producers of fertilizers, which is due to sufficient natural reserves. The study of the domestic fertilizer market, its state and prospects are considered in the aggregate of the production base, logistics and marketing features, the ways of further development are outlined using such scientific methods as: observation, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and comparison, monographic. The global fertilizer market is highly competitive. Russia not only occupies a strong position in it, but also provides domestic demand. But the level of fertilizer application in Russia is lower than in developed countries, which suggests an increase in the need for fertilizers in the future. Therefore, the further expansion of the domestic market is associated with the development of the material and technical base of agricultural producers, who need not only funds for the purchase of fertilizers, but also equipment for their application. To stimulate domestic demand, it is necessary to encourage private investment in every possible way, to use public-private and public-cooperative partnerships in creating the infrastructure of the fertilizer market; expand the range of fertilizers at the expense of the brand range, attract small agricultural producers, peasant (farmer) farms and households to the market. It is necessary to create conditions for the organization of cooperatives to supply small farms with fertilizers, which will reduce the cost of purchasing them and will contribute to increasing production and increasing the availability of food products, and thus achieve the goal of the agricultural sector in the context of broader macroeconomic objectives of society – improving the quality of life of the population.

STUDY OF CHANGE TRENDS IN THE MARKET FOR REUSED AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
YURIY V. KATAEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Systemic Development ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Readiness ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The paper deals with the development of a system of criteria and indicators for the formation and development of the market for reused agricultural machinery (MRUAM) in order to optimize the structure and use of the machine and tractor fl eet. It is noted that the machine and tractor fl eet used in Russian agricultural sector is 35…40% undersupplied with the most demanded agricultural machinery. About 60% of regional farms are focused on purchasing equipment on the reused machinery market based on its technical readiness and cost not exceeding 60…65% of the cost of the new products. The modern concept describing the development of the domestic market for agricultural machinery and the methodology for the MRUAM formation are presented. The authors list the main tasks for the MRUAM formation and present the information and functional structure of MRUAM. Over 3-4 years to come, systemic development of MRUAM in the agricultural sector of Russia will raise the level of technical readiness of agricultural machines by 5…7% and increase the agricultural machinery and tractor fl eet by 50…55 thousand tractors, 10…12 thousand grain harvesters and 3…3.5 thousand forage harvesters. The MRUAM formation in the agricultural sector of Russia, in addition to increasing the size of the machine and tractor fl eet, will signifi cantly strengthen the engineering and technical system of the agricultural sector. Agricultural producers will get the opportunity to simplify the procedure for fi nding prospective suppliers and consumers of agricultural machinery, as well as to formulate real prices for used resources and provide guarantees for completing transactions to the MRUAM participants.

scholarly journals Budget support for technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Sas ◽  
Petro Matkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research budget support areas for logistical support of technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. The methods of generalization, systematization, analysis, abstraction are used in the process of research to determine the directions of budget support for technological updating of production and modernization of activities of agricultural enterprises in the context of budget programs. The scientific base of scientific research was composed of scientific works of domestic scientists-economists and legislative and regulatory documents on budget support for the agricultural sector of the economy. Findings. The necessity of state support of technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. Areas of budget support for material and technical support for technological upgrading of production and modernization of agricultural enterprises are identified and analyzed, in particular within budget programs for: partial reimbursement to the economic entities of the cost of construction and reconstruction of livestock farms and complexes and enterprises for the production of compound feed; budget livestock subsidies and state support for crop production; state support for animal husbandry; providing financial support to agribusiness entities through the mechanism of cheaper loans and offsetting of lease payments; financial support (development) of farms; partial compensation for the cost of sophisticated agricultural machinery of domestic production; partial reimbursement of the cost of construction of new greenhouse complexes; financial support for activities in the agro-industrial complex. Originality. The role of budgetary programs on technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises are defined, analyzed and substantiated. Practical value. The obtained results of the study can be used to organize the process of technological updating of production and modernization of agricultural enterprises. Key words: technological modernization of production; modernization; agricultural enterprises; state support; budget programs.

scholarly journals Raw Material Resources for Extruding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost

Substantial research has been devoted to the problems of more rational feeding of animals, improving the quality and nutritional value of existing feeds with a general reduction in the cost of their production, as well as the search for new and alternative sources of feed and methods for their preparation. At the same time, the scientific community is faced with issues of finding the best ways to recycle agricultural and food production waste. Since agricultural producers and processors also face the problem of recycling a variety of waste, the practical implementation of research in these areas is one of the main tasks of the agricultural sector. This article examines the feasibility of organizing on-farm production of animal feed based on a mobile extruder plant that uses waste from the production and processing of crops, food and other industries. This would reduce feed costs, increase the efficiency of using internal feed resources and would utilize production waste. This approach would significantly reduce the cost of livestock products or could become a source of additional income. The data on the extrusion of a number of non-traditional sources of feed products, such as waste from leather production, grape processing, mushroom cultivation, etc., are provided. Keywords: agriculture, animal husbandry, feeding, alternative feed resources, production waste, extruding, efficiency

China – Domestic Support for Agricultural Producers (China–Agricultural Producers), DS511

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-532
Author(s):  
Marcus Sohlberg ◽  
Ariane Yvon
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Support Measures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Agreement On Agriculture

The dispute concerns certain market price support measures by China to domestic agricultural producers of wheat, Indica rice, Japonica rice, and corn, which the United States (US) claimed were inconsistent with China's obligations under the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. Specifically, the US considered that China utilized market price measures in the period 2012–2015 to support farmer incomes and increase production of the said agricultural products, but that this support was in excess of China's WTO commitments. At the outset, the Panel found that the support measures for Chinese corn producers had expired, and that there were no factors weighing in favor of making findings on this expired measure. So, no findings were made with respect to this claim.

scholarly journals China ‒ Domestic Support for Agricultural Producers: One Policy, Multiple Parameters Imply Modest Discipline

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dukgeun Ahn ◽  
David Orden
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Domestic Support

Abstract This paper assesses key issues in the dispute over the United States’ claim that for certain grains China exceeded its limits on domestic support under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) during 2012–2015. The panel first determined that the base years for the reference price in calculating China's market price support were 1996–1998, rather than 1986–1988 as stipulated in the AoA, and that production in the geographic regions where the support programs operated, not the smaller quantities purchased at administered prices, constituted eligible production. The panel then found China had exceeded its limits in each of the four years for wheat, Indica rice, and Japonica rice. The possibility was left open that a government can determine eligible production by setting maximum purchases at support prices in its regulatory framework. China used this option to claim that its programs for 2020 implemented the recommendations and rulings of the DSB. We argue that use of outdated fixed external reference prices to measure the price gap and to define eligible production by limits on purchases, distance calculation under the AoA from economic support measurement. The measurement issues compound the discord among Members over levels of agricultural support.

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