Key questions for policy makers

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-106
Keyword(s):  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Questions

scholarly journals Book Review: The Routledge International Handbook of Philosophy for Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Gatley
Keyword(s):  
School Leaders ◽  
Philosophy For Children ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Field School ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Critical Perspectives

The Routledge international handbook of philosophy for children offers ‘a wide variety of critical perspectives on this diverse and controversial field, in order to generate new discussions and to identify emerging questions and themes’ (xxi). As a collection of scholarly papers on Philosophy for Children (P4C), the volume is a thorough and detailed handbook which highlights the distance P4C has travelled since its inception 50 years ago. Several uses of this volume spring to mind. Somebody new to P4C would do well to read the concise introduction which covers the history and thematic strands which shape P4C. Experienced practitioners or researchers could use the handbook to explore new directions and ideas in the field. School leaders and policy makers could refer to the section headings to identify uses of P4C that would pertain to their particular situations. The editors have identified a fairly definitive list of key questions for P4C; while the papers do not form a cohesive whole, they do function as a useful handbook to give readers a taste of some of the answers currently available to these questions. 

scholarly journals Challenges to establish new medical technologies, that are not yet contractually stipulated with the insurers, into the daily medical routine

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Seger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

Advances in medical care are to a large extent brought forward by new medical technologies. Their implementation into daily medical routine requires a careful handling to be of rational use for individual patients and to avoid harm as well. For this responsible task critical key questions are listed for the deciding  medical doctor treating an individual patient, for a  conclusive scientific evaluation and as a decision support for insurers and policy makers to assess the economic potentials and regulatory challenges of new medical technologies and innovations.

scholarly journals Making sense of the lack of evidence discourse, power and knowledge in the field of sport for development

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Adams ◽  
Kevin Harris
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Sport For Development ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Way

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the power dynamics and vested interest groups that shape the lack of evidence discourse, which is critical of the way evidence is produced within and for the sport for development (SFD) field. This examination recognises that an understanding of the dominant neoliberal context within which SFD is located is critical. Design/methodology/approach – Using a Foucauldian conceptual framework, power, knowledge and discourse relating to political actors in SFD – funders, policy makers, academics and sport development practitioners (SDPs) – are assessed. This paper addresses two key questions: How is the lack of evidence discourse constructed, and what is its impact? And whose interests are served in the interpretation, generation and reporting of evidence? Findings – This paper concludes that although in a Foucauldian sense power surrounding evidence is everywhere, the neo liberal context, which situates SFD, favours the privileging of evidence discourses associated with and derived from funding organisations, political and academic interest groups to the detriment of evidence discourses associated with SDPs. Clearly then there is a major tension concerning knowledge transfer, power and process, and the way that evidence can be used to inform practice. Originality/value – The paper attempts to highlight the power dynamics influencing the way evidence is produced within SFD and that much is needed to move the field forward in a more united approach for what counts as evidence for all political actors.

scholarly journals Conceptualising the Commercial Determinants of Health Using a Power Lens: A Review and Synthesis of Existing Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wood ◽  
Phillip Baker ◽  
Gary Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Set ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Key Questions

Background: There is increasing recognition that power imbalances that favour corporations, especially those active in unhealthy commodity industries, over other actors are central to the ways in which corporations influence population health. However, existing frameworks for analysing corporate strategies and practices that impact on health do not incorporate concepts of power in consistent ways. This paper aimed to review the ways in which corporate power has been incorporated into such frameworks, and to propose a revised framing of the commercial determinants of health (CDoH) that makes concepts of power explicit. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of frameworks that identify corporate strategies and practices and explain how these influence population health. Content analysis was conducted to identify explicit references to different qualities of power – its origins, nature, and manifestations. Results: Twenty-two frameworks were identified, five of which used theories of power. A wide range of contexts that shape, and are shaped by corporate power were discussed, as were a diversity of corporate, social and ecological outcomes. A variety of material and ideational sources of power was also covered. We proposed an integrated ‘Corporate Power and Health’ framework to inform analysis of the CDoH, organised around key questions on power set out by Foucault. The proposed framework draws from a number of well-established corporate power theories and synthesises key features of existing CDoH frameworks. Conclusion: Public health advocates, researchers and policy-makers would likely be better placed to understand and address the CDoH by engaging with theories of power to a greater extent, and by explicitly incorporating concepts of corporate power in analyses of how the deployment of corporate strategies and practices influence population health.

A New World of Communications in Higher Education and Its Implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-203
Author(s):  
Liam Phelan ◽  
Antony Drew ◽  
Andrew Yardy
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Determinism ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Access And Equity ◽  
Research Scholarship ◽  
Key Questions

This chapter explores the implications of rapid, seemingly continuous change in information and communications technologies (ICTs) for HE institutions and their education missions. The chapter begins by touching on long-standing debates around technological and social determinism, and technological optimism and pessimism, before exploring ways in which ICTs are deeply and increasingly tightly woven into HE institutions and practices. The review is centred on a series of overlapping and intersecting key questions, including (i) the influence of ICTs on educational access and equity, (ii) the opportunities and limitations of autopedagogy, (iii) tightly intertwined technical, pedagogical, and industrial matters, (iv) the evolving role of ICTs in surveillance, support, safety, and pedagogy, and (v) the potential for ICTs to accelerate the push for open access to research scholarship and data. The chapter will be of interest to scholars, policy makers, and practitioners with interests at the intersection of HE and ICTs.

Time for a Change: A Review of Fostering Now and other Programmes of Research on Children in Need

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Little
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Children's Services ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Children’S Services ◽  
Key Questions

Fostering Now (Sinclair, 2005) is one of the most important books on foster care in recent years. It presents new information and is part of a series of publications on children's services designed to convey research messages to policy makers and practitioners. However, Michael Little argues that if key questions are to be answered and effective services developed, different types of research and new methods of dissemination are needed.

scholarly journals Can a COVID-19 vaccination program guarantee the return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Yu ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Valentina Marziano ◽  
Xiaowei Deng ◽  
Giorgio Guzzetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract COVID-19 vaccination programs have been initiated in several countries to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission and return to a pre-pandemic lifestyle. However, understanding when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be lifted as vaccination builds up and how to update priority groups for vaccination in real-time remain key questions for policy makers. To address these questions, we built a data-driven model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for China. We estimated that, to prevent local outbreaks to escalate to major widespread epidemics, stringent NPIs need to remain in place at least one year after the start of vaccination. Should NPIs be capable to keep the reproduction number (Rt) around 1.3, a vaccination program could reduce up to 99% of COVID-19 burden and bring Rt below the epidemic threshold in about 9 months. Maintaining strict NPIs throughout 2021 is of paramount importance to reduce COVID-19 burden while vaccines are distributed to the population, especially in large populations with little natural immunity.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

Accent Modification for Speakers With Indian Accents: Speech Characteristics and an Assessment Framework

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Accent Modification ◽  
Key Questions

In this paper, I present accent-related variations unique to Asian-Indian speakers of English in the United States and identify specific speech and language features that contribute to an “Indian accent.” I present a model to answer some key questions related to assessment of Indian accents and help set a strong foundation for accent modification services.

Suicide on the Indian Subcontinent

Crisis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Causative Factors

Summary: The Indian subcontinent comprises eight countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bhutan, and the Maldives) and a collective population of more than 1.3 billion people. 10% of the world's suicides (more than 100,000 people) take place in just three of these countries, viz. India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. There is very little information on suicides from the other four countries. Some differences from suicides in Western countries include the high use of organophosphate insecticides, larger numbers of married women, fewer elderly subjects, and interpersonal relationship problems and life events as important causative factors. There is need for more and better information regarding suicide in the countries of the Indian subcontinent. In particular, studies must address culture-specific risk factors associated with suicide in these countries. The prevention of this important public health problem in an area of the world with myriad socio-economic problems, meager resources, and stigmatization of mental illness poses a formidable challenge to mental health professionals, policy makers, and governments of these countries.

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