scholarly journals Federally administered tribal areas: British colonial legacy in postcolonial age

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Oleg Sergeevich Tselera
Keyword(s):  
British India ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Administrative Experience ◽  
Tribal Areas ◽  
The Impact

The following paper analyzes the role of administrative experience of the British Empire on Northwest boundary of the British India in 19 - the first half of the 20th centuries in Pakistan political policy choice concerning the federally administered tribal areas in the second half of 20 - the beginning of the 21st centuries. At the same time special attention is paid to the British colonial practices which saved the value during a post-colonial era in the tribes zone. The author also pays attention to the role of colonial experience in asymmetrical conflict settlement with the USA involvement in Afghanistan territory as well as to features of interaction of Washington and Islamabad in the tribes zone. The author concludes about perspectives of colonial knowledge in federally administered tribal areas administration during a post-colonial era taking into account historical experience of the British colonial administration on Northwest boundary of British India during the age of empires. The paper also reveals the impact of postcolonial practices on the history of modern Pakistan and on the choice of its way to reform the FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas), as well as the role of other regional players in the reform of the FATA.

The Role of Veilcloths Among the Rabaris of Kutch, Gujarat, Western India

Costume ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Eiluned Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Western India ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

This article gives a brief introduction to the Rabaris of Kutch district, Gujarat, in western India. It then follows the biographical strands of the veilcloth worn by Rabari women (who are known as Rabaran) through its making, use and circulation, exploring the basis of their values and beliefs. Analysis of its trajectory reveals the impact of change on the Rabaris' way of life following the development of agricultural industries in Kutch in the past three to four decades. Previously secure in the pious nature of their vocation as herders, the decline of their form of animal husbandry in the post-colonial era has compelled Rabaris to review their calling; as they renegotiate their identity at individual and group level, in common with the nationalists of the early twentieth century, dress has become a site in which that identity is contested and reconfigured.

scholarly journals Constitutional legacies of empire in politics and administration: Jamaica’s incomplete settlement

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Lindsay Stirton ◽  
Martin Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Constitutionalism is characterised by tensions and ambiguities. The Westminster constitutional framework is no different and, in the UK, these tensions are traditionally mitigated through informal institutions, underpinned by what Leslie Lipson called a ‘mutually beneficial bargain’. While the existing literature has pointed to a ‘transplant effect’ in which only the formal but not the informal institutions are transplanted, little is understood about the legacy effects of such transplants, how they are mediated by the presence, absence or modification of such a bargain, and the impact on the conduct and effectiveness of government. Using the case of Jamaica, this paper explores these issues by examining the constitutional tension between principles of responsible and representative government as they operate on the relationship between politics and civil service in the colonial and immediate post-colonial period. We argue that the constitutional legacy is one of a ‘mutually suspicious bargain’ between politicians and civil servants, which emerged under the era of colonial rule, but persisted into the post-colonial era, becoming, in the 1970s, a central flashpoint of constitutional conflict. As a result of this colonial legacy, there has been an unresolved tension in the operation of the Jamaican constitution regarding the appropriate balance between constitutional principles of responsibility.

scholarly journals China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Will it Make or Mar Development in the Central and West Africa Subregions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
William G. Dzekashu ◽  
Julius N. Anyu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The West ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Products

The West, chiefly Europe, left political footmarks in Africa from the Colonial Era, along with varying economic footprints and surviving engagements in the immediate Post-colonial Era. However, the relationships between Africa and her former colonial masters have hardly yielded much to the former following the wave of independence, leading to the perception of failed relationships. This perception of failure to deliver on their undertakings has left Africa with only one option—China. The latter has been addressing some of Africa’s urgent infrastructure needs in return for natural resources and agricultural products. These engagements on the surface appear to be good business, but on further examination seem questionable notably as it relates to debt distress on vulnerable economies. To increase her footprint within the continent, China extended her Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to most African nations who have signed a memorandum of understanding for future development projects. Though the commitments usually are unspecified, China’s investments have seen rapid growth since the early 2000s, largely owing to the implementation of the BRI. The memoranda have had the potential to strengthen ties with partner nations. The expansion to include Africa in its economic participation in the BRI has left the West questioning China’s motives while reinforcing suspicions about possible future US-China conflict. The impact of BRI on the African continent is quite visible in all the subregions, especially in their improved gross domestic products. A burning question has been whether these partnerships represent win-win relationships for sustainable growth or debt-growth dynamics.

Political Stability in Africa: A Cross-National Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110544
Author(s):  
Gizachew Tiruneh
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Development Regime ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this paper is to test the influence of Africa’s founding fathers and the impact of British colonial legacy on the political stability of Africa. We relied on a sample of 50 African countries and employed cross-sectional research designs, which covered two separate periods (1960–1989 and 1990–2018). Using logistic regression and OLS estimators and controlling for French colonial legacy, economic development, regime type, ethnic heterogeneity, and ethnic polarization, we found that the founding fathers were conducive to Africa’s political stability between 1960 and 2018. We also found that British colonial legacy had some impact on former British colonies’ stability between 1960 and 2018. In addition, GDP per capita had a significant impact on Africa’s political stability over the two periods.

Africa between Gandhi and Nehru

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Ali A. Mazrui
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Impact

The author’s interest in Africa’s relations with India goes back to his doctoral thesis at Oxford University, published under the title of Towards a Pax Africana. The impact of India upon twentieth century Africa has a special place for Gandhi’s strategies of civil disobedience and Nehru’s principle of nonalignment. Gandhi’s satyagraha (soul force) inspired African political figures as diverse as Nobel laureate Albert Luthuli of South Africa and Ivorian president Houphouet-Boigny. Nehru’s ideas about what used to be called “positive neutralism” helped to shape African approaches to foreign policy in the entire post-colonial era. The essay, published almost two decades ago, explored these historical dimensions in this prescient analysis.

Creating a new psychiatry: on the origins of non-institutional psychiatry in the USA, 1900–50

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scull
Keyword(s):  
Mental Hygiene ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Institutional Practice ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Institutional Psychiatry ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the early origins of the shift away from institutional psychiatry in the USA. It focuses on the period between 1900 and 1950. Attention is paid to the role of neurologists and disaffected asylum doctors in the early emergence of extra-institutional practice; to the impact of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene and Thomas Salmon; to the limited role of psychoanalysis during most of this period; and to the influence of the Rockefeller Foundation’s decision to focus most of its effort in the medical sciences on psychiatry.

Persistence in changes: on the true causes of the irresistible attraction of the constitutions of exotic countries: Book review: The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Constitutions / ed. by R.Albert, D.O’Brien, S.Wheatle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-156
Author(s):  
Andrey Medushevsky
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Administrative Governance ◽  
The Impact

In the great international literature on comparative constitutional law, main theoretical observations and constructions normally been made on the ground of principle Western models interpretation. That is quite natural because the experience of established democracies in their historical and political implications formed the basis and resource of inspiration for many new nations looking forward to create the similar forms of constitutional government in spite of various cultural and social difficulties. But this approach substitute the problem by its ideal solution sometimes ignoring the whole bulk of emotions, hesitations, exaggerated hops, disappointments and interests, which are represented in regions and countries of so-called “periphery zone” of legal development acutely pressed to search their own strategy of constitutional modernization in quite different cultural and political context. This problem becomes the central point in the monumental work under review – “The Oxford handbook of Caribbean Constitutions”. The book providing a solid ground for the complex academic deliberation of one of such regions – a very specific group of countries, which formerly were part of the great European colonial empires, recently proclaimed their independence and stay in a permanent process of constitutional self-determination trying to find their proper way in legal globalization. Carefully summarizing the materials and ideas of this collective work, the author of this review article discusses some general conceptual items of this type of constitutionalism: the role of common culture and history in pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial legal development; the impact of “colonial legacy” in formation of post-independence constitutionalism of respective countries. He reconsider the place of indigenous forms and imported imperial constitutional design in the establishment of the new constitutionalism and administrative governance; the specific trend to hybridization of different legal traditions, norms and institutes in process of their evolution and selection through constitutional amendments, constitutional jurisprudence and projects of reforms. In concluding part of this article the author summing up his vision of continuity and ruptures in legal development balance of Caribbean region in comparison with Post-Soviet region’s current constitutional transformation.

Co-constituting Fijian identity: the role of constitutions in Fijian national identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Mudaliar
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Island States ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter focuses on the role that constitutions play in national identity, particularly in states that are recently independent and constrained by a colonial legacy. It uses Fiji as a case study, exploring how British colonialism influenced conceptions of Fijian national identity in the constitutional texts of 1970, 1990 and 1997. The chapter explores the indigenous ethno-nationalist ideals that underpinned these constitutions, which led to the privileging of indigenous Fijian identity within the wider national identity. However, in 2013, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama introduced a new constitution which shifted away from previous ethno-nationalist underpinnings towards a more inclusive national identity through the promotion of a civic nationalist agenda. In doing so, Bainimarama’s goal of reducing ethnic conflict has seen a constitutional re-imagining of Fijian identity, which includes the introduction of new national symbols, and a new electoral system, alongside equal citizenry clauses within the Constitution. This study offers a unique insight into power and identity within post-colonial island states.

Socially Shared Metacognition Among Undergraduate Students During an Online Geology Course

2018 ◽  
pp. 406-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Spencer ◽  
Margareta M. Thomson ◽  
Jason P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Group Engagement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Successful Collaboration

The ability to collaborate successfully with others is a highly valued skill in the modern workplace and has been reflected in the increase of collaborative learning methods within education. Research has highlighted the crucial role of self-regulation in successful collaboration, and more recently begun to focus on understanding how groups jointly regulate their interactions. The current chapter outlines a mixed-methods study that compared the impact of individual- and group-centered prompts on the frequency of social metacognitive activities during online group review activities with college students (N=48) from the USA. Tentative study findings suggested that group-centered problematizing prompts were moderately successful in shifting groups towards more social forms of regulation such as co-regulation; however, they were not enough to move groups towards shared metacognitive regulation. Further results revealed how the quality of group engagement was influenced by participants' perceived value towards activities, function and focus of metacognitive episodes, and group dynamics.

Examining the Factors Shaping the Debate Around the Globalization of Higher Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasios Sarantinos
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
The World ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

The chapter explores the impact globalization has created for the higher education sector, looking at how the landscape evolved across the world and how the role of universities has been transformed. Extending the analysis further, there is an investigation of how institutions have tried to respond to the emerging challenges and opportunities presented as a consequence of the shifting field. The focus then moves to the African continent and peruses the particular development of higher education under the influence of colonial legacy and globalization, examining how institutions have endeavored to adapt. The chapter draws to an end with a reflection of the main issues, inherent limitations, and how the research agenda could be taken further.

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