Changes in the probability that a skill group belongs to a given income class

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Class ◽  
Skill Group

Migrant Taxes and International Migration Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saibal Kar
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Skill Group ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Symmetric Information ◽  
Regressive Tax

This article investigates the effect of ‘migration taxes’ on the migration pattern for skill types under asymmetric information in cross-border labour markets. In the presence of migration taxes, the top skill group migrating under complete asymmetric information may not be lower than that under symmetric information. We also establish that for the revenue maximizing tax authority, the regressive tax structure across skill types Pareto dominates all other schemes.

Implementing Cognitive Training Into a Surgical Skill Course: A Pilot Study on Laparoscopic Suturing and Knot Tying

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin De Witte ◽  
Franck Di Rienzo ◽  
Xavier Martin ◽  
Ye Haixia ◽  
Christian Collet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Skill ◽  
Knot Tying ◽  
Laparoscopic Suturing ◽  
Skill Group

Mini-invasive surgery—for example, laparoscopy—has challenged surgeons’ skills by extending their usual haptic space and displaying indirect visual feedback through a screen. This may require new mental abilities, including spatial orientation and mental representation. This study aimed to test the effect of cognitive training based on motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) on surgical skills. A total of 28 postgraduate residents in surgery took part in our study and were randomly distributed into 1 of the 3 following groups: (1) the basic surgical skill, which is a short 2-day laparoscopic course + MI + AO group; (2) the basic surgical skill group; and (3) the control group. The MI + AO group underwent additional cognitive training, whereas the basic surgical skill group performed neutral activity during the same time. The laparoscopic suturing and knot tying performance as well as spatial ability and mental workload were assessed before and after the training period. We did not observe an effect of cognitive training on the laparoscopic performance. However, the basic surgical skill group significantly improved spatial orientation performance and rated lower mental workload, whereas the 2 others exhibited lower performance in a mental rotation test. Thus, actual and cognitive training pooled together during a short training period elicited too high a strain, thus limiting potential improvements. Because MI and AO already showed positive outcomes on surgical skills, this issue may, thus, be mitigated according to our specific learning conditions. Distributed learning may possibly better divide and share the strain associated with new surgical skills learning.

Profile, Gaming Usage and Purposes of Gaming of Internet Café Users in Manila

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Ana Clariza Natanauan ◽  
Jenmart Bonifacio ◽  
Mikael Manuel ◽  
Rex Bringula ◽  
John Benedic Enriquez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Class ◽  
College Degrees ◽  
Strategy Games

This descriptive-exploratory study attempted to give the readers a portrait of cyber café gamers in Manila. It determined the profile of gamers, their gaming usage, and their purposes of cyber café gaming. Descriptive statistics revealed that most of the respondents were Manila settlers, students, pursuing or had obtained college degrees, male, young, Roman Catholic, single, belonged to middle-income class, and played games in cyber cafés in the afternoon once to twice a week. One-way chi-square showed that frequency of gaming was not equally distributed in a week and gamers showed tendency to play games in a cyber in a particular time of the day. Real-time strategy games were the most frequently played games in cyber cafés. To recreate, to relieve boredom, and to have fun were the top three reasons in playing games in cyber cafés. Conclusions and directions for future research were also presented.

Impact of Market-Rate Residential Parking Permit Fees on Low-Income Households

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 644-654
Author(s):  
Alex Okashita ◽  
Richard Willson
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Income Class ◽  
Consumer Expenditure Survey ◽  
Market Rate ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Residential Parking ◽  
Low Income Households

On-street parking is a poorly-managed public asset. In dense neighborhoods, this results in difficult space searches, neighborhood conflict, and opposition to housing development. Market-rate residential parking permit systems are a logical solution because they manage demand. However, these programs are regressive for low-income residents who buy a permit because the permit fee is a larger percentage of their income than for higher-income groups. This paper reports on a simulation of the burden of a market-based fee on households of different income classes using three low-income neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California. Data from the American Community Survey, Consumer Expenditure Survey, and primary parking counts are the model inputs. The outputs are measures of the increase in a household’s annual transportation expenditure, by income class, after a market-rate permit fee is implemented. The results show that market-rate programs are indeed regressive for households that purchase a permit. But because many low-income households do not have a car, do not park on-street, or pursue alternative options to buying a permit, the magnitude of the effect of income class is not as large as is often assumed. The study concludes that the regressive effect of a market-rate residential parking benefit district should not be an impediment to implementing such a scheme because low-income permit purchasers can be subsidized with permit revenue from higher-income drivers in the district, resources from higher-income parking districts, or both. Additionally, revenues can be used to support transportation modes that particularly benefit all low-income residents.

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