scholarly journals Feasibility of Solid Waste Tuna Loin of Yellowfin Thunnus albacares Raw Materials for The Product Diversification

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayan Kantun Kantun ◽  
Andi Adam Malik ◽  
Harianti Harianti
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Processed Form

<p>Indonesia is one country in the world exporters of tuna in the form of fresh, frozen and<br />processed. Tuna exported in processed form large enough to leave waste for exporting companies.<br />The purpose of this study was to determine a feasibility study on solid waste exported tuna loin for<br />raw material diversification. This research was conducted in Majene Makassar Strait. The study was<br />conducted using descriptive exploratory method by taking a sample of 3 times and each sample<br />was tested 3 times resulting in 9 times of testing for each of the observed variables. Chemical test<br />which includes moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, and histamine. Microbiological test that<br />is E. coli, Salmonella and the total number of bacteria. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative<br />and quantitative display via Tables, Graphics and Image in the form of average value. The results<br />showed that the chemical solid waste tuna loin has a water content ranged from 78.34 to 78.78%,<br />protein content ranged from 14.32 to 16.41%, fat ranged from 1.56 to 1.66%, ash content ranged<br />from 5.18 to 5. 58%, carbohydrate content ranged from 1.29 to 1.34%, and histamine ranged from<br />2.08 to 3.21 mg / kg. Solid waste microbiologically tuna loin contains E.coli range from 1.2 to 1.9<br />(&lt;2), Salmonella negative and TPC ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 x 105 kol/g. The results of chemical and<br />microbiological testing showed solid waste tuna loin still suitable as raw material diversification<br />products.</p>

Sustainable Construction Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 658-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Ralegaonkar ◽  
M. V. Madurwar ◽  
V. V. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
City Development ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
By Products

Due to ever increasing demand for the conventional construction materials as well as an increase in agro-industrial by-products it is essential to reuse these materials. As a smart city solution this chapter briefs an overview for the application of alternate raw materials as a principal source for the development of sustainable construction materials. The potential application of the discussed raw materials is elaborated as cementitious material, the aggregates as well as alternative reinforcement material. To understand the process of application, sustainable masonry product development is discussed in detail. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the raw material, the necessary physico-chemical test evaluation methods are also briefed. The developed end product performance evaluation is also discussed by desired tests as recommended by standards. The chapter concludes with a positive note that reuse of agro-industrial by-products is a feasible solution for the smart city development.

scholarly journals Quantitative content of flavonoids in plant samples from the Crimean population of oregano (Origanum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
A.V. Mishnev ◽  
E.F. Myagkikh ◽  
I.V. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content

The aim of the research was to analyze the quantitative content of flavonoids in raw oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) from indigenous flora from different geographical locations of the Crimean peninsula. The objectives of the research included: the selection of promising samples for breeding, conclusion on the potential use of raw materials collected from regional indigenous populations for medical purposes. It was found that the raw oregano material in most cases did not conform to the requirements of the pharmacopoeial monograph RF XIV in terms of the total flavonoids content equivalent to luteolin and can not be recommended for use as an official raw material. The total content of flavonoids in herbal raw materials varied from 0.40 to 1.05% with an average value of 0.69%. Only three of the tested samples exceeded the threshold of 0.80%, with 0.81–1.05% value, one sample had this index at the level of the lower threshold, 0.80%. No high-flavonoid samples that would be valuable as donors of this trait for breeding varieties of medicinal direction have been identified. The conclusion was made that it is advisable to grow high-flavonoid varieties specially created for this purpose instead of collecting oregano herbal materials in their natural habitat.

Sustainable Construction Materials

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
R. V. Ralegaonkar ◽  
M. V. Madurwar ◽  
V. V. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
City Development ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
By Products

Due to ever increasing demand for the conventional construction materials as well as an increase in agro-industrial by-products it is essential to reuse these materials. As a smart city solution this chapter briefs an overview for the application of alternate raw materials as a principal source for the development of sustainable construction materials. The potential application of the discussed raw materials is elaborated as cementitious material, the aggregates as well as alternative reinforcement material. To understand the process of application, sustainable masonry product development is discussed in detail. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the raw material, the necessary physico-chemical test evaluation methods are also briefed. The developed end product performance evaluation is also discussed by desired tests as recommended by standards. The chapter concludes with a positive note that reuse of agro-industrial by-products is a feasible solution for the smart city development.

scholarly journals Valuation of Economic Utilization of Fish Processing Waste Patin (Pangasius Hypopthalmus) as an Added Value for Fish Processing Industry Players in the District Kampar, Riau

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnis ◽  
Syahrul ◽  
Fitri ◽  
Mardayulis
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Food And Feed

At this time there is no productive enterprise specializing in the utilization of solid waste from the processing of catfish into industrial raw materials of food and fish feed. Chances are this is due to the unavailability of data and information adequate technical and economical. In order to meet the needs that the research was conducted. This study aimed to analyze the economic valuation of the utilization of industrial solid waste processing of catfish, the raw material of functional food and feed that meet the quality standards in accordance with the National Standards Indonnesia (SNI) as well as to determine on whether viable or not the establishment of the business of processing food and feed of waste solid results catfish processing household or industrial scale. This research was a laboratory scale experiments using technology that has undergone several modifications. The results showed that the technology is able to produce industrial raw materials in the form of Fish Protein Concentrate (KPI), fish oil, bone powder and pyloric caeca crude enzyme in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard. Judging from the environmental impact assessment and business analysis (Gross Benefit Cost Ratio = 1.15&gt; 1), amounting to 2,607 Profitabilty Ratio&gt; 1, and an IRR of 65.91&gt; 18%, then the utilization of solid waste business establishment catfish processing household scale feasible.

scholarly journals High Performance of Enzymatic Bioprocess for Production of Biomassed-based Bioethanol of Sago Palm Fiber Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Nani Harihastuti ◽  
Rame Rame ◽  
Silvy Djayanti
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Sago Palm

Biomass waste in the form of fiber dregs contains many components of lignocellulose and hemicellulose. Lignocellulose can be used to produce ethanol through enzymatic biotechnology processes. Sago palm fiber industry is one potential industry producing biomass waste in the form of solid waste of fiber dregs (about 30% from the weight of processed raw materials). Solid fiber waste contains crude fiber and lignocellulose compound consists of cellulose (35-50%), hemicellulose ( 20-35%) and lignin (12-20%). This study aimed to utilize solid waste of sago palm fiber as a raw material of bioethanol production through enzymatic biotechnology processes of delignification, saccharification and fermentation which was then purified by distillation process to get ethanol. Delignification,  saccharification, and fermentation stages are conducted using Phanerochaete chrysosporus Mushroom, Trichoderma viride fungus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively and then purified by distillation process (one level) to produce ethanol. The process of saccharification and fermentation process were done in an integrated manner (addition of Trichoderma viride and yeast saccharomyces cereviceae fungi done simultaneously). The weight of raw materials of solid waste fiber treated was about 6 kgs. Alcohol content obtained was about ± 4% (distillation). No water, air, and soil pollution inflicted, more added value, and sustainable were the main benefits of biotech process or bioprocess.

scholarly journals Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points in Handling Frozen Tuna Steak (Case Study at PT. Awindo International, Jakarta, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nurwintha Esthi Rahayu ◽  
Rusky Intan Pratama ◽  
Iwang Gumilar ◽  
Iis Rostini
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Microbiological Test ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Critical Control Points

This research aims to analyze the hazard and determine critical control points in the process of handling frozen tuna steak at PT. Awindo International located in Muara Baru, North Jakarta. The research was conducted at PT. Awindo International from March to April 2021. The research was conducted using the case study method. The research procedure includes observation of the handling process flow, analysis of potential hazards, identification of critical control points, organoleptic, microbiological and chemical testing. The data obtained from the study were analyzed descriptively. Hazards that have the potential to occur in the process of handling frozen tuna steak are biological, physical and chemical hazards. The results of the hazard analysis obtained critical control points at the stage of receiving raw materials and metal inspection. The results of the organoleptic test of raw materials as a whole have a good value and are in accordance with company standards and Indonesian national standards (SNI), so that they can proceed to the production stage. The results of the microbiological test showed that complied with the standards, namely Salmonella sp. negative, Vibrio cholerae negative, Escherichia coli <1.8 MPN/g, Coliform <1.8 MPN/g, ALT 12 x 103 colonies/g. The results of the chemical test showed good results with the value of the chemical content that complied with the standards, namely histamine 2.92 mg/kg, mercury 0.05 mg/kg, negative lead, and cadmium 0.019 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Hayami method application: A value-added analysis of rice crackers industry in ex-residency of Madiun

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
M T Sundari ◽  
Setyowati ◽  
R K Adi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Working Hour ◽  
Rice Processing

Abstract This study aimed to determine the value-added of rice processing into rice crackers in the Ex-Residency of Madiun, East Java. Three areas (Ponorogo Regency, Magetan Regency, and Madiun City) well-known as rice crackers producers were chosen as the locations. The sample in this study was selected purposively. The result shows that the average value-added per raw material was Rp 2,210.57/kg with an average of 946.67 kg/month for raw material used. Using the Hayami method, the average value-added was Rp 14,206.33 per working hour. Rice crackers SMEs are advised to continue to improve efficiency, especially in terms of cost and the use of raw materials to further increase the value-added.

scholarly journals Municipal solid waste (MSW) - competitive raw materials for combustible materials obtaining

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Agnes Serbanescu ◽  
◽  
Mona Barbu ◽  
Ionut Cristea ◽  
Lidia Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Raw Material ◽  
Combustible Materials

Waste-to-energy projects can be classified as a complementary technology for energy recovery from nonrecyclable municipal waste fractions and should therefore not compete with measures to reduce, reuse, and recycle materials. The article presents the characterization of some treated municipal solid wastes as competitive raw materials for combustible materials obtaining. Samples with lignocellulosic and polymeric composition were analyzed, namely 3 samples of SRFs (solid recovered fuels) used as secondary raw material in cement plants, SRF1, SRF2, SRF3; a sample of RDF, consisting of household waste; a sample of fluff (a homogeneous mixture of non-hazardous waste - selected, mechanically treated and dried) used as a secondary raw material in cement plants; 4 samples of municipal solid waste, fractions smaller than 100 mm, after a bio-drying process, with composition: paper and cardboard (70-80%), wood (6-15%), plastic (6-10%), glass and metal (3-14%), MBU1, MBU2, MBU3, MBU4. The waste samples were characterized in terms of technical and elementary characteristics and the ash (obtained by the sample incineration) behavior in the combustion process. The mineral matter was investigated by the X-ray fluorescence analytical technique using the Rigaku CG X-ray Spectrofluorimeter. The analysis of the indices used for the slagging and deposit formation risks evaluation shows that the analyzed samples present an obvious risk of melt formation and deposits, due to a high content of base oxides and silicon oxide.

scholarly journals Waste Reutilization in Polymeric Membrane Fabrication: A New Direction in Membranes for Separation

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Pei Sean Goh ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽  
Takeshi Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Separation Membrane

In parallel to the rapid growth in economic and social activities, there has been an undesirable increase in environmental degradation due to the massively produced and disposed waste. The need to manage waste in a more innovative manner has become an urgent matter. In response to the call for circular economy, some solid wastes can offer plenty of opportunities to be reutilized as raw materials for the fabrication of functional, high-value products. In the context of solid waste-derived polymeric membrane development, this strategy can pave a way to reduce the consumption of conventional feedstock for the production of synthetic polymers and simultaneously to dampen the negative environmental impacts resulting from the improper management of these solid wastes. The review aims to offer a platform for overviewing the potentials of reutilizing solid waste in liquid separation membrane fabrication by covering the important aspects, including waste pretreatment and raw material extraction, membrane fabrication and characterizations, as well as the separation performance evaluation of the resultant membranes. Three major types of waste-derived polymeric raw materials, namely keratin, cellulose, and plastics, are discussed based on the waste origins, limitations in the waste processing, and their conversion into polymeric membranes. With the promising material properties and viability of processing facilities, recycling and reutilization of waste resources for membrane fabrication are deemed to be a promising strategy that can bring about huge benefits in multiple ways, especially to make a step closer to sustainable and green membrane production.

scholarly journals Improving the recipe and technology of wheat bread with apple pomace

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
A. E. Kovaleva ◽  
E. A. Pyanikova ◽  
E. D. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Buckwheat Flour ◽  
Material Powder

The effect of apple raw material (powder from apple pomace and frozen apple pomace) on the duration of individual operations of the technological process of the straight method of wheat bread production, such as the kneading duration, the number of punchings, the duration of the dough fermentation and dough pieces proofing, was investigated in the work. As studies showed, when using secondary apple raw materials in wheat bread production, the amount of yeast must be increased to 3-4%, compared to 1-2% introduced to the control sample. When kneading the dough, apple pomace powder is mixed with dry ingredients according to the developed recipes. When preparing the dough, freshly frozen apple pomace must first be soaked in a mixture of vegetable oil and warm water (water temperature is 28-30 ?) with constant stirring and bringing to a homogeneous consistency and the pomace complete defrosting. The degree of influence of products from the secondary apple raw materials on the technological process and bread quality depend on the type and quantity of the product added to the dough (apple powder or frozen apple pomace is used). The amount of water was also increased by replacing part of the premium wheat flour with buckwheat flour and apple pomace powder. While using fresh frozen apple pomace, the amount of water was reduced, the other ingredients in the recipe were not changed. The additives put to the recipe stimulate the dough fermentation process and reduce it. At the same time, the duration of the dough maturation and the proofing operations are reduced. The addition of fresh frozen apple pomace improves the porosity and taste of bread to a greater extent..

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