Cohort-Selective Gamma Rhythms Support Hierarchical Visual Processing During Word Recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shady El Damaty
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Gamma Rhythms

Visual word recognition models should also be constrained by knowledge about the visual system

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gomez ◽  
Sarah Silins
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Universal Models ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Models Of Reading ◽  
Reading Models

AbstractFrost's article advocates for universal models of reading and critiques recent models that concentrate in what has been described as “cracking the orthographic code.” Although the challenge to develop models that can account for word recognition beyond Indo-European languages is welcomed, we argue that reading models should also be constrained by general principles of visual processing and object recognition.

Danger and usefulness effects as a function of concept ancientness

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon Witherell ◽  
Lee H. Wurm ◽  
Sean R. Seaman ◽  
Nikki A. Brugnone ◽  
Evan T. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Participant Gender ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Auditory Performance ◽  
Perceptual Systems

Danger and Usefulness affect word recognition (e.g., Wurm & Vakoch, 2000), and a related construct affects memory (e.g., Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). We tested hypotheses about differential effects of these dimensions, based on the relevance of concepts relative to the time perceptual systems underwent selection pressures. In two experiments participants made auditory and visual lexical decisions for nouns rated on Danger, Usefulness, and “Ancientness.” Danger interacted with Ancientness in both auditory and visual processing. Increasing Danger led to faster RTs and better accuracy only for words judged to have ancient relevance. Interactions with participant gender were seen in both auditory and visual analyses. Consistent with Wurm, Whitman, Seaman, Hill, and Ulstad (2007), men’s but not women’s auditory performance improved with increasing Danger. The beneficial effect of Usefulness on accuracy was greater for women than for men in both experiments. Danger and Usefulness effects seem to reflect a general principle underlying human cognition.

Vision, development, and bilingualism are fundamental in the quest for a universal model of visual word recognition and reading

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 300-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Pitchford ◽  
Walter J. B. van Heuven ◽  
Andrew N. Kelly ◽  
Taoli Zhang ◽  
Timothy Ledgeway
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
Vision Development ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Made In

AbstractWe agree with many of the principles proposed by Frost but highlight crucial caveats and report research findings that challenge several assertions made in the target article. We discuss the roles that visual processing, development, and bilingualism play in visual word recognition and reading. These are overlooked in all current models, but are fundamental to any universal model of reading.

scholarly journals Is there magnocellular facilitation of early neural processes underlying visual word recognition? Evidence from masked repetition priming with ERPs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Wai Leung Wong ◽  
Chun-Yu Tse ◽  
Werner Sommer ◽  
Olaf Dimigen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Versus Color

An influential theory in the field of visual object recognition proposes that fast magnocellular (M) information facilitates neural processing of spatially more fine-grained but slower parvocellular (P) information. While written words can be considered as a special type of visual objects, it is unknown whether magnocellular facilitation also plays a role in reading. We used a masked priming paradigm that has been shown to result in neural facilitation in visual word processing and tested whether these facilitating effects are mediated by the magnocellular system. In two experiments, we manipulated the influence of magnocellular and parvocellular systems on visual processing of a contextually predictable target character by contrasting high versus low spatial frequency and luminance versus color contrast, respectively. In addition, unchanged (normal) primes were included in both experiments as a manipulation check. As expected, unchanged primes elicited typical repetition effects in the N1, N250 and P3 components of the ERP in both experiments. In the experiment manipulating spatial contrast, we obtained repetition effects only for the N1 component for both M- and P-biased primes. In the luminance versus color contrast experiment, repetition effects were found in N1 and N250 for both M- and P- biased primes. Furthermore, no interactions were found between M- vs. P-biased prime types and repetition. Together these results indicate that M- and P- information contributes jointly to early neural processes underlying visual word recognition.

Interactions of stimulus quality and semantic context on N400 in visual word recognition

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Min Xie ◽  
Youguo Chen ◽  
Rongmin Xiong ◽  
Change Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Target Character ◽  
Cascaded Model ◽  
Target Probe

Abstract The joint effects of stimulus quality and semantic context in visual word recognition were examined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings. In one-character Chinese word recognition, we manipulated stimulus quality at two degradation levels (highly vs. slightly degraded) and semantic context at two priming levels (semantically related vs. unrelated). In a prime–target–probe trial flow, ERPs were recorded to the target character which was presented in either high or slight degradation and which was preceded by either a semantically related or unrelated prime character. The target character was then followed by a probe character which was either identical to or different from the target character. Subjects were instructed to make target–probe matching judgments. The ERP results demonstrated a degradation by priming interaction, with larger N400 semantic priming effects for slightly degraded targets. Moreover, the degradation effects were observed on the P200, N250, and N400. These findings provided evidence for the cascaded model of visual word recognition such that the visual processing cascaded into the semantic stage and thus interacted on the N400 amplitude. The results were compared to an earlier study with a null ERP degradation by priming interaction. The ramifications of these results for models of visual word recognition are discussed.

CURSIVE WORD RECOGNITION BASED ON INTERACTIVE ACTIVATION AND EARLY VISUAL PROCESSING MODELS

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE RUIZ-PINALES ◽  
RENE JAIME-RIVAS ◽  
ERIC LECOLINET ◽  
MARIA JOSE CASTRO-BLEDA
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Letter Position ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Position Uncertainty ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Interactive Activation

We present an off-line cursive word recognition system based completely on neural networks: reading models and models of early visual processing. The first stage (normalization) preprocesses the input image in order to reduce letter position uncertainty; the second stage (feature extraction) is based on the feedforward model of orientation selectivity; the third stage (letter pre-recognition) is based on a convolutional neural network, and the last stage (word recognition) is based on the interactive activation model.

scholarly journals An Orthographic Prediction Error as the basis for efficient Visual Word Recognition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gagl ◽  
Jona Sassenhagen ◽  
Sophia Haan ◽  
Klara Gregorova ◽  
Fabio Richlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Orthographic Knowledge ◽  
Reading Processes ◽  
Neural Computations

AbstractMost current models assume that the perceptual and cognitive processes of visual word recognition and reading operate upon neuronally coded domain-general low-level visual representations – typically oriented line representations. We here demonstrate, consistent with neurophysiological theories of Bayesian-like predictive neural computations, that prior visual knowledge of words may be utilized to ‘explain away’ redundant and highly expected parts of the visual percept. Subsequent processing stages, accordingly, operate upon an optimized representation of the visual input, the orthographic prediction error, highlighting only the visual information relevant for word identification. We show that this optimized representation is related to orthographic word characteristics, accounts for word recognition behavior, and is processed early in the visual processing stream, i.e., in V4 and before 200 ms after word-onset. Based on these findings, we propose that prior visual-orthographic knowledge is used to optimize the representation of visually presented words, which in turn allows for highly efficient reading processes.

Effects of Phonological Decoding Training on Children's Word Recognition of CVC, CV, and VC Structures

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyatta O. Rivers ◽  
Linda J. Lombardino ◽  
Cynthia K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Multiple Baseline Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Phonological Decoding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Letter Sound

The effects of training in letter-sound correspondences and phonemic decoding (segmenting and blending skills) on three kindergartners' word recognition abilities were examined using a single-subject multiple-baseline design across behaviors and subjects. Whereas CVC pseudowords were trained, generalization to untrained CVC pseudowords, untrained CVC real words, untrained CV and VC pseudowords, and untrained CV and VC real words were assessed. Generalization occurred to all of the untrained constructions for two of the three subjects. The third subject did not show the same degree of generalization to VC pseudowords and real words; however, after three training sessions, this subject read all VC constructions with 100% accuracy. Findings are consistent with group training studies that have shown the benefits of decoding training on word recognition and spelling skills and with studies that have demonstrated the effects of generalization to less complex structures when more complex structures are trained.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document