scholarly journals Epistemological Substantiation of Crime Determinism

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Igor Alekseevich Burmistrov ◽  
Liliya Vladimirovna Glazkova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Causes Of Crime

In the context of aggravation of social processes in the country and the growth of crime, this article substantiates the study of the causes of crime as a landmark and popular research process, in relation to existing changes in society. Currently, the study of the causes of crime despite the numerous studies on this topic is still in demand and relevant. Changing the types of criminal groups, methods of criminal behavior, socio-economic conditions entails a constant need to improve the theoretical basis of the fight against crime, one of the main places in which, of course, plays criminology. The authors investigate the causes and factors contributing to the emergence and spread of crime, analyze different approaches to the classification of the causes of crime. It is emphasized that studying the causes of crime, we always focus on cause-and-effect relationships. But to absolutize it in any case it is impossible. This can lead to the isolation of individual phenomena, to the separation from their relations with other phenomena. It is proved that in the study of crime it is necessary to take into account both its causes and conditions, which together are denoted by the term “determination of crime”. The authors come to the conclusion that “determination” plays a fundamental role in philosophical knowledge of the world. It means that all real processes (both natural and social) arise and develop naturally, because they are caused by certain reasons. If there is a phenomenon that has led to another phenomenon, the first is called a cause and the second is a consequence. The reasons are not any, but quite certain, the corresponding consequences

scholarly journals Molecular (ISSR, cp DNA, ITS) and Morphological Study of the Genus Tragopogon L. (Asteraceae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hejraneh Azizi ◽  
Masoud Sheidai ◽  
Valiollah Mozaffarian ◽  
Zahra Noormohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Interspecific Relationship ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Species Hybridization

Abstract Tragopogon L. (Cichorioideae, Lactuceae, Scorzonerinae) is an Old World genus with 150 species, Rechinger in Flora Iranica divided this genus in 13 section and 37 species that 26 species of them are exist in Iran. Safavi et al. divided it into 26 species without sections in flora Iran. Despite the anatomical and molecular studies done around the world, the exact classification of this genus is not clear due to the high number of secret species, hybridization, polyploidy and rapid diversification. The morphology studies of 32 species and Molecular studies (ISSR, ITS, cp DNA) of 22 species of the genus Tragopogon was investigated . The purpose of these studies are classification and determination of interspecific relationship in this genus. Sections of Rubriflori, Sosnowskya, Chromopappus, Majores, Angustissimi, Krascheninnikovia in flora of Iranica are confirmed on the basis of morphometry and molecular data. Section of Profundisulcati in flora Iranica is confirmed on the base of morphometry data. The Species of T. jesdianus, T . porphyrocephalus, T. rezaiyensis and T. Stroterocarpus in the flora of Iranica are not classified in any section which we classified in the Rubriflori section, Cp DNA dendrogram are not useful for classification in this genus and Chloroplast sequences are very similar among Tragopogon species, Therefore, the use of cp DNA markers in the classification of this genus is not recommended.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF A HIGHLY DEFECTIVE FROG CORE OF GRADE 1/9

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavels GAVRILOVS ◽  
Viktors IVANOVS
Keyword(s):  
Rail Steel ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
First Time

For the first time at the Riga Technical University a study was carried out of a highly defective frog core of grade 1/9. In the course of the research an analysis of crossing piece defects on the Latvian railway was carried out in eight railway sections during years of 2015, 2016, 2017. The defect of the frog core of grade 1/9 (the 60 E1 DO 07 12 frog type) was considered according to the basic classification of the defects, and the analysis and research of the cause of its fracture were conducted from the bolt hole to the web and the base of the frog core. The research process consisted of four stages:  Stage 1: determination of metal hardness according to the Brinell scale with a modern device “Tinius O Olsen” Firmware Version 1.07, FH - 31 Series. The obtained results should be compared with the data of the manufacturer's factory – Dowlais Steel.  Stage 2: determination of the chemical composition of the rail steel of the frog core 1/9 (in the rail top, rail web, and rail base) using the ARC-MET 8000 Mobile Lab Optical Emission Spectometer Analyser. The obtained data should be compared with the manufacturer's data.  Stage 3: determination of the rail steel structure. Drawing of main conclusions about the quality of the rail steel of the frog core of grade 1/9.  Stage 4: drawing of main conclusions and summary of the cause and development of the fracture from the bolt hole of the frog core of grade 1/9.

Ontology in Indian philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ambuel
Keyword(s):  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
The World ◽  
Ontological Categories ◽  
Objects Of Knowledge ◽  
Fundamental Objective

All Indian philosophical traditions are deeply engaged with ontology, the study of being, since clarity about the nature of reality is at the heart of three intimately connected goals: knowledge, proper conduct and liberation from the continued suffering that is part of all human existence. The formulation of a list of ontological categories, a classification of reality by division into several fundamental objective kinds, however, is less widespread. There is little room for a doctrine of distinct, if related, ontological categories in a philosophical school that takes reality as one, even less if that one lies beyond description. If the phenomenal world is but illusory appearance, as, for example, in the Vedānta of Śaṅkara, then a determination of kinds of entities does not recommend itself as a means to adequate analysis of the world. Even the Sāṅkhya tradition’s realism reduces the world to an evolution from two fundamental entities, spirit and matter. Categories make sense within the context of a pluralistic realism, an analysis of the world that finds it to be composed of a multiplicity of real entities. Such a view is found to some extent in Jaina philosophy, but is primarily defended and developed in the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika school. The Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika categories are seven: substance, quality, motion, universal, particular, inherence and not-being. While all are understood as real entities and objects of knowledge, substance is most fundamental as each of the others in some way depends on substance. Substances are nine: earth, water, fire, air, ether, time, space, self and mind. The first four are atomic: they may combine to form macroscopic substance, such as a clay pot, but in incomposite form they are indestructible atoms, as are the last two. Ether, time and space, likewise indestructible, are unitary and pervade all. In its irreducible parts, all substance is eternal; every composite whole is a destructible substance. A relation of containment, called inherence, structures the categories. The qualities, actions and universals by which we might characterize a pot inhere in it. They are distinct entities from the pot, yet cannot exist apart from their underlying substrate. Composite substances like a pot are also contained in their parts by inherence, but the smallest parts, eternal substances, exist independently as receptacles that contain nothing. A whole, greater than the sum of its parts, is said to inhere in the parts while the parts are the inherence cause of the whole. Eternal substance, the ultimate substrate of all, is a bare particular. An entity that is nothing but a receptacle for other entities, it furnishes criteria for separability and individuality, but cannot be defined in itself apart from others. This aspect of the concept of substance leads later Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika into extensive analysis of relations and negation.

Are You Man Enough, Big and Bad Enough? Ecofeminism and Wolf Eradication in the USA

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Emel
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
European American ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Near Extinction ◽  
Usual Pattern

There is much to be gained and little to be lost by understanding and articulating our thinking about who ‘we’ and ‘they’ are. In this regard, the usual pattern of labeling, judging, and acting nearly always leads to taxonomizing or classification of people or things—sometimes resulting in benefits for the classified ‘other’, sometimes just the opposite. In this paper, the representations of the wolf in the USA during the historical period of its near extinction at the hands of private citizens and government hunters are examined. From an ecofeminist position, it is argued that indulgence in the practices of representation in those particular forms exhibited during that historical period were not only devastating to the wolf and other animals but also the same practices that perpetuated racism and sadism in the treatment of other people who were purportedly below European-American males on the hierarchy of beings. The argument contained within this paper cautions us to beware of admonitions of ‘necessity’ that creep into our thinking about the way the world must be (that is, there is no way to coexist with ‘savagery’) and encourages the examination of both cultural and economic determination of human and nonhuman animal relations.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL BASIS OF CAPITALIZATION MANAGEMENT OF THE ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (49) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Nina Khumarova, ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Laiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
General System ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Regulatory Models

Due to inefficient capital management at the level of enterprises, regions and the country as a whole, Ukraine's economy faces significant problems, which are exacerbated by the crisis in the world economy and the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the search for new and improvement of existing approaches and methods of capital management of enterprises is relevant. In the context of enterprise capital management on the basis of regulatory models, a modification of the "golden rule" is proposed by taking into account the growth rate of enterprise value The structure of the general system of capitalization management of the country's economy is determined, which provides for the coordination of individual enterprises and determination of strategic goals of capitalization of the country's economy, taking into account the norms of morality, traditions and values professed by society. The understanding of the essence of real and fictitious capitalization of the enterprise is specified. It is shown that there is a connection between them, but its description is qualitative.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis and Self-Organizing Maps Classification of the Etruscan Gold Coin Collection at the Monetiere of Florence

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Arias ◽  
Stefano Bani ◽  
Fiorenzo Catalli ◽  
Giulia Lorenzetti ◽  
Emanuela Grifoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Gold Alloys ◽  
Gold Coin ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Organizing

The “Monetiere” of Florence hosts the most important collection of Etruscan coins in the world. In the framework of the longstanding collaboration between the Monetiere and the Applied Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory in Pisa, the Etruscan gold coin collection of the museum was studied. The measurements were performed at the Monetiere, using a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument. The quantitative determination of the gold alloys used for the realization of the coins was obtained applying the fundamental parameters method to the XRF spectra; as a result, using the self-organizing maps method, we were able to classify the coins in four main groups. The main parameter determining the classification is the quantity of silver in the alloy. The results obtained shed some light about the origin of the coins under study.

VECTORS OF BIOECONOMIC S DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (175) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
T.Yu. Krotenko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Kanunikova ◽  
O.V. Lesnikova ◽  
Yu.V. Malkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transformation Processes

Today, the world scientific community has not yet formed an agreed point of view on the definition of a «green» economy. Many important generalizations in this direction require development. This is necessary for a more detailed understanding of the essence of the construct under study, determination of scientific and practical goals in this area, identification of approaches, construction of classifications. The article deals with the definitive aspect of the concept of «bioeconomy». As a result of generalization of the already formed theoretical and practical approaches, a classification of directions for the development of bioeconomy was obtained. The main tasks of the author’s research are as follows: a) identifying the role and place of bioeconomics in the system of sciences; b) consideration of the priority directions of its development in an innovative economy in the context of continuous transformation processes, globalization, automation. Solving these problems creates a theoretical basis for training specialists focused on the implementation of competencies in the field of bioeconomics. The methodological basis for the analysis of theoretical and practical aspects 53 ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ of bioeconomics and the proposed conclusions was the scientific content of the official websites of research Russian and foreign institutions working in this area, using the terms «bioeconomics», «biotechnology», «bioengineering education», «transdisciplinarity».

scholarly journals Analysis Of The EU Anti-dumping Policy In Terms Of The Revealed Comparative Advantages

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlybek Issabekov ◽  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
First Principles ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
The Eu

Anti-dumping policy is an important instrument of trade policy as far as protecting markets against dishonest practices of foreign suppliers is concerned and it is compliant with international regulations such as e.g. these set by the World Trade Organisation. Generally, dumping concerns exporting commodities at lower prices than a selling price of commodities (so-called normal value). Anti-dumping policy uses appropriate preventive means against dishonest practices in a situation when:- commodity was brought to customs territory of an importing country at dumping prices,- import inflicted damage (or threatens to do it) to importing country’s industry. The first principles of anti-dumping policy were formulated in 1964 at the United Nations Conference and Development UNCTAD. The agreement was signed by 194 countries, including Poland. A similar agreement was also signed by the European Union countries. One of the types of agreements is tariff agreements in which a tool used as a system of cataloguing commodities in international trade is so-called Combined Nomenclature (CN). The system is used in customs proceedings and for registration needs. Anti-dumping proceedings also use HS classification system formulated by the World Customs Organization. The aim of the paper is to determine the proportion of goods covered by anti-dumping proceedings in the value of import conducted by the European Union between 1995–2012. In the empirical research the eight-digit commodity codes CN8 were used as well as HS2 codes that allow grouping imported commodities covered by anti-dumping proceedings by their manufacturing divisions. In that way a determined classification of commodities was used to describe a comparative advantage. To conduct assessment the modified Ballasa index (Bi) and Grupp/Legler index were used. The result of conducted analysis is determination of groups of commodities that are crucial for export of a given country.

THEORETICAL BASIS FOR MANAGEMENT OF PERSONNEL RISKS

2017 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Katsiaryna Haliashova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Management Personnel ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Risks Assessment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Necessity of personnel risks management is based on research results. The authors' approaches to the determination of personnel risks and to their management have been explored. The author's definition of the concept of "personnel risks" is proposed. A classification of personnel risks is developed depending on the stage of origin and the tasks of the personnel policy, as well as the methods of management personnel risks in the organization. The article presents a methodical approach to personnel risk management which includes the following steps: rapid assessment of personnel risks, assessment of transaction costs, detailed assessment of personnel risks, selection of methods for management personnel risks and monitoring them.

Restatement and exemplification

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Class I ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Coherence Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Coherence Relation

According to a number of researchers in linguistics and artificial intelligence, the key to the meanings of expressions such as in other words, that is, and for example/for instance lies in the particular coherence relations they express in discourse. It is argued that these relations are sub-types of the relation of Elaboration and hence are ideational or semantic relations which express some experience of the world about us and within our imagination. In this paper I argue that the notion of Elaboration does not provide an adequate theoretical basis for the analysis of these expressions. I show, first, that their analysis in terms of ideational relations cannot capture the way in which utterances that contain them are understood, and, second, that the phenomena which are said to fall under the relation of Elaboration do not in fact constitute a single class. I show that Sperber and Wilson's (1986) relevance theoretic pragmatics provides a better explanatory framework for the analysis of these expressions, arguing that while their notion of interpretive resemblance plays a central role in the analysis of some utterances, there are other cases which must be analysed in terms of inferential relations between propositions. In all cases, the question of how the utterance is to be understood does not depend on the classification of the coherence relation it exhibits but on how it achieves relevance.

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