scholarly journals Future outlook of plant growth regulators application influencing callus induction from different type explant Hyoscyamus muticus L. in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Walla Abdelmaksood Abdelazeez ◽  
Landysh Zavdetovna Khusnetdinova ◽  
Olga Arnoldovna Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Hyoscyamus Muticus ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Naphthylacetic Acid ◽  
Egyptian Henbane

The article shows the results concerning the problem of the influence of the hormonal composition of the medium on callus induction in isolated from different explants of Egyptian henbane areas (on the example of Hyoscyamus muticus L.). The authors study 11 variants of Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations and combination of auxins and cytokinins. It was important to find nutrient medium modification of Murashige and Skoog for callus induction. The article describes the fact that callus formation from different explant types of Hyoscyamus muticus L. in vitro was observed on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with benzylaminopurine and naphthylacetic acid. It shows that the maximum callus induction was observed from root explants on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of benzylaminopurine and 1.0 mg/l of naphthylacetic acid. And minimal callus formation was observed in the area with benzylaminopurine. Callus induction of leaf and stem explants both on the hormone-free nutrient medium and with the benzylaminopurine only was not observed. Thus, the results show that the frequency of callus formation with culturing root segment is higher compared to leaf and stem segment explants (on the example of Egyptian henbane in culture in vitro ). This work aims to inducing callus formation from various explants of Egyptian henbane, which can be used for plant regeneration or as a source for in vitro production of secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Use of growth inhibitor chlormequat chloride in potato culture in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Buldakov
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Investigational Product ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
The Cost

The publication presents data on the use of growth inhibitor chlormequat chloride in in vitro potato culture on varieties of different maturity groups: Meteor (early), Zekura (mid-early), and Northern Lights (mid-season). Five dosages of the investigational product were studied, ranging from 0.1125 to 1.8 g/l. It was found that in maximum doses of the product there was a strong inhibition of all growth processes in all varieties. The research results showed that the most optimal concentration of chlormequat chloride is 0.225 g per 1 liter of Murashige and Skoog medium. At this dose, on 30th day of cultivation, there was a decrease in the height of microplants from the control by 63.2-85.1%, in the root length - up to 15.0% and their number - up to 22.8% and an increase in the number of internodes by 6.5-22,0 % depending on the variety. The investigational product had an effect on formation of microtubers; in the Meteor variety, their largest number was 89.5% in the nutrient medium with a dose of 1.8 g/l, in the Zekura variety - 93.0% in the nutrient medium with a dose of 0.9 g/l. The new technique makes it possible to lengthen the periods between cuttings of test-tube plants by 2.3 times. This, in turn, reduces the cost of maintaining the in vitro collection material of potatoes in the summer-autumn period, and improves its quality, since each additional cutting cycle affects a more rapid degeneration of the variety. Also, microplants grown with growth inhibitor during subsequent relocation to a standard Murashige and Skoog medium did not show an aftereffect.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration protocol development via callus formation from stem explant of tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
Meherunnesa Papry ◽  
SM Ahsan ◽  
Sayeed Shahriyar
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Initiation

The experiment was conducted on in vitro regeneration of tomato at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali. The objective was to develop an efficient regeneration protocol in tomato through callus induction for subsequent plantlet regeneration. Seeds were inoculated on MS medium where germination rate was 78.4%. The stems of in vitrocultured seedlings were used as explants. Different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were added to MS medium to observe their efficacy on callus induction, shoot initiation and root formation. Stem explants cultured on MS medium fortified with 2 mg/L BAPgave the highest number of shoots (3.0) at 45 DAC. Among the concentrations of PGRs, 0.25 mg/L IAA produced the highest length (4.064 cm) of plantlets, number (5.0) of leaves and fresh weight (0.663 g) of plantlets with the stem explants at 45 DAC. The concentration of 0.5 mg/L IAA produced the highest number (21.00) of roots/plantlet, length (7.676 cm) of roots at 45 DAC, from the same explants. The highest survival rate of in vitro regenerated plantlets in the pot was 70.00 % with the stem explants. The results of the current study showed significant increase in the growth of callus of Solanumlycopersicon Mill. Indicating a good efficiency of the optimized media composition and the experimental model used in comparison to other studies of similar nature.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 589-599

scholarly journals In vitro Regeneration of Alstroemeria cv. ‘Balance’ by Indirect Organogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Hossein Nazarian ◽  
Maryam Beigi Harchegani ◽  
Mahmoud Otroshy ◽  
Ali Motamedi
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT: This study was designed in order to optimize the indirect organogenesis (during callus induction and regeneration) of Alstroemeria cv. ‘Balance’ through tissue culture technique in two phases; the first stage: callus induction by rhizome segments, leaf and nodal stem which in the start, callus formation media were examined using two types of auxins; 2,4-D and NAA and a cytokinin; BAP in four different experimentations. In the second stage, calli derived from rhizome segments and nodal stem explants were transferred to regeneration media. The results revealed that 2,4-D in combination with BAP in the rhizome segments and nodal stem explants were efficient as compared to NAA. The highest yield of callus formation was also obtained in the rhizome segments explants. According to the results, it can be suggested that NAA as auxin, does not have direct positive effect on cell division in Alstroemeria. The 2,4-D is toxic at high concentrations and may bring about cell death. Eventually, the composition of 0.5 mg/l NAA with 3 mg/l BAP and callus derived from nodal stem explants may be introduced as the best combination for regeneration. These results indicate the necessity of the BAP cytokinin presence for regeneration. In addition, the maximum length of the shoot was obtained from combination of BAP with nodal stem explants, without the presence of NAA.

scholarly journals Microclonal propagation and callus induction of some species of Carlina L. genus

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
N. B. Kravets ◽  
N. V. Tulaidan ◽  
M. Z. Mosula ◽  
N. M. Drobyk
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Aim. The aim of the research was to choose the conditions for microclonal propagation and obtain callus cultures from Carlina аcaulis L., Carlina cirsioides Klok and Carlina onopordifolia Besser ex Szafer, Kulcz. et Pawl plants in vitro. Methods. For microclonal propagation of С. acaulis, C. cirsioides and C. onopordіfolia we used rosettes of 2–3-month specimens and planted them on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with decreased macro- and microsalts concentrations (MS/2) supplemented with kinetin (Кin) (from 1–3 mg/l) and 0.1 mg/l of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). For induction of callus formation, we used root, stem explants from С. acaulis, C. cirsioides and C. onopordіfolia, and planted them on nutrient media MS, MS/2, and Gamborg and Eveleigh (В5) supplemented with different concentrations of cytokinins – 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or Кin and auxins – 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) or NAA and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Results. MS/2 medium supplemented with growth regulators of NAA and Кin were the most efficient to provide the formation of microclones. For C. сirsioides plants, this indicator was 6.6–6.8 rosettes per graft after 6 months of cultivation and for С. acaulis and C. onopordіfolia – 4.2–5.0 and 4.8–5.2 respectively. To raise the percentage of rooting for microclones of Carlina species, it was expedient to steep them preliminarily in the solution of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with 1000 mg/l concentration for a minute. Optimal for obtaining callus tissue from Carlina plants was nutrient medium MS supplemented with 3 mg/l IAA, 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l Kin and MS/2 with 0.1 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2.4-D; under such conditions the percentage of callus induction exceeded 90 % for all types of explants. Conclusions. There were chosen the conditions for microclonal propagation of С. acaulis, C. cirsioides and C. onopordіfolia and worked out the schemes for enrooting obtained microclones in vitro. Capable of growing rapidly callus cultures from root and stem explants of the investigated plant species were obtained. Keywords: Carlina аcaulis L., Carlina cirsioides  Klok, Carlina onopordifolia Besser ex Szafer, Kulcz. et Pawl, in vitro, microclonal propagation, callus induction.

In vitro control of caulogenesis by growth regulators and media components in embryonic explants of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1948-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Flinn ◽  
David T. Webb ◽  
Wanda Georgis
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
The Difference

Horizontally oriented embryos of Pinus strobus (L.) produced shoots on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing cytokinin. Shoots developed primarily from cotyledons in contact with the medium. Seed pretreatments at 5 or 27 °C did not affect caulogenesis. N6-Benzyladenine (BA) and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (2iP) both induced caulogenesis, with BA being 10–20 times more potent than 2iP. High BA levels caused callus formation. BA exposures from 1 to 8 weeks were equally caulogenic with horizontal explants, but exposures longer than 2 weeks led to increased variability and callus formation. A 1-week, upside-down, vertical orientation during BA treatment increased the uniformity of cotyledon response and was as caulogenic as a 4-week horizontal BA exposure. Neither auxins nor triiodobenzoic acid induced or significantly enhanced shoot formation. Full-strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium was superior to Murashige and Skoog medium for shoot induction. Dilution of Schenk and Hildebrandt medium had no significant effect on shoot production, but shoot elongation was suppressed on one quarter strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium. Half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium was as caulogenic as Schenk and Hildebrandt medium. The NH4 level of the macronutrients was responsible for the difference between Schenk and Hildebrant medium and Murashige and Skoog medium. The higher NH4 concentration of Murashige and Skoog medium inhibited shoot formation.

scholarly journals Somaclonal variation on in vitro callus culture potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia N. Bordallo ◽  
Derly H. Silva ◽  
José Maria ◽  
Cosme D. Cruz ◽  
Elizabeth P. Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Arbitrary Sequence ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Level

Synthetic seeds can be an alternative for those species in which botanical seeds are not viable. One of the major problems of in vitro plant cultivation is the high level of somaclonal variation. The most common factors affecting somaclonal variation are genotype, explant source, in vitro period and cultivation conditions in which the culture is established. In this work, calli were induced using leaf and stem explants of the commercial potato cultivars Achat, Baraka, Baronesa, Bintje, and Contenda in MS culture media supplemented with 1.65 mM of picloram and 11.5 mM of 2,4-D. Seventy and 90 days after induction, DNA samples of 40 calli were compared concerning the effects of the two explant (leaf and stem) and two growth regulator sources on five potatoes cultivars. A total of 20 arbitrary sequence primers were evaluated. The RAPD pattern generated by these primers suggested a high percentage of polymorphic fragments among the five genotypes, indicating a high level of genetic variation among cultivars. Cultivar Baronesa showed the highest number of polymorphic fragments for all treatments. The cultivar Contenda showed the smallest somaclonal variation, for most of the treatments, except for the treatment which consisted of stem explants, picloram (1.65 mM) application, and a 70-day period of callus formation. 'Contenda' is, therefore, the most suitable cultivar for synthetic seed production.

scholarly journals Callus Induction from Cotyledon of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Fajri Marisa ◽  
Lisna Hidayati ◽  
Aries Bagus Sasongko ◽  
Tri Rini Nuringtyas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Gyrinops versteegii is an endemic plant in eastern Indonesia that produced agarwood with high quality and economic value. This plant has been threatened by overexploitation which leads on decreasing in the natural population. This research aimed to induce in vitro callus formation to support the sustainable utilization of G. versteegii, which in the end, may support plant productivity. Callus induction was investigated using cotyledon and cultured on MS medium supplemented with several combination of plant growth regulators. The observations were done for the number of explants turned into callus and the duration for the first callus formation. The results showed that combination of 3 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L BAP was recorded as the best combination for callus induction (63.63%). Callus with friable structure and bright color are obtained within nine days of incubation and showed the characteristic of embryonic callus. This result is expected to give a significant opportunity to conserve the natural population of G. versteegii.

scholarly journals In vitro Callus Induction and Regeneration of Popular Indica Rice Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aananthi. N
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Regenerated Plant ◽  
Better Than

Five rice cultivars viz., ASD 16, White Ponni, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Sugandh 4 and Pusa Sugandh 5 belonging to subspecies indica were compared for its ability in callus formation and regeneration. In this experiment, the different parameters viz., the effect of hormones (2,4-D and kinetin), organic supplement (coconut milk O1-CM 100 mll-1, O2-CM 75 mll-1, O3-CM 50 mll-1), explants (seed and immature embryo), media (MS and N6), carbon source (sucrose and maltose) using five genotypes on callus response was studied. The effect of hardening methods was also assessed. Results showed that for enhanced callus induction was with MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 2, 4-D + 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin + 30 gl-1 maltose irrespective of explants used. Addition of 100 ml l-1 coconut milk was found have improvement in callus response. The performance of immature embryo was better than seed for callus induction, emrbyogenic callus formation, rhizogenic callus formation and regeneration. MS media provided superiority over N6. Among the genotypes Pusa Basmati 1 rendered outstanding performance in callus behavior. The treatment combination MS + 2.5 mgl-1 BAP + 0.5 mgl-1 NAA + 1.0 mgl-1 KN gave the highest organogenesis response and regeneration of plantlets. Hardening in mist chamber was recognized as the best method to give the highest per cent of regenerated plant lets.

In vitro plant regeneration from leaf expiants of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2409-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Behki ◽  
S. M. Lesley
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Plant Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Plant

Leaf discs from 15 mutant clones of tomato were tested for their morphogenetic response in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 12 combinations of the growth regulators napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BA) and 4 combinations of NAA and zeatin. The results show that either callus, shoots, roots, or shoots and roots can be produced depending upon the hormone concentrations and ratios. Plants were regenerated from 12 of the 15 varieties tested.

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