scholarly journals An overview on the use of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Klir ◽  
Josip Novoselec ◽  
Zvonko Antunović
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Conjugated Fatty Acid ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Hemp Oil

The aim of the paper was to research the possibility of using hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition. In animal nutrition, hemp seeds can be used, as well as hempseed cake, and hemp oil as supplement in feed mixtures. Hemp seeds are rich in crude protein and crude fat with adequate proportions of linoleic (LA, C18:2 n-6) and linolenic (ALA, C18:3 n-3) acid. The addition of hemp oil in diets of dairy goats increased milk fat with increasing conjugated fatty acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) proportions. When feeding ewes with addition of hemp seeds (180 g/day) or hempseed cake (480 g/day), higher milk fat content was observed with higher proportions of LA, CLA and ALA. Addition of hempseed cake (143 g/ kg DM) in diets of cows increased milk yield, compared to the control group and the group with higher levels of hempseed cake (233 or 318 g/kg DM). Nutrition of laying hens with hemp seeds in diet (10 and 20%) provided enrichment of yolk fat with ALA, and did not negatively influence laying performance. The aforementioned indicated possibility of using hemp in diets of animals without major changes in production, and with possible increase of desirable fatty acids in animal products.

scholarly journals Influence of Feeding Linseed on SCD Activity in Grazing Goat Mammary Glands

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Tudisco ◽  
Biagina Chiofalo ◽  
Vittorio Lo Presti ◽  
Valeria Maria Morittu ◽  
Giuseppe Moniello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

The effects of linseed feeding on the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity were evaluated on grazing dairy goats divided into two homogeneous groups (C, control, and L, treated) fed the same amount of concentrate which, for group L was supplemented with linseed. Milk yield was unaffected by the treatment. Group L showed significantly higher milk fat (4.10% vs 2.94%, p < 0.01) than group S. Within milk fatty acids, group C showed significantly higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower values of mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In group L, total CLAs were higher than in group S (0.646% vs 0.311%; p < 0.01) mainly because of the differences in CLA cis9 trans 11 (0.623% vs 0.304%; p < 0.01). In treated animals, SCD activity, measured as cis9 C14:1/C14:0, was lower than in the control group, mainly in July and August.

scholarly journals Effect of Chlorella Vulgaris and Japonochytrium sp. Microalgae Supplementation on Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1585-1593
Author(s):  
Klára Novotná ◽  
Milena Fantová ◽  
Lenka Nohejlová ◽  
Markéta Borková ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basic Composition ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two species of the microalgae on the milk yield, the basic composition and the fatty acid profile of goat milk, with focus on n‑3 fatty acids. Forty‑five White short‑haired goats were randomly allocated to three groups; the control group (C) with no supplementation microalgae to the diet. The first experimental group (Ch) was supplemented with Chlorella vulgaris and second experimental group (J) has been supplemented with Japonochytrium sp. The Japonochytrium supplementation negatively affected milk yield, but the amount of milk fat (+0.1 %; +0.45 %) and solids‑not‑fat (+0.27 %; +0.86 %) were higher than in group C and Ch. The amount of polyunsaturated (5.527 % ± 0.378) and saturated (71.560 % ± 0.861) fatty acids was also highest in group J. An increase of C20:4, C20:5 was detected in J and Ch, and the concentration of C22:6 was highest in group J (+0.019 %; P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Daytime Grazing in Mountainous Areas Increases Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Decreases Cortisol in the Milk of Holstein Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Bae-Hun Lee ◽  
Ji-Yung Kim ◽  
Kyung-Il Sung ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Lactating Cows

The effects of grazing lactating cows in mountainous areas for 12 and 24 h compared with the confined indoor system were evaluated by examining the overall milk fatty acid and cortisol. Twenty-one dairy cows were allocated to three treatment groups: (1) control (confined management system in a free-stall barn; TMR based), (2) grazing for 12 h (12hG; TMR plus grazing pasture), and (3) grazing for 24 h (24hG; pasture-based feeding system). Dry matter intake was higher in the control and 12hG groups than in the 24hG group. The yields of total milk and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk were the lowest in the 24hG group. Milk fat was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in 12hG compared with the control group. Milk protein and lactose levels were the highest in the 12hG group. The highest somatic cell count was observed in the 24hG group. The saturated fatty acid levels were higher in the control group compared with the 12hG and 24hG groups. There was no difference in overall mono-unsaturated fatty acids between 12hG and 24hG groups. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group compared with the control and 24hG groups. There was no difference in omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids among the groups, and omega-3 fatty acids were higher in the 12hG group than in the control group. Milk cortisol was the highest in the 24hG group and higher in the control group compared with the 12hG group. Taken together, grazing for 12 h is advisable for farms that have access to mountainous areas to improve the milk fatty acid profile and decrease the stress levels in high-yielding Holstein lactating cows.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy levels using calcium salts of fatty acids on nutritive value of diets and milk quality in peripartum dairy goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Bruna Hygino ◽  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats

Peripartum is a critical period for dairy goats, as dry matter intake (DMI) is not enough to supply the energy requirement for foetal growth and subsequent lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) to increase dietary energy level of peripartum dairy goats and its effects on nutritive value of diets and milk quality. Twenty multiparous Saanen goats (body weight 63.5±10.3 kg) were distributed in a completely randomised design in four treatments at the following dietary energy levels: 2.6 Mcal of metabolisable energy per kg of dry matter (Mcal ME/kg DM) - control diet; and 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 Mcal/kg DM - with added CSFA. Goats were housed in individual stalls and evaluated in the peripartum period, by measuring body weight (BW), DMI, dry matter and nutrient digestibility of diets, blood composition, and milk quality and yield. Increasing dietary energy level to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had no effect on BW and did not limit DMI. CSFA supplementation increased intake of total digestible nutrients and did not affect fibre digestion. Blood triglycerides and cholesterol concentration increased with CSFA addition. The treatments had no effect on milk yield and composition; however, CSFA supplementation changed the fatty acid concentration of milk fat, increasing levels of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids. In conclusion, peripartum dairy goats supplemented with CSFA to increase dietary energy level up to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had a greater supply of total digestible nutrients and showed altered fatty acid concentration of milk fat.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIETARY SODIUM MONENSIN ON THE METABOLIC AND HORMONAL PROFILES OF DAIRY GOATS DURING THE PERIPARTUM PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleyber José Trindade de Fátima ◽  
Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽  
Adony Querubino de Andrade Neto ◽  
Adalberto Freire do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Sergio Peres Ramos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Hormonal Profiles ◽  
Peripartum Period

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the energetic and hormonal profiles of dairy goats fed diets supplemented with monensin during the peripartum period. Eleven pregnant Saanen goats were subdivided into two random groups, a control group (GC) and the monensin group (MG). The MG group received 40 mg sodium monensin per animal per day for 15 days before partum and throughout the subsequent experimental period. Clinical observations and sample collection were performed at 30, 15, and 7 days before birth; on the day of partum; and at 5, 15, and 30 days after birth. The following biochemical and hormonal profile variables analyzed were: cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and insulin. The ruminal fluid pH, chloride content, and volatile fatty acids were also measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) and Pearson's correlation. At partum, the MG group had lower values of NEFAs and lower acetate/propionate ratio. MG had higher triglycerides during the entire experiment period. The administration of monensin generated benefits in terms of energy parameters, improving the metabolic status of the dairy goats during peripartum.

scholarly journals Milk production in Saanen goats treated with repeated low doses of intermediate-release insulin during early lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Bezerra de Menezes ◽  
Maria Gorete Flores Salles ◽  
Cleidson Manoel Gomes da Silva ◽  
César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Intermediate Acting Insulin

ABSTRACT: The effect of insulin administration on the productive responses of Saanen goats during early lactation was investigated. Ten of 20 adult females were subjected to subcutaneous administration of intermediate-acting insulin (0.14UI/kg body weight) at 2, 9, and 14 days postpartum. Milk yield was measured twice daily for 13 weeks and milk samples were collected to measure protein and fat contents. Plasma levels of progesterone, insulin, non-esterifies fatty acids, glucose and other metabolites were measured. Results showed a significantly increased effect of insulin treatment on the content of milk fat and protein; moreover, milk production in the first and second postpartum weeks were higher than control group. The peak of lactation in the insulin group was achieved one week earlier in comparison to the control group. In addition, the milk production rate showed lower persistency (milk yield 13 week/milk yield at peak) in the same group. During the first four weeks of postpartum, treated animals showed greater weight loss and higher non-esterified fatty acid concentration, whereas no effect was observed on the concentration of progesterone and other metabolites. The above results indicated that repeated administration of insulin in dairy goats during early lactation increase yield and qualitative components of milk, but has substantial consequences on animal productive rate and metabolic response.

scholarly journals UTICAJ MASTI OBROKA NA SADRŽAJ ESENCIJALNIH MASNIH KISELINA U MLEČNOJ MASTI PREŽIVARA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Đorđevic ◽  
◽  
Dušica Radonjic ◽  
Goran Grubic ◽  
Bojan Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Main Factor

In this paper is shown an overview of researches on the effect of nutrition with diets and feeds rich in lipids, on the yield and chemical composition of milk, as well as on the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in milk fat at ruminants. The numerous studies have shown that many genetic and nongenetic factors affect on the milk fat and fatty acids content variations, whereas the main factor is animal nutrition. In addition to fresh forage intake (on pasture or in the stable) the second most important way to increase the PUFA content is using some oilseeds in rations. Among the researched species (soybean, sunflower, flax, cotton, peanuts), the best results were obtained with using heat-treated soybean, which also provides a higher content of undegradable protein.

Effects of rapeseed and soybean oil dietary supplementation on bovine fat metabolism, fatty acid composition and cholesterol levels in milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Altenhofer ◽  
Melanie Spornraft ◽  
Hermine Kienberger ◽  
Michael Rychlik ◽  
Julia Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The main goal of this experiment was to study the effect of milk fat depression, induced by supplementing diet with plant oils, on the bovine fat metabolism, with special interest in cholesterol levels. For this purpose 39 cows were divided in three groups and fed different rations: a control group (C) without any oil supplementation and two groups with soybean oil (SO) or rapeseed oil (RO) added to the partial mixed ration (PMR). A decrease in milk fat percentage was observed in both oil feedings with a higher decrease of −1·14 % with SO than RO with −0·98 % compared with the physiological (−0·15 %) decline in the C group. There was no significant change in protein and lactose yield. The daily milk cholesterol yield was lower in both oil rations than in control ration, while the blood cholesterol level showed an opposite variation. The milk fatty acid pattern showed a highly significant decrease of over 10 % in the amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both oil feedings and a highly significant increase in mono (MUFA) and poly (PUFA) unsaturated fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) included. The results of this experiment suggest that the feeding of oil supplements has a high impact on milk fat composition and its significance for human health, by decreasing fats with a potentially negative effect (SFA and cholesterol) while simultaneously increasing others with positive (MUFA, PUFA, CLA).

Associations between major fatty acids in plant oils fed to dairy goats and C18 isomers in milk fat

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés L Martínez Marín ◽  
Pilar Gómez-Cortés ◽  
Nieves Núñez Sánchez ◽  
Manuela Juárez ◽  
Ana I Garzón Sigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Fat Composition

Relationships between fatty acids (FAs) in plant oils included in goat diets and milk fat C18 isomers were determined by Principal Factor Analysis (PFA). The three first principal factors (PF1, PF2 and PF3) accounted for 64·5% of the total variation in milk FAs contents. Fatty acids with a double bond at carbons 13, 14, 15 or 16 had high (>0·6) and positive loadings for PF1, trans-4 to trans-8 C18:1 for PF2, whereas trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1 and cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 showed high and positive loadings for PF3. Pearson's correlations supported that PF1, PF2 and PF3 were related to α-linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid intakes, respectively. Our results show that the quantitatively main FAs in plant lipids supplemented to dairy ruminants are often the main cause of the observed changes in milk C18 isomer contents. However, sometimes the observed changes are caused, or at least are influenced, by other FAs present in lower quantities in the plant lipids. Thus, using mixtures of plant oils with differently unsaturated main FAs could be a way of tailoring milk fat composition to a pre-designed pattern.

scholarly journals Short communication: Feeding linseed oil to dairy goats with competent reticular groove reflex greatly increases n-3 fatty acids in milk fat

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 7532-7537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Martínez Marín ◽  
P. Gómez-Cortés ◽  
D. Carrión Pardo ◽  
N. Núñez Sánchez ◽  
G. Gómez Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Dairy Goats
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