A large share of employment and value added come from small and medium firms

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Medium Firms

Chinese Services Gaining Significance in Global Production Chains

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Heli Simola
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Foreign Production ◽  
International Production ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production

China has been a key participant in international fragmentation of production during the last decades. China has specialized mainly in labor-intensive manufacturing, but is striving to shift toward higher value-added production stages and production. At the same time, during recent decades, services have contributed increasing shares of valued-added to products produced through global production chains. For this reason we examine the evolving role of Chinese services in international production chains. Our results suggest that Chinese services account for an increasingly large share of production for the domestic market, and more recently have made increasing contributions to foreign production chains, which suggests that Chinese production is shifting to activities in production chains that are associated with higher value-added.

scholarly journals Regional trade and economic cooperation along the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
P V Osodoev
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract We analysed the characteristics of foreign trade for the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor’ regions. We also examined the commodity and geographic structure of exports and imports of the Economic Corridor regions: the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Mongolia, and the Baikal region of Russia. A large share of Russian and Mongolian exports is made up of raw materials, such as minerals, metals and their low value-added products. Products of the chemical industry, ferrous metals and their products prevail in the commodity structure of the export of Inner Mongolia. The priority in cooperation of these regions is to upgrade transport and cross-border infrastructure to increase transit potential in freight transportation along the planned China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. Through the Economic Corridor project, these regions can significantly strengthen foreign economic cooperation.

scholarly journals Value Added Tax Efficiency in the Western Balkan Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Large Share ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Consumption Taxes

An important feature of the tax systems of the Western Balkan countries is the large share of consumption taxes in total tax revenue. Despite its relatively short existence, VAT in particular has proven to be an important fiscal tool, due to its many advantages. The aim of the article is to outline the main developments in VAT in these countries in the past two decades and to analyse its efficiency. The main result of the article is that the tax has good overall revenue performance in the Western Balkans, as measured with the C-efficiency ratio.

scholarly journals The Sources of Capital Misallocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 2531-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. David ◽  
Venky Venkateswaran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Informational Frictions ◽  
Capital Misallocation ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Sources Of Capital

We develop a methodology to disentangle sources of capital “mis-allocation,” i.e., dispersion in value-added/capital. It measures the contributions of technological/informational frictions and a rich class of firm-specific factors. An application to Chinese manufacturing firms reveals that adjustment costs and uncertainty, while significant, explain only a modest fraction of the dispersion, which stems largely from other factors: a component correlated with productivity and a fixed effect. Adjustment costs are more salient for large US firms, though other factors still account for the bulk of the dispersion. Technological/markup heterogeneity explains a limited fraction in China, but a potentially large share in the United States. (JEL D22, D24, D25, E22, G31, L60, O11, O14, O47, P31)

Wirtschaftlicher Strukturwandel in der Region Stuttgart

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Gaebe
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The Eu

Economic structural change in the Stuttgart region. The Stuttgart region is one of the most highly developed regions in the EU. Growth rates, competitiveness and purchasing power are far more dependent than in other regions of the EU on the basic and export activities of the industrial sector, especially on the region’s closeley knit cluster of activities around the automobile industry. However, Baden-Württemberg’s economically strongest region is no longer the fastest growing one. Economy and population are certainly continuing to grow but structural weaknesses are evident in the below average growth of value added in both the producing and services sectors. These weaknesses are also evident in the labour market despite the relatively low rate of unemployment and the difficulties associated with finding new growth areas. in contrast to the industrial sector with its outstanding national and and international companies, there is a lack of basic and export activities in the services sector in the Stuttgart region. The polarised structure of employment, a large share of highly qualified employees and, at the Same time, a large share of those with few skills can be explained by the economic structure which is atypical for urban regions of highly developed countries. Because of the structural weaknesses and the strong interregional competition, development of the region and improvement in the research and education infrastructure have priority as fields for policy action.

Socio-demographic influences on language structure and change: Not all learners are the same

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Bergmann ◽  
Rick Dale ◽  
Gary Lupyan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Language Structure

AbstractThe Now-or-Never bottleneck has important consequence for understanding why languages have the structures they do. However, not addressed by C&C is that the bottleneck may interact with who is doing the learning: While some languages are mostly learned by infants, others have a large share of adult learners. We argue that such socio-demographic differences extend and qualify C&C's thesis.

Sustainable 2,5-furandicarboxylic synthesis by a direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (88) ◽  
pp. 13611-13614
Author(s):  
Jialu Wang ◽  
Xian Zhang ◽  
Guozhong Wang ◽  
Yunxia Zhang ◽  
Haimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
New Type

A new type of direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx/CB catalyst not only transformed chemical energy into electric energy but also converted HMF into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA).

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