scholarly journals A PRACTICAL SOLUTION FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY RELATED TO INCOME INEQUALITY: SUPPORTING WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT

2016 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
Deniz ZÜNGÜN ◽  
Emine Türkan AYVAZ GÜVEN
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Practical Solution

scholarly journals Changes in Couples' Earnings Following Parenthood and Trends in Family Earnings Inequality

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Gonalons-Pons ◽  
Christine R. Schwartz ◽  
Kelly Musick
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Critical Turning Point

Abstract The growing economic similarity of spouses has contributed to rising income inequality across households. Explanations have typically centered on assortative mating, but recent work has argued that changes in women's employment and spouses' division of paid work have played a more important role. We expand this work to consider the critical turning point of parenthood in shaping couples' division of employment and earnings. Drawing on three U.S. nationally representative surveys, we examine the role of parenthood in spouses' earnings correlations between 1968 and 2015. We examine the extent to which changes in spouses' earnings correlations are due to (1) changes upon entry into marriage (assortative mating), (2) changes between marriage and parenthood, (3) changes following parenthood, and (4) changes in women's employment. Our findings show that increases in the correlation between spouses' earnings prior to 1990 came largely from changes between marriage and first birth, but increases after 1990 came almost entirely from changes following parenthood. In both instances, changes in women's employment are key to increasing earnings correlations. Changes in assortative mating played little role in either period. An assessment of the aggregate-level implications points to the growing significance of earnings similarity after parenthood for rising income inequality across families.

Glamour and Aspiration: Women's Employment and the Establishment of Midlands ATV, 1956–68

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Murray
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Television News ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Television Production ◽  
News Broadcasts ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Status Of Women

This article uses an extant collection of television news inserts and other television ephemera to examine women's employment at Midlands ATV. Focusing on the years between the first Midlands News broadcasts in 1956 until major contract changes across the ITV network in 1968, it examines the jobs women did during this formative period and their chances for promotion. In particular it suggests that contemporary ideas of glamour and their influence in screen culture maintained a significant influence in shaping women's employment. This connection between glamorous television aesthetics and female employees as the embodiment of glamour, especially on screen, did leave women vulnerable to redundancy as ‘frivolity’ in television was increasingly criticised in the mid-1960s. However, this article argues that the precarious status of women in the industry should not undermine historical appreciation of the value of their work in the establishing of television in Britain. Setting this study of Midlands ATV within the growing number of studies into women's employment in television, there are certain points of comparison with women's experience at the BBC and in networked ITV current affairs programmes. However, while the historical contours of television production are broadly comparable, there are clear distinctions, such as the employment of a female newscaster, Pat Cox, between 1956 and 1965. Such distinctions also suggest that regional news teams were experimenting with the development of a vernacular television news style that requires further study.

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