scholarly journals Development of Alginate Extraction Method from Seaweed Turbinaria ornata

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Laksanawati ◽  
U. Ustadi ◽  
Amir Husni
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Turbinaria Ornata ◽  
Acid Control ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Color Degree ◽  
Cacl2 Concentration ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alginate Extraction

Indonesia has a lot of high potential seaweed as a source of an alginate, but the extraction method had been used was not suitable. The aim of this research is to develop alginate extraction method from Turbinaria ornata seaweed with calcium method and compare the cost of extraction with an acid method as a control. In this research, various concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used in the separation of alginate from the extracted filtrate. The concentration of CaCl2 used varies from 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; and 1.50 M. For comparison, alginate extraction with acid (control) method was used. Alginate quality parameters observed included alginate yield, product color degree, and gel viscosity. The results showed that the yield of alginate produced by calcium method was 36.89; 44.00; 56.00; 52.89 and 53.11% and for control 22.45%. From the degree of product color, CaCl2 concentration did not significantly affect the color of alginate but was darker when compared to the product extracted by the acid method. The viscosity of alginate produced by calcium method was 27,69; 26,57; 24.50; 22.41 and 19.92 cP while for control 32.88 cP. The extraction of Na-alginate with calcium method can decrease the need for Na-alginate extraction cost by 85% from the amount of  Na-alginate extraction cost requirement by the acid method.

scholarly journals Effect of Extraction Methods on Characteristic of SodiumAlginate from Brown Seaweed Sargassum fluitans

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Ajeng Maharani ◽  
Amir Husni ◽  
Nurfitri Ekantari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Alginate Extraction

Alginate is a primary metabolite that is needed in food and non food industries. Alginate extraction<br />method of seaweed affect on viscosity and yield of the alginate. This study aimed to determine the effect of<br />extraction methods on characteristic and quality of sodium alginate Sargassum fluitans and the extraction<br />cost needed. This study used two different extraction methods which wereacid alginate method and calcium<br />alginate method. Quality parameters observed include yield, moisture content, ash content, viscosity,<br />pH, whiteness index, and functional group analysis, also extraction cost analysis. The results showed that<br />alginate extraction of S. fluitans by alginic acid method produced better sodium alginate quality than using<br />calcium alginate method, but the cost higher. Sodium alginate produced by alginic acid method had high<br />viscosity (127.17±11.50 cps) with yield 9.95±0.31%. The moisture and ash content of the product was low or<br />9.35±0.31% and 21.88±0.41%, respectively.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Integration of a Solar Parabolic Dish Collector with a Small-Scale Multi-Stage Flash Desalination Unit: Experimental Evaluation, Exergy and Economic Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11295
Author(s):  
Ali Babaeebazaz ◽  
Shiva Gorjian ◽  
Majid Amidpour
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conical Cavity ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Circulation Circuit ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Cost

In this study, a small-scale two-stage multi-stage flash (MSF) desalination unit equipped with a vacuum pump and a solar parabolic collector (PDC) with a conical cavity receiver were integrated. To eliminate the need for heat exchangers, a water circulation circuit was designed in a way that the saline feedwater could directly flow through the receiver of the PDC. The system’s performance was examined during six days in July 2020, from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., under two distinct scenarios of the MSF desalination operation under the vacuum (−10 kPa) and atmospheric pressure by considering three saline feedwater water flow rates of 0.7, 1 and 1.3 L/min. Furthermore, the performance of the solar PDC-MSF desalination plant was evaluated by conducting energy and exergy analyses. The results indicated that the intensity of solar radiation, which directly affects the top brine temperature (TBT), and the values of the saline feedwater flow rate have the most impact on productivity. The maximum productivity of 3.22 L per 5 h in a day was obtained when the temperature and saline feedwater flow rate were 94.25 °C (at the maximum solar radiation of 1015.3 W/m2) and 0.7 L/min, respectively, and the MSF was under vacuum pressure. Additionally, it was found that increasing the feedwater flow rate from 0.7 to 1.3 L/min reduces distillate production by 76.4% while applying the vacuum improves the productivity by about 34% at feedwater flow rate of 0.7 L/min. The exergy efficiency of the MSF unit was obtained as 0.07% with the highest share of exergy destruction in stages. The quality parameters of the produced distillate including pH, TDS, EC and DO were measured, ensuring they lie within the standard range for drinking water. Moreover, the cost of freshwater produced by the MSF plant varied from 37 US$/m3 to 1.5 US$/m3 when the treatment capacity increased to 8000 L/day.

Talking about the Project Cost Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4596-4599
Author(s):  
Bao Xia Cui ◽  
Aai Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
The Cost

This paper mainly analyze the cost management from basic concept, cost control method in construction and principal in cost management. The control focal point of the cost management is emphasized in every stage.

Choosing the Optimum Method of Treating the Ballast Water Onboard Ships

2013 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Acomi ◽  
Ovidiu Cristian Acomi ◽  
Alina Lucia Bostina ◽  
Aurel Bostina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ship Owner ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
The Cost

The transport of aquatic organisms from one place to another by ships ballast water has created substantial environmental impact on discharging areas. In order to avoid that, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommends treating the ballast water by different methods. The paper presents four methods of managing ballast water, accepted by the Organization: treating by filtration and irradiation with ultraviolet light, treating by de-oxygenation, treating with biocide and treating by heating. The comparative analysis of the treating technologies allows the ship-owner to choose such equipment by analyzing the advantages and the disadvantages. Considering that not only the quality parameters are important but also the cost, the study is completed by a mathematical model for calculation of unit cost for treating ballast water onboard. The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument for selecting the optimum method of ballast water treatment suitable for each type of vessel or voyage, so the ship-owners would be able to choose a treatment method comparing the costs, based on the specific requirements.

Multistage Inventory Control Research of Engineering Ships' Spare Parts

2014 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Quan Wen ◽  
Shi Dong Fan ◽  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Shou Hui He
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Inventory Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Control Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Task Types ◽  
Construction Task

This paper aims to using multistage inventory control theory to optimize traditional inventory control method, meanwhile, the spare parts supply of engineering ships are guaranteed and keep the cost in the lowest level. Moreover, in accordance with all kinds of construction task types to ensure the spare parts supply to satisfy engineering ships demand, and reduce the situation of shutdown unattended which is resulted by spare parts supply not in time.

scholarly journals Advances on molecular studies of the interaction soybean - Asian rust

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aguida Maria Alves Pereira Morales ◽  
Aluízio Borém ◽  
Michelle A Graham ◽  
Ricardo Vilela Abdelnoor
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Dominant Genes

Effective management practices are essential for controlling rust outbreaks. The main control method used is the application of fungicides, which increases substantially the cost of production and is harmful to the environment. Prevention is still the best way to avoid more significant losses in soybean yields. Alternatives, such as planting resistant varieties to the fungus, are also important. The use of resistant or tolerant varieties is the most promising method for controlling Asian soybean rust. Recently, five dominant genes resistant to soybean rust were described: Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, Rpp4 and Rpp5. However, little is known about the molecular interaction among soybean plant and soybean rust and on the molecular pathway triggered by pathogen recognition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in defense responses is of primary importance for planning strategies to control stress and, consequently, to increase plant adaptation to limiting conditions.

scholarly journals A finite set-model predictive control based on FPGA flatform for eleven-level cascaded H-Bridge inverter fed induction motor drive

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Mai Van Chung ◽  
Do Tuan Anh ◽  
Phuong Vu
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Delay Compensation ◽  
Voltage Vector ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
The Cost

Model predictive control has been considered as a powerful alternative control method in power converters and electrical drives recently. This paper proposes a novel method for finite control set predictive control algorithm foran induction motor fed by 11-level cascaded H-Bridge converter. To deal with the high computation volume of MPC algorithm applied for CHBconverter, 7-adjacent vectors method is applied for calculating the desired voltage vector which minimizes the cost function. Moreover, by utilizingfield programmable gate array (FPGA) platform with its flexible structure,the total execution time reduces considerably so that the selected voltage vector can be applied immediately without delay compensation. This method improves the dynamic responses and steady-state performance of the system. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness of control design

scholarly journals Influence of Harvesting Date on Chemical Maturity for Processing Quality of Potatoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
M Sharkar ◽  
JU Ahmed ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
M Mohi-Ud-Din
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chip Color ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Quality Potato ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potato Products

The present study was conducted to find out a suitable harvesting date of processing potato varieties (Asterix, Courage and Lady Rosetta) from three different harvest dates [80, 90, and 100 days after planting (DAP) harvest] by chemical maturity monitoring. Eighty DAP harvest resulted the lowest mean total soluble sugar (TSS) (3.77 mg/g FW), reducing sugar (RS) (1.57 mg/g FW), sucrose (2.40 mg g-1 FW), fructose (0.77 mg/g FW) and polyphenol (238.94 μg/g FW) contents in all the varieties and at the same DAP harvest, dry matter (DM) content (21.71%) and chip color index (CCI) (0.67) remained at the lowest. Tubers harvested at 80 DAP produced good quality and acceptable colored processed products as it meets up the required processing quality, but lesser DM content might increase the cost of the product. Optimum DM content (24.07%) with moderate level of different sugar contents and acceptable CCI (1.13 to 1.85, <2.00) was found at 90 DAP harvest. Therefore, 90 DAP harvest could be considered as suitable harvesting date for processing by compromising some quality parameters (TSS, RS, sucrose, fructose and polyphenol contents). Among the varieties, Lady Rosetta and Courage were preferable for producing quality potato products. Highly significant and positive correlation existed between CCI and different chemical parameters. A strong correlation coefficient (r = 0.822**) and good fit (R2 = 0.6755) of the regression equation (CCI = 0.9341RS – 0.4969) between CCI and RS indicated that RS content played the vital role in the browning of the processed potato products. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 89-103

scholarly journals Acid and calcium alginate extraction method affected the quality of alginate from brown seaweed Sargasum hystrix J. Agardh

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Ivana M. Diharningrum ◽  
Amir Husni
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Alginate Extraction

Seaweed is one of the marine biological resources of Indonesia that has a high potential to produce alginate, however, the most appropiate method to extract the alginate of high quality is still unknown. This study was aimed to determine the effects of extraction methods on the quality of alginate from seaweed Sargassum hystrix and compared the extraction cost. Two extraction methods were used in this study including acidic and calcium method. The yield, moisture content, viscosity, pH, whiteness degree, functional group, ash content and extraction cost were evaluated. The viscosity and whiteness degree of sodium alginate from acidic method was 126.00±7.21 cPs and 75.27±0.58 cPs, respectively. Meanwhile the calcium method produced sodium alginate with viscosity 7.23±1.50 cPs and whiteness degree 68.95±0.18 cPs. The yield, moisture content, and ash content of alginate produced by acidic method were lower compare to that of produced by calcium method. Cost analysis showed the acidic method required higher cost. Nevertheless, these resultssuggest that acidic method produce alginate with better quality than the calcium method.

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