scholarly journals Patterns in grassland vegetation of Bredinskiy state natural wildlife preserve

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Nazar Nikolayevich Nazarenko ◽  
Yevgeny Dmitrievich Perlov
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Continuum Concept ◽  
Concept Theory ◽  
Steppe Grassland

The patterns (mosaicity) in grassland vegetation of Southern Ural for Bredinskiy state natural wildlife preserve example have been characterized by a hierarchical continuum concept theory. The multispecies patterns identification has been done by blocks and principal components methods and hierarchical patterns evaluation - by multivariate statistics (Cluster, Discriminant Analysis and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) and biotopes phytoindication. It has been established that there are two patterns levels - parcels (6,0 m) and coenotics (11,0 m) in grassland vegetation. Thus, hierarchical continuum in steppe grassland vegetation of Southern Ural has been confirmed by multivariate statistics. Detected patterns have been classified and its phytochorologic unit has been identified. For patterns informative and dominant species have been also detected. It has been demonstrated that species dominance and its significance in patterns depend upon mosaicity levels. Some non-uniformly scaled ecological factors have been identified for patterns continuum. The principal significance for steppe grassland parcels matter coenotic and phytodiversity factors, for coenotics patterns forming matter abiotic factors too. For Bredinskiy state natural wildlife preserve principal abiotic factors steppe grassland patterns forming are (by decrease) soil calcium regime, soil nitrogen regime, soil acidity, soil mineralization and aeration.

scholarly journals Patterns in steppe grassland vegetation of Troitsky State Natural Complex Preserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Nazar N. Nazarenko ◽  
Aleksandr V. Malaev ◽  
Alla V. Pirozhenkova ◽  
Natalya A. Bayda
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natural Complex ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Continuum Concept ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca ◽  
Concept Theory ◽  
Steppe Grassland

The patterns (mosaicity) in the northern type of Southern Ural steppe vegetation were characterized by a hierarchical continuum concept theory for Troitsky State Natural Complex Preserve example. Multispecies patterns have been identified by blocks and principal components methods while a hierarchical patterns evaluation by multivariate statistics (Cluster, Discriminant Analysis and Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) and biotopes phytoindication. It has been established that three pattern levels micro-patterns (0,8 and 1,8 m), parcels (6,0 m) and coenotics (11,0 m) are significantly identified in steppe vegetation. The two last levels correspond to levels specified for the southern type of Southern Ural steppe vegetation earlier. The authors have demonstrated that parcel and coenotic patterns are identified as ratio of four species abundance: Stipa lessingiana, S. pennata, S. tirsa and Festuca valesiaca. For natural and undisturbed steppe associations informative species are non-dominants or edificators. Vegetation plot size and the location in phytocatena can be determinative for floristic composition, phytodiversity indexes and syntaxon detection. There are several non-uniformly scaled factors of mosaicity identification. The most significant ones are coenotic interactions among species. Soil nitrogen regime and soil calcium regimes, soil moistening, aeration and acidity are significant for abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Patterns in steppe meadow vegetation at the border of Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of the Southern Ural

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Nazar N. Nazarenko ◽  
Aleksandr V. Malaev ◽  
Alla V. Pirozhenkova ◽  
Natalya A. Bayda
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Continuum Concept ◽  
Concept Theory ◽  
Steppe Meadow ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Micro Patterns

The patterns (mosaicity) in steppe meadow vegetation were characterized at the border of Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of the Southern Ural by hierarchical continuum concept theory for Troitskiy state natural complex preserve example. It has been established that the discordant natural region bring about mosaicity destruction micro-patterns are fuzzy, parcels are not formed and coenotics (12,0 m) level is identified only. The steppe meadow vegetation is characterized by coenotic level continuum coenotic patterns have almost identical dominant and co-dominant species composition, phytochorologic units form combination of four meadow grasses with middle and weak contagious spatial distribution and most species have random spatial distribution. But the steppe meadow biotopes are characterized by specifics of abiotic factors. The significant factors, influencing coenotic patterns and biotopes of steppe meadow, are soil calcium and nitrogen regime, soil aeration, moistening and its variability.

Large-scale mapping of the catenas vegetation in Subarctic tundra

1995 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
S. S. Kholod
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Functional Zones

One of the most difficult tasks in large-scale vegetation mapping is the clarification of mechanisms of the internal integration of vegetation cover territorial units. Traditional way of searching such mechanisms is the study of ecological factors controlling the space heterogeneity of vegetation cover. In essence, this is autecological analysis of vegetation. We propose another way of searching the mechanisms of territorial integration of vegetation. It is connected with intracoenotic interrelation, in particular, with the changing role of edificator synusium in a community along the altitudinal gradient. This way of searching is illustrated in the model-plot in subarctic tundra of Central Chukotka. Our further suggestion concerns the way of depicting these mechanisms on large-scale vegetation map. As a model object we chose the catena, that is the landscape formation including all geomorphjc positions of a slope, joint by the process of moving the material down the slope. The process of peneplanation of a mountain system for a long geological time favours to the levelling the lower (accumulative) parts of slopes. The colonization of these parts of the slope by the vegetation variants, corresponding to the lowest part of catena is the result of peneplanation. Vegetation of this part of catena makes a certain biogeocoenotic work which is the levelling of the small infralandscape limits and of the boundaries in vegetation cover. This process we name as the continualization on catena. In this process the variants of vegetation in the lower part of catena are being broken into separate synusiums. This is the process of decumbation of layers described by V. B. Sochava. Up to the slope the edificator power of the shrub synusiums sharply decreases. Moss and herb synusium have "to seek" the habitats similar to those under the shrub canopy. The competition between the synusium arises resulting in arrangement of a certain spatial assemblage of vegetation cover elements. In such assemblage the position of each element is determined by both biotic (interrelation with other coenotic elements) and abiotic (presence of appropriate habitats) factors. Taking into account the biogeocoenotic character of the process of continualization on catena we name such spatial assemblage an exolutionary-biogeocoenotic series. The space within each evolutionary-biogeocoenotic series is divided by ecological barriers into some functional zones. In each of the such zones the struggle between synusiums has its individual expression and direction. In the start zone of catena (extensive pediment) the interrelations of synusiums and layers control the mutual spatial arrangement of these elements at the largest extent. Here, as a rule, there predominate edificator synusiums of low and dwarfshrubs. In the first order limit zone (the bend of pediment to the above part of the slope) one-species herb and moss synusiums, oftenly substituting each other in similar habitats, get prevalence. In the zone of active colonization of slope (denudation slope) the coenotic factor has the least role in the spatial distribution of the vegetation cover elements. In particular, phytocoenotic interactions take place only within separate microcoenoses of herbs, mosses and lichens. In the zone of the attenuation of continualization process (the upper most parts of slope, crests) phytocoenotic interactions are almost absent and the spatial distribution of vegetation cover elements depends exclusively on the abiotic factors. The principal scheme of the distribution of vegetation cover elements and the disposition of functional zones on catena are shown on block-diagram (fig. 1).

scholarly journals Patterns in Natural Halophytic Grasslands at the Border of Forest-Steppe and Steppe Zones of South Ural

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-476
Author(s):  
Nazar N. Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr V. Malaev ◽  
Alla V. Pirozhenkova ◽  
Natalya A. Bayda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Natural Complex ◽  
Continuum Concept ◽  
Concept Theory ◽  
Micro Patterns

The patterns (mosaicity) in natural halophytic grasslands at the border of Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of South Ural were characterized by the hierarchical continuum concept theory for the Troitskiy state natural complex preserve example. It was established, that the grass canopy is fragmented by salinization impact, the individual’s random distribution is typical of halophytes and salttolerant steppe species form patterns. Only the micro-patterns (0,8 m) level is statistically significant, parcels (8 m) and coenotics (12 m) are fuzzy and fragmentation of mosaicity is observed. There are two coenotics series defined for parcels – halophytic and steppe, relating to the distribution of halophytes and steppe grasses respectively. There is clear coenosis. Separation is observed by phytodiversity and biotopes descriptions. The intracoenotic interactions between species, soil moistening variability, soil aeration and acidity (alkalinity) and soil mineralization increase (decrease) are significant for parcels and coenosis forming.

scholarly journals Environmental factors influencing fine-scale distribution of Antarctica’s only endemic insect

Oecologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-539
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Potts ◽  
J. D. Gantz ◽  
Yuta Kawarasaki ◽  
Benjamin N. Philip ◽  
David J. Gonthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Belgica Antarctica ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractSpecies distributions are dependent on interactions with abiotic and biotic factors in the environment. Abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and soil nutrients, along with biotic interactions within and between species, can all have strong influences on spatial distributions of plants and animals. Terrestrial Antarctic habitats are relatively simple and thus good systems to study ecological factors that drive species distributions and abundance. However, these environments are also sensitive to perturbation, and thus understanding the ecological drivers of species distribution is critical for predicting responses to environmental change. The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, is the only endemic insect on the continent and has a patchy distribution along the Antarctic Peninsula. While its life history and physiology are well studied, factors that underlie variation in population density within its range are unknown. Previous work on Antarctic microfauna indicates that distribution over broad scales is primarily regulated by soil moisture, nitrogen content, and the presence of suitable plant life, but whether these patterns are true over smaller spatial scales has not been investigated. Here we sampled midges across five islands on the Antarctic Peninsula and tested a series of hypotheses to determine the relative influences of abiotic and biotic factors on midge abundance. While historical literature suggests that Antarctic organisms are limited by the abiotic environment, our best-supported hypothesis indicated that abundance is predicted by a combination of abiotic and biotic conditions. Our results are consistent with a growing body of literature that biotic interactions are more important in Antarctic ecosystems than historically appreciated.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CONTENT OF PHYTONUTRIENTS IN INDUSTRIAL TOMATOES

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Sz. Ráth ◽  
M. Égei ◽  
K. Horváth ◽  
B. Andryie ◽  
H. G. Daood
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicon ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Precipitation

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon L.) are one of the most important and most widely consumed vegetables in the world. The fruit contains considerable amount of different phytonutrients such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and vitamin C. In the present work, effects of some abiotic factors on the concentration of phytonutrients were investigated in tomato cultivated in two different types of soil. It was found that the type of soil had slight effect on the most important vital nutrients, while the ecological factors, particularly precipitation and average temperature 3 weeks before harvest, were of significant influence on such nutrients. It was found that low temperature and high precipitation before harvest caused the levels of carotenoids, tocopherol, and vitamin C to significantly increase by 65%, 46%, and 28%, respectively.

scholarly journals Biotic interactions are more important at species’ warm vs. cool range-edges: a synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Paquette ◽  
Anna L. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Species Being

ABSTRACTPredicting which ecological factors constrain species distributions is a fundamental question in ecology and critical to forecasting geographic responses to global change. Darwin hypothesized that abiotic factors generally impose species’ high-latitude and high-elevation (typically cool) range limits, whereas biotic interactions more often impose species’ low-latitude/low-elevation (typically warm) limits, but empirical support has been mixed. Here, we clarify three predictions arising from Darwin’s hypothesis, and show that previously mixed support is partially due to researchers testing different predictions. Using a comprehensive literature review (886 range limits), we find that biotic interactions, including competition, predation, and parasitism, influenced species’ warm limits more often than species’ cool limits. At cool limits, abiotic factors were consistently more important than biotic interactions, but temperature contributed strongly to cool and warm limits. Our results suggest that most range limits will be sensitive to climate warming, but warm limit responses will depend strongly on biotic interactions. “When we travel southward and see a species decreasing in numbers, we may feel sure that the cause lies quite as much in other species being favored, as in this one being hurt. (Whereas)… the number of species, and therefore of competitors, deceases northwards; hence in going northward or in ascending a mountain, we far oftener meet with stunted forms, due to the directly injurious action of climate” –Darwin 1859

scholarly journals Genomic variation, population history and within-archipelago adaptation between island bird populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201146
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Martin ◽  
Claire Armstrong ◽  
Juan Carlos Illera ◽  
Brent C. Emerson ◽  
David S. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Population History ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
A Genome

Oceanic island archipelagos provide excellent models to understand evolutionary processes. Colonization events and gene flow can interact with selection to shape genetic variation at different spatial scales. Landscape-scale variation in biotic and abiotic factors may drive fine-scale selection within islands, while long-term evolutionary processes may drive divergence between distantly related populations. Here, we examine patterns of population history and selection between recently diverged populations of the Berthelot's pipit ( Anthus berthelotii ), a passerine endemic to three North Atlantic archipelagos. First, we use demographic trees and f 3 statistics to show that genome-wide divergence across the species range is largely shaped by colonization and bottlenecks, with evidence of very weak gene flow between populations. Then, using a genome scan approach, we identify signatures of divergent selection within archipelagos at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes potentially associated with craniofacial development and DNA repair. We did not detect within-archipelago selection at the same SNPs as were detected previously at broader spatial scales between archipelagos, but did identify signatures of selection at loci associated with similar biological functions. These findings suggest that similar ecological factors may repeatedly drive selection between recently separated populations, as well as at broad spatial scales across varied landscapes.

Bioinformational techniques in analysis of phase portrates of weather and climate factors in m-dimentsional space of parameters

10.12737/6720 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Молягов ◽  
D. Molyagov ◽  
Бикмухаметова ◽  
L. Bikmukhametova ◽  
Русак ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Weather And Climate

In the paper we examine and discuss the results of original research of dynamics of climatic and ecological factors by the example of northern urbanized KMAO – Yugra (Surgut and Surgut district) from the perspective of theory of chaos and self-organization. The peculiarities and laws of the dynamic behavior of a time trend of climate and ecologic factors as indicators of dynamic system are discovered, the most informative components of the abiotic factors in the long-term dynamics are identified.

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