Married Women's Employment Status and Family Income Inequality

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Mary Ann O'Loughlin ◽  
Bettina Cass
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment

scholarly journals Changes in Couples' Earnings Following Parenthood and Trends in Family Earnings Inequality

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Gonalons-Pons ◽  
Christine R. Schwartz ◽  
Kelly Musick
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Critical Turning Point

Abstract The growing economic similarity of spouses has contributed to rising income inequality across households. Explanations have typically centered on assortative mating, but recent work has argued that changes in women's employment and spouses' division of paid work have played a more important role. We expand this work to consider the critical turning point of parenthood in shaping couples' division of employment and earnings. Drawing on three U.S. nationally representative surveys, we examine the role of parenthood in spouses' earnings correlations between 1968 and 2015. We examine the extent to which changes in spouses' earnings correlations are due to (1) changes upon entry into marriage (assortative mating), (2) changes between marriage and parenthood, (3) changes following parenthood, and (4) changes in women's employment. Our findings show that increases in the correlation between spouses' earnings prior to 1990 came largely from changes between marriage and first birth, but increases after 1990 came almost entirely from changes following parenthood. In both instances, changes in women's employment are key to increasing earnings correlations. Changes in assortative mating played little role in either period. An assessment of the aggregate-level implications points to the growing significance of earnings similarity after parenthood for rising income inequality across families.

scholarly journals Research Note: Gender Differences in Employment During the COVID-19 Epidemic

Demography ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Villarreal ◽  
Wei-hsin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on gender disparities in three employment outcomes: labor force participation, full-time employment, and unemployment. Using data from the monthly Current Population Survey, in this research note we test individual fixed-effects models to examine the employment status of women relative to that of men in the nine months following the onset of the epidemic in March of 2020. We also test separate models to examine differences between women and men based on the presence of young children. Because the economic effects of the epidemic coincided with the summer months, when women's employment often declines, we account for seasonality in women's employment status. After doing so, we find that women's full-time employment did not decline significantly relative to that of men during the months following the beginning of the epidemic. Gender gaps in unemployment and labor force participation did increase, however, in the early and later months of the year, respectively. Our findings regarding women's labor force participation and employment have implications for our understanding of the long-term effects of the health crisis on other demographic outcomes.

scholarly journals Women's Employment Status and Mortality: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Rose ◽  
April P. Carson ◽  
Diane Catellier ◽  
Ana V. Diez Roux ◽  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk
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