scholarly journals Antimicrobial effects of propolis on Clostridium difficile strains belonging to the different PCR-ribotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Piotrowski ◽  
Hanna Pituch ◽  
Piotr Obuch-Woszczatyński
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Resinous Product

<p><em>Clostridium difficile</em> is a Gram-positive, anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium, which is a primary cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. The rising incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens such as <em>C. difficile</em> makes the new antibacterial natural products research very important and necessary to conduct. It has been observed that propolis has bactericidal effects<em>.</em> Propolis is a natural resinous product that is manufactured by honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>). The antimicrobial activity of propolis is an important biological property. In spite of the large composition differences of the propolis types, all of them have antimicrobial activity. Twenty strains of the <em>C.difficile</em> belonging to four prominent PCR-ribotypes (RT) (RT017, RT023, RT027, and RT046) were used in research. MBC value were determined by broth dilution method. Propolis samples were obtained from honey bees farm in lubelskie woyevodship. Bactericidal effect of the propolis on <em>C.difficile</em> strains was observed at its concentration of  39 mg/ml.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Some Components of the Essential Oils of Plants Used in the Traditional Medicine of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Puebla, México

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Sebastián Candelaria-Dueñas ◽  
Rocío Serrano-Parrales ◽  
Marisol Ávila-Romero ◽  
Samuel Meraz-Martínez ◽  
Julieta Orozco-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Agar Dilution

In Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley (Mexico), studies have been carried out on the essential oils of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity and it was found that they present compounds in common such as: α-pinene, β-pinene, carvacrol, eugenol, limonene, myrcene, ocimene, cineole, methyl salicylate, farnesene, and thymol. The goal of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of essential oils’ compounds. The qualitative evaluation was carried out by the Kirby Baüer agar diffusion technique in Gram-positive bacteria (11 strains), Gram-negative bacteria (18 strains), and yeasts (8 strains). For the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the agar dilution method was used. All the evaluated compounds presented antimicrobial activity. The compounds eugenol and carvacrol showed the largest inhibition zones. Regarding yeasts, the compounds ocimene, cineole, and farnesene did not show any activity. The compounds eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol presented the lowest MIC; bactericidal effect was observed at MIC level for S. aureus 75MR, E. coli 128 MR, and C albicans CUSI, for different compounds, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol. Finally, this study shows that the essential oils of plants used by the population of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán valley share compounds and some of them have antibacterial and fungicidal activity.

scholarly journals Essential oils as potential anti-staphylococcal agents

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szweda Piotr ◽  
Zalewska Magdalena ◽  
Pilch Joanna ◽  
Kot Barbara ◽  
Milewski Sławomir
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Antibiotic therapy of staphylococcal mastitis is characterized by significantly lower cure rates compared to infections caused by other microorganisms. Thus, it is necessary to search for new, alternative, non-antibiotic agents that are effective in the eradication of these bacteria. The aim of our research was to investigate the antimicrobial, especially anti-staphylococcal potential of a large collection (n=36) of essential oils (EOs). Investigation of the antimicrobial activity of tested oils was determined by using a serial, twofold dilution method in 96-wells microtiter plates under conditions recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The preliminary analysis revealed that six oils, namely: Manuka, Thyme, Geranium, Cedar, Cinnamon (from bark) and Patchouli exhibited the highest activity against reference strains of bacteria. Significant anti-staphylococcal potential of these oils has been also confirmed for a group of 18 Staphylococcus aureus, 8 Staphylococcus epidermidis and 5 Staphylococcus xylosus strains isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. Especially high activity was observed for Cedar, Patchouli, Thyme and Manuka oils. The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) values for Patchouli oil were in the concentrations range of 0.01 to 0.313% (v/v). The three other oils inhibited the growth of staphylococci isolated from mastitis in the concentrations range of 0.01 to 0.625% (v/v). Oils isolated from Cinnamomum cassia and Pelargonium graveolens revealed a bit lower, but still satisfactory activity (MIC values in the concentrations range of 0.02 to 1.25% (v/v) and from 0.078 to 1.25% (v/v), respectively). In many cases a slightly higher concentration of oils was required to obtain the bactericidal effect in comparison to growth inhibition. The time – kill kinetic assay revealed that the bactericidal effect was achieved after two hours incubation of the reference strain S. aureus PCM 2051 cells with Thyme oil at concentration equal to 2xMIC (1.25% (v/v)) or MIC (0.625% (v/v)). A slightly lower activity was observed in the case of Cinnamon oil, the bactericidal effect was achieved after 8 hours of incubation. The results of our research clearly indicate that some essential oils exhibit a promising antimicrobial activity and can be considered as alternative antistaphylococcal agents.

scholarly journals Manganese (II) and Cobalt (II) Acetylacetonates as Antimicrobial Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
S G Yiase ◽  
S O Adejo ◽  
S T Iningev
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Broth Dilution

Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes were prepared by reaction of the metal chlorides with acetylacetone in ammonical aqueous medium. The metal complexes were prepared in order to investigate their antimicrobial activity on some selected pathogens. The characterisation of the complexes was on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques like infrared and ultraviolet studies. The compounds were subjected to antimicrobial activity screening using serial broth dilution method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined. Mn(II) complex has shown significantly both antibacterial and antifungal activity with a MIC of 1.25 μg/mL while Co(II) complex was noticeable for antifungal activity at the same concentration. Whereas Mn(II) acetylacetonate is a more potent bactericide while Co(II) acetylacetonate is a more potent fungicide, both with MBC/MFC value of 2.5 μg/mL. Antimicrobial agent of the ligand has enhanced on complexation with Mn(II) and Co(II) ions. Though, the potency of the prepared antibiotics on the tested microbes is less compared to the standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin and Fulcin).

scholarly journals Isolation and Antimicrobial Activity of β-Sitosterol-3-O-Glucoside from Lannea Kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 004-008
Author(s):  
Njinga N. S. ◽  
Sule M. I. ◽  
Pateh U. U. ◽  
Hassan H. S. ◽  
Abdullahi S. T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe emergence of more and more drug resistance bacteria has led to the study of the antimicrobial activity of the compound isolated from Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiacea) since the active principles of many drugs found in plants are secondary metabolites. A compound was isolated using dry vacuum liquid chromatography and eluting with CHCl3 -EtOAc and monitored using TLC. 3 1 13 The glycoside was characterized using 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra recorded in DMSO-d6 at 400 MHz and 125 MHz, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/minimum fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) was determined using broth dilution method. The compound isolated was found to be β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside. The β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (200μg/ml) was active against S. aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, P. mirabilis, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, B. subtilis with zone of inhibition ranging from 24mm to 34mm and inactive against P. aeroginosa and Proteus vulgaris. It was also active against the fungi C. albicans and C. tropicalis but inactive against C. krusei. The MIC ranged from 25 to 50 μg/ml while the MBC/MFC ranged from 50 to 200 μg/ml. These results show the wide spectrum antimicrobial activity of β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside.

scholarly journals Differences in the Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile Isolates in Pediatric and Adult Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 4896-4900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry K. Kociolek ◽  
Dale N. Gerding ◽  
James R. Osmolski ◽  
Sameer J. Patel ◽  
David R. Snydman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

ABSTRACTThe rising incidence ofClostridium difficileinfections (CDIs) in adults is partly related to the global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, namely, BI/NAP1/027. Although CDIs are also increasingly diagnosed in children, BI/NAP1/027 is relatively uncommon in children. Little is known about the antibiotic susceptibility of pediatric CDI isolates.C. difficilewas cultured fromtcdB-positive stools collected from children diagnosed with CDI between December 2012 and December 2013 at an academic children's hospital. CDI isolates were grouped by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). MICs were measured by agar dilution method for 7 antibiotics. Susceptibility breakpoints were based on guidelines from CLSI and/or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MICs and REA groupings ofC. difficileisolates from 74 adult patients (29 isolates underwent REA) from a temporally and geographically similar adult cohort were compared to those of pediatric isolates. Among 122 pediatric and 74 adult isolates, respectively, the rates of resistance were as follows: metronidazole, 0% and 0%; vancomycin, 0% and 8% (P= 0.003); rifaximin, 1.6% and 6.7% (P= 0.11); clindamycin, 18.9% and 25.3% (P= 0.29); and moxifloxacin, 2.5% and 36% (P= <0.0001). Only 1 of 122 (0.8%) BI/NAP1/027 isolates was identified among the children, compared to 9 of 29 (31%) isolates identified among the adults (P= <0.0001). The 3 moxifloxacin-resistant pediatric isolates were of REA groups BI and CF and a nonspecific group. The 2 rifaximin-resistant pediatric isolates were of REA groups DH and Y. The 21 clindamycin-resistant pediatric isolates were distributed among 9 REA groups (groups A, CF, DH, G, L, M, and Y and 2 unique nonspecific REA groups). These data suggest that a diverse array of relatively antibiotic-susceptibleC. difficilestrains predominate in a cohort of children with CDI compared to adults.

scholarly journals Spermicidal and Antibacterial Effects of Oncoba welwitschii Oliv. (Salicaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Odette N. Kabena ◽  
Naomie E. Nyakembe ◽  
Jean Jacques D. Amogu ◽  
Lionel S. Asamboa ◽  
Emmanuel M. Lengbiye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
The University ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the spermicidal, antimicrobial activity of Oncoba welwitchii Oliv. This will justify its use on reproductive health especially in the occurrence of infertility and the imbalance of vaginal flora. Carried out at the Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Kinshasa, between January and May 2019, this study was initiated to determine the effect of the use of O. welwitchii Oliv. on human spermatozoa and vaginal microorganisms. Methodology: The leaves of O. welwitchii Oliv. were collected and identified at University of Kinshasa. The spermicidal effect was performed by the Sander-Cramer method and antibacterial activity were evaluated by liquid dilution method. Results: The results revealed that the juice of the leaves of O. welwitchii Oliv. have a spermicidal effect, as this juice reduce the initial mobility of the spermatozoids after 60 minutes of the exposure from 72±12% to 1±2% and their initial viability from 74±11% to 10±18%. This juice has shown bacteriostatic effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (MBC/MIC > 4) and bactericidal effects against Lactobacilus acidophilus (MBC/MIC ≤ 4). Conclusion: This study gives additional information on the phytochemistry composition and a spermicidal effects of O. welwitchii Oliv. The spermicidal effects of this plant could be associated to its acidity. It should be noted that to the best of our knowledge, no study on the phytochemistry of O. welwitchii Oliv. is available in the literature.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of berries and leaves essential oils of Macedonian Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (Cupressaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floresha Sela ◽  
Marija Karapandzova ◽  
Gjose Stefkov ◽  
Ivana Cvetkovikj ◽  
Elena Trajkovska-Dokikj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Broth Dilution

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaves and berries essential oils from Juniperus foetidissima Willd. (Cupressaceae) grown in R. Macedonia (RM) was investigated. GC/FID/MS analysis was carried out and 93 components were identified, representing 89.7-96.5% of the oils. The major components of the berries essential oil were α-pinene (19.2%), limonene (24.9%) and cedrol (23.1%), followed by smaller amounts of b-funebrene, trans-caryophyllene, germacrene D and d-cadinene. The composition of the leaves essential oil was variable depending on the region of collection. Accordingly, samples originated from southeastern RM contained essential oil with α-pinene (67.6%) and limonene (10.0%), from central part of RM with limonene (17.9-27.1%) and cedrol (28.8-33.9%), while samples from southwestern RM contained oil with terpinen-4-ol (19.1%), cis-thujone (8.3%), germacrene D (11.0%) and d-cadinene (6.3%) as predominant components in the oil. Antimicrobial screening of the essential oils was made by disc diffusion and broth dilution method against 16 bacterial strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans. The leaves essential oil showed stronger antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae (MIC = 125 ml/ml) and moderate activity against Campylobacter jejuni (MIC > 500 ml/ml). Other investigated bacterial strains and Candida albicans were completely resistant to the antimicrobial activity of J. foetidissima essential oils.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Cymbopogon (Lemongrass) on Enterococci

2021 ◽  
pp. 684-690
Author(s):  
A. Sai Sanjith ◽  
N. P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Broth Dilution

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus bacteria. Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the Broth Dilution Method. The antibiotic susceptibility test against the test organisms was performed by the Disc Diffusion Method. Results and Discussion: Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon oil was examined against common Enterococcus bacteria using broth microdilution assay and the disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition was seen when Cymbopogon oil was kept with enterococcus bacteria, this proves to be bacteriostatic. Conclusion: Lemongrass oil proved to be bacteriostatic against Enterococcus, further research to be done to implement Lemongrass oil as an antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of Diversely Substituted Acetyl Pyrazoline Bearing Biphenyl Carbonitrile Motif

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Pineshkumar N. Patel ◽  
Denish C. Karia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
C Nmr

Novel series of diversely substituted acetyl pyrazoline having biphenyl carbonitrile motif have been synthesized. The reaction of 2-cyno-4’-bromomethyl biphenyl with1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone resulted in acetophenone derivative of biphenyl-2-carbonitrile. This acetophenone derivative was condensed with substituted aromatic aldehyde in mixed solvent resulted in various substituted chalcones. These chalcones were further cyclized using hydrazine hydrate in presence of glacial acetic acid to produce titled compound derivatives. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR FT-IR and mass spectra. Synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity by broth dilution method. Out of twelve newly synthesized compounds, eight compounds are found to be equipotent to Ampicillin.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1,2,4-Triazolo-[3,4-b]Thiadiazole as Antimicrobial Agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Piyush B. Vekariya ◽  
Jalpa R. Pandya ◽  
Vaishali Goswami ◽  
Hitendra S. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Broth Dilution

Some novel 6-fluoro chroman derivatives having 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]thiadiazole were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectral analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity using broth dilution method. All the compounds showed good antimicrobial activity and compound 5e showed significant antibacterial activity.

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