scholarly journals Erosion work ethic of the soviet peasantry in the postwar decades (on materials of the Ulyanovsk Region)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Oleg Renatovich Khasyanov ◽  
Lilia Nadipovna Galimova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agricultural Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Economic Coercion ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Modern problems in the agricultural sector are rooted in the fact that for decades the state agricultural policy was characterized by neglect of the interests of the main producer, non-economic coercion to labour, alienation from the land and produced goods, infringement of social rights of the peasantry which inevitably led to urbanization, population migration from villages. On the basis of the study of the scientific literature and archival documents which have been analysed for the first time, the complex process of destruction of the collective farmerss attitude to work in the public sector is explored. According to the author, the material difficulties of rural society in the war years led to the recovery in the agricultural society of previous forms of economic activity, namely the one-man operation in its stead. The victorious conclusion of the war led to the restoration of the pre-war state policy in the field of agriculture, but farmers continued to ignore social work. The author believes that public campaigns aimed at the restoration of collective farmerss labor discipline were unsuccessful because in the absence of material incentives the collective farmers were not ready for selfless labor in social production.

“Satisfied with the Ruins of Berlin”: The German Capital’s Image in Soviet Graphics of 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-575
Author(s):  
Irina I. Rutsinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

An artist who finds themselves in the last days of a war in the enemy’s defeated capital may not just fix its objects dispassionately. Many factors influence the selection and depicturing manner of the objects. One of the factors is satisfaction from the accomplished retribution, awareness of the historical justice triumph. Researchers think such reactions are inevitable. The article offers to consider from this point of view the drawings created by Soviet artists in Berlin in the spring and summer of 1945. Such an analysis of the German capital’s visual image is conducted for the first time. It shows that the above reactions were not the only ones. The graphics of the first post-war days no less clearly and consistently express other feelings and intentions of their authors: the desire to accurately document and fix the image of the city and some of its structures in history, the happiness from the silence of peace, and the simple interest in the monuments of European art.The article examines Berlin scenes as evidences of the transition from front-line graphics focused on the visual recording of the war traces to peacetime graphics; from documentary — to artistry; from the worldview of a person at war — to the one of a person who lived to victory. In this approach, it has been important to consider the graphic images of Berlin in unity with the diary and memoir texts belonging to both artists and ordinary soldiers who participated in the storming of Berlin. The combination of verbal and visual sources helps to present the German capital’s image that existed in the public consciousness, as well as the specificity of its representation by means of visual art.

scholarly journals The Russian Assembly of the Nobility as a Communication Venue for the Upper Class and the Emperor (1780–1850s)

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Александр Куприянов ◽  
Aleksandr Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the historiography, the paper views the Russian (Moscow) Assembly of the Nobility as a communication venue for the upper class and the Emperor. Based upon archival documents, periodicals, letters, diaries and records of the contemporaries, the researcher focuses on the emerging reception practices by the public organization of the Emperor, as well as various ways of communication that arose between the monarch and his subjects at a ball. The spatial-hierarchical place of a person at a ball and at the festive table depended on his/her symbolic capital: rank, nobility, age, and personal acquaintance with the emperor and his family. The communication at a ball was secular by nature, and excluded any serious topics. The communication between the monarch and the nobility at a ball was of three types: dancing and body contact, verbal and visual. Imperial balls in the Russian Assembly of the Nobility aimed at strengthening the monarch's ties with the nobility and served as a crucial tool of publicly expressing the pro-monarchical feelings by the Moscow’s upper class. Therefore, the leaders and members of the assembly, who appreciated the symbolic value of these balls, spent huge amounts of money on their organization. The details of the monarch’s receptions in the Russian Assembly of the Nobility were published in newspapers. The research is based on a wide range of archival (Central State Archive of Moscow, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art) and published sources: chamber fourrier journals, memoirs, notes and letters, as well as periodicals (newspapers Severnaya Pchela, Severnaya Pochta, Moskovskie Vedomosti). Many of these materials are first introduced into the academic domain.

scholarly journals ONE IDENTITY FROM PROHIBITED LITERATURE

Keruen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (68) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Zh. Zekenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Original Manuscript ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
First Time

The article considers the life and work of one of the poets of literature of the early twentieth century, Baybatyr Yerzhanuly, whose years of birth and death have not yet been fully specified and defined. Based on the available archival documents and reasonable information provided by the descendants of the poet, it was found that Baybatyr was born in 1897 in the former Kyzylzhar (now North Kazakhstan Region) and died in 1939. It was revealed that in 1935 the poet was arrested by the East Kazakhstan Military District (Military Commissariat of the regional administration), and an investigation was carried out on him. In a collection of literature of the early twentieth century, published in 1994, in an article about Baybatyr Yerzhanov, the scientist Zh. Tilepov, referring to the opinion of the journalist Seyten Sauytbekov, claims that Baybatyr was born in the South Kazakhstan region. It was found that this idea was presented a bit hastily. Archival data and manuscripts relating to the life and work of the writer are submitted to the public for the first time. For example, the original manuscript of his such books as “Get up, Kazakh!”, “Love for learning”, were found in the written letter based on the Arabic script “It is embraced with death” together with one chapter of the work “For the Collective Farm”, death certificate, questionnaire, completed by the poet’s handwriting during the investigation. Based on the collected material, the biography of the poet was supplemented. The article found and revealed that the poet had two sons and one daughter, as well as his wife Marjan, and that along with teaching and editorial work, he combined poetry, writing and journalistic skills.

scholarly journals Implementation of Repression Policy in Kirghiz SSR in 1937—1938

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
B. D. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
Z. A. Altymyshova
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
State Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The issue of the implementation of repressions against the “Trotskyists”, “Zinovievites”, “Rightists” and other “enemies of the people” living in the Kirghiz SSR in 1937—1938 is examined in the article. Both objective and subjective prerequisites for the punitive activities of the security agencies in the first years of Soviet power are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of scientists and the public in the period of Stalinist repressions, the assessment of these events. The study was carried out on the basis of materials from the archives of the State Committee for National Security. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that these documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In addition, statistics are provided on some categories of repressed in the republic, which are also published for the first time. A rethinking and political assessment of the events of this difficult period is proposed. The repressive activities against the so-called “enemies of the people” in the political aspect are analyzed, since the special services were an instrument of the ruling party and obeyed. The role and place of the security agencies, the mechanism for implementing repressions and illegal methods of conducting investigations based on archival documents of the State Committee for National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic are shown.

Treating Adoptees as Persons

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Graeme Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Adult Adoptees ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Major Subject ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Welfare Activity

The number of children placed for adoption in Australia (and in virtually all other countries) in the 1970's was infinitesimal compared with the number placed in the 1960's. Nevertheless, we enter the 1980's with adoption remaining a major subject for public scrutiny and discussion. Several factors contribute to this interest. Adoption in the one “welfare” activity that touches the lives of the “non-welfare” public, in that it is still seen (unrealistically) as the first alternative for childless couples wanting a family. The decrease in babies needing adoption reduces the number of couples who can look to adoption as a means of having a family and increases the public interest in this “rare commodity”. Two Australian Conferences on Adoption (1976 & 1978) brought together for the first time in this country the various parties involved in the adoption process, generating intense and ongoing examination, discussion and debate. The secrecy of the adoption process has been called into question, particularly by adult adoptees deprived of any information at all concerning their origins.

scholarly journals Marco Paolini’s Theatre of Trauma: Vajont

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Andrea Bini
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dario Fo ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
Mainstream Culture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Media Event

This paper analyzes the work of actor/writer Marco Paolini, and his acclaimed monologue Il racconto del Vajont in particular. In the wake of Dario Fo and Franca Rame’s teatro civile, Paolini’s monolo­gues contributed to the birth of the so-called teatro di narrazione in the 1990s, which can also be defined as “theatre of trauma”, that is, a the­atre that recovers the memory of tragic events from the past. In recent times, trauma has become a central theme of Western narrative, poli­tics, and other forms of representation in the public sphere. Following the thought of philosophers such as Jean-François Lyotard and Slavoj Zižek, the article reads Paolini’s Il racconto del Vajont as a significant example of what writer Kyo Maclear calls “witness art.” Characterized by a crisis of the traditional models of representation in mainstream culture, witness art is conceived by Maclear in opposition to the tradi­tional divisions between art, knowledge, and the political instances of public discourse. Among Paolini’s many performances of Vaiont, the one performed at the same time and place where the tragedy took place 34 years before, and broadcasted live on RAI 2 in 1997, stands out for its uniqueness. That night, Paolini evoked the reenactment of a trau­matic experience by its witnesses, and, on a wider scale, by the audien­ce watching television at home. An almost forgotten tragedy became a media event, and for the first time trauma witnessing as such—and not as a means for a specific political claim—became part of the public discourse in the elaboration of post-1989 Italy.

scholarly journals “The Gorky Komsomol – to the children!: Archival documents. Memoirs”: Revisiting the Book Publication in Nizhny Novgorod

2020 ◽  
pp. 1267-1272
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Gordin ◽  
◽  
Elena D. Gordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Neglect ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development

The problem of children upbringing is always significant, especially in difficult, critical social situations. In modern times, it seems necessary to reconsider the Soviet experience in systematic solution of this problem: in the period when the Soviet state was emerging after the Civil War, in the days of its further development, in the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War, in the post-war decades, and in the difficult years of the Perestroika. Documents collection “The Gorky Komsomol – to the children!” includes all types of documents (protocols, background informations, reports, information, memos, documents of personal provenance, photographs, etc.); it is the first publication that comprehensively covers the Komsomol members work with children in the Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) region. In working on the book, materials of 47 district committees, city committees, and Komsomol committees have been used, 550 sources have been identified. 215 documents and 90 photographs are included in the collection, almost all of which (with exception of 11) are being published for the first time. Previously, the Nizhny Novgorod archivists published two collections: “You and I, Leningrad” (2014) and “Childhood seared by the war” (2015). Thus, the documentary material on important and practically unstudied by the Nizhny Novgorod researchers “children” topic is being introduced into scientific use. The documents in the collection allow us to reconstruct the forms of Komsomol members’ participation in the upbringing children and adolescents. Much attention is paid to the Komsomol patronage over children’s institutions, the Komsomol members’ fight against child neglect, the activities of pedagogical groups, and the organization of children’s leisure. Of particular interest are new photographs from the personal provenance archives and memoirs of the Komsomol activists. This collection, on the one hand, helps to fill the gap in the picture of historical past of the Gorky region, on the other hand, mainstreams the “children” topic and invites historians to turn to its further study.

LOUIS PABST, BROTHER OF PAUL AUGUSTOVICH PABST

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
А. М. Merkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

For the first time in Russian and foreign musicology, the article examines the activities of Louis Pabst, a prominent German pianist and teacher, Professor of the Music and Drama School at the Moscow Philharmonic Society in 1899–1906. The author studies the creative biography of the musician, the ways of his artistic formation, the influence of his inner circle and the one of his famous senior colleagues — Father August Pabst, Anton Rubinstein, Hans von Bülow. A broad historical material, often for the first time introduced into scientific use (reviews in Russian and foreign press, memories of contemporaries, reference publications, archival documents, etc.) is applied to trace his tour routes (Königsberg, Riga, Liverpool, Melbourne, London, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, etc.), recreate the features of his performing style, reveal his repertoire preferences. The characteristics of the pianist's pedagogy at different stages of his life are considered, especially in detail during his work in Moscow. The article compares the creative principles of Louis Pabst and his brother Pavel Augustovich Pabst, Professor at the Moscow Conservatory in 1878–1897. As a result, the whole image of a wonderful musician, almost forgotten today, is recreated.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION (AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF IRAN’S AGRICULTURE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Nima Ajam ◽  
Reza Moghaddasi ◽  
Amir Mohammadinejad
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Growing development of various industries and the necessity for paying attention to sustainable development, on the one hand, and undesirable effects of environmental pollution on various agricultural and social aspects of countries, on the other hand, have caused environmental protection to be one of the main concerns of policymakers. Accordingly, in recent decades, a large amount of theoretical and empirical research has focused on the methods of improving environmental quality and related effective factors. This research mainly aims to investigate the impact of globalization and agricultural value-added on the amount of pollution arisen due to CO2 emissions in the agricultural sector in Iran. For this purpose, a distributed lag nonlinear model is used over the period 1979-2016. The results indicate that positive agricultural value-added and globalization shocks have a direct and inverse relationship with CO2 emissions, respectively. At the same time, a negative shock in agricultural value-added reduces the pollution of this sector. Moreover, the results indicate significant asymmetry between agricultural value-added and pollution in this sector. The results were obtained by the NARDL method, which is used for the first time to estimate the effect of agricultural value-added and globalization on pollution arisen from CO2 emissions in the Iranian agricultural sector.

scholarly journals La mostra “Fiorentina Primaverile” del 1922

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Greco
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Great Exhibition

Inaugurated in Florence in 1922, the “Fiorentina Primaverile” was an important exhibition of Italian contemporary art, conceived by the writer Sem Benelli. This exhibition remains unique to Florence because of the number (more than three hundred) and the importance of the participants (from Andreotti and Wildt, to Conti and Bacci; from macchiaioli masters like Lega and Signorini to the young artists of «Valori Plastici») as well as for the moment when it took place: a fruitful period for artistic events, like the great exhibition of the Italian Paintings from the 17th and 18th Centuries. Analyzing the archival documents of the exhibition, that have been unpublished until now, this text aims to reconstruct in a historical and critical manner, for the first time, the “Fiorentina Primaverile”, in order to identify the true nature of the exhibition and, most of all, which kind of idea of Italian contemporary art was intended to be offered to the public.

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